메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 318, Issue 12, 2017, Pages 1161-1174

Delirium in older persons: Advances in diagnosis and treatment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DEXMEDETOMIDINE; DIAZEPAM; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; DONEPEZIL; GABAPENTIN; HALOPERIDOL; MELATONIN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MORPHINE SULFATE; ONDANSETRON; PREGABALIN; QUETIAPINE; RAMELTEON; RISPERIDONE; SEVOFLURANE; SUGAMMADEX; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

EID: 85029935173     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.12067     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (575)

References (102)
  • 2
    • 0000902013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and documentation of impaired mental status in elderly emergency department patients
    • Hustey FM, Meldon S, Palmer R. Prevalence and documentation of impaired mental status in elderly emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7(10):1166.
    • (2000) Acad Emerg Med , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 1166
    • Hustey, F.M.1    Meldon, S.2    Palmer, R.3
  • 3
    • 0035851264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurses’ recognition of delirium and its symptoms: Comparison of nurse and researcher ratings
    • Inouye SK, Foreman MD, Mion LC, Katz KH, Cooney LM Jr. Nurses’ recognition of delirium and its symptoms: comparison of nurse and researcher ratings. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(20):2467-2473.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , Issue.20 , pp. 2467-2473
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Foreman, M.D.2    Mion, L.C.3    Katz, K.H.4    Cooney, L.M.5
  • 4
    • 84933181555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frequency of missed delirium in patients referred to palliative care in a comprehensive cancer center
    • de la Cruz M, Fan J, Yennu S, et al. The frequency of missed delirium in patients referred to palliative care in a comprehensive cancer center. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(8):2427-2433.
    • (2015) Support Care Cancer , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 2427-2433
    • De La Cruz, M.1    Fan, J.2    Yennu, S.3
  • 5
    • 0003472502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Society
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Society; 2013.
    • (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 7
    • 0025667229 scopus 로고
    • Clarifying confusion: The Confusion Assessment Method: A new method for detection of delirium
    • Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI. Clarifying confusion: the Confusion Assessment Method: a new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(12): 941-948.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , Issue.12 , pp. 941-948
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Van Dyck, C.H.2    Alessi, C.A.3    Balkin, S.4    Siegal, A.P.5    Horwitz, R.I.6
  • 8
    • 43249127769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Confusion Assessment Method: A systematic review of current usage
    • Wei LA, Fearing MA, Sternberg EJ, Inouye SK. The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56 (5):823-830.
    • (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 823-830
    • Wei, L.A.1    Fearing, M.A.2    Sternberg, E.J.3    Inouye, S.K.4
  • 10
    • 84944034119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential associations between delirium and mortality according to delirium subtype and age: A prospective cohort study
    • Kim SY, Kim SW, Kim JM, et al. Differential associations between delirium and mortality according to delirium subtype and age: a prospective cohort study. Psychosom Med. 2015; 77(8):903-910.
    • (2015) Psychosom Med , vol.77 , Issue.8 , pp. 903-910
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Kim, S.W.2    Kim, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 0033671377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mini-Cog: A cognitive “vital signs” measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly
    • Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak A. The Mini-Cog: a cognitive “vital signs” measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15(11):1021-1027.
    • (2000) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Borson, S.1    Scanlan, J.2    Brush, M.3    Vitaliano, P.4    Dokmak, A.5
  • 12
    • 0016837052 scopus 로고
    • A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients
    • Pfeiffer E. A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1975;23 (10):433-441.
    • (1975) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.23 , Issue.10 , pp. 433-441
    • Pfeiffer, E.1
  • 13
    • 33750334563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do I perform a lumbar puncture and analyze the results to diagnose bacterial meningitis?
    • Straus SE, Thorpe KE, Holroyd-Leduc J. How do I perform a lumbar puncture and analyze the results to diagnose bacterial meningitis? JAMA. 2006;296 (16):2012-2022.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , Issue.16 , pp. 2012-2022
    • Straus, S.E.1    Thorpe, K.E.2    Holroyd-Leduc, J.3
  • 14
    • 0033554085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rational Clinical Examination: Does this adult patient have acute meningitis?
    • Attia J, Hatala R, Cook DJ, Wong JG. The Rational Clinical Examination: does this adult patient have acute meningitis? JAMA. 1999;282(2): 175-181.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-181
    • Attia, J.1    Hatala, R.2    Cook, D.J.3    Wong, J.G.4
  • 15
    • 0030748105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective analysis: Are fever and altered mental status indications for lumbar puncture in a hospitalized patient who has not undergone neurosurgery?
    • Metersky ML, Williams A, Rafanan AL. Retrospective analysis: are fever and altered mental status indications for lumbar puncture in a hospitalized patient who has not undergone neurosurgery? Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25(2):285-288.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 285-288
    • Metersky, M.L.1    Williams, A.2    Rafanan, A.L.3
  • 16
    • 84859820904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial cause of delirium: Computed tomography yield and predictive factors
    • Lai MM, Wong Tin Niam DM. Intracranial cause of delirium: computed tomography yield and predictive factors. Intern Med J. 2012;42(4):422-427.
    • (2012) Intern Med J , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 422-427
    • Lai, M.M.1    Tin, W.2    Niam, D.M.3
  • 17
    • 84867152129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium and long-term cognitive trajectory among persons with dementia
    • Gross AL, Jones RN, Habtemariam DA, et al. Delirium and long-term cognitive trajectory among persons with dementia. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172 (17):1324-1331.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med , vol.172 , Issue.17 , pp. 1324-1331
    • Gross, A.L.1    Jones, R.N.2    Habtemariam, D.A.3
  • 18
    • 84883627391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium superimposed on dementia is associated with prolonged length of stay and poor outcomes in hospitalized older adults
    • Fick DM, Steis MR, Waller JL, Inouye SK. Delirium superimposed on dementia is associated with prolonged length of stay and poor outcomes in hospitalized older adults. J Hosp Med. 2013;8(9): 500-505.
    • (2013) J Hosp Med , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 500-505
    • Fick, D.M.1    Steis, M.R.2    Waller, J.L.3    Inouye, S.K.4
  • 19
    • 84899641610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium superimposed on dementia strongly predicts worse outcomes in older rehabilitation inpatients
    • Morandi A, Davis D, Fick DM, et al. Delirium superimposed on dementia strongly predicts worse outcomes in older rehabilitation inpatients. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(5):349-354.
    • (2014) J Am Med Dir Assoc , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 349-354
    • Morandi, A.1    Davis, D.2    Fick, D.M.3
  • 20
    • 0028345244 scopus 로고
    • A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Development and cross-validation
    • Jorm AF. A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychol Med. 1994;24(1):145-153.
    • (1994) Psychol Med , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-153
    • Jorm, A.F.1
  • 21
    • 0020286558 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report
    • Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(1):37-49.
    • (1982) J Psychiatr Res. , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-49
    • Yesavage, J.A.1    Brink, T.L.2    Rose, T.L.3
  • 22
    • 84928195650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: A meta-analysis
    • Hshieh TT, Yue J, Oh E, et al. Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(4):512-520.
    • (2015) JAMA Intern Med , vol.175 , Issue.4 , pp. 512-520
    • Hshieh, T.T.1    Yue, J.2    Oh, E.3
  • 23
    • 84925295819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults
    • American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(1):142-150.
    • (2015) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 142-150
  • 24
    • 84893032098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation and delirium in the intensive care unit
    • Reade MC, Finfer S. Sedation and delirium in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(5): 444-454.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , Issue.5 , pp. 444-454
    • Reade, M.C.1    Finfer, S.2
  • 25
    • 84991491427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive care unit delirium: A review of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
    • Hayhurst CJ, Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG. Intensive care unit delirium: a review of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(6):1229-1241.
    • (2016) Anesthesiology , vol.125 , Issue.6 , pp. 1229-1241
    • Hayhurst, C.J.1    Pandharipande, P.P.2    Hughes, C.G.3
  • 26
    • 84859001212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
    • Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al; Cochrane Bias Methods Group; Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d5928.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343 , pp. d5928
    • Higgins, J.P.1    Altman, D.G.2    Gøtzsche, P.C.3
  • 27
    • 84969999097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The short-term and long-term relationship between delirium and cognitive trajectory in older surgical patients
    • Inouye SK, Marcantonio ER, Kosar CM, et al. The short-term and long-term relationship between delirium and cognitive trajectory in older surgical patients. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12:766-775.
    • (2016) Alzheimers Dement , vol.12 , pp. 766-775
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Marcantonio, E.R.2    Kosar, C.M.3
  • 28
    • 84921315057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D-CAM: Derivation and validation of a 3-minute diagnostic interview for CAM-defined delirium: A cross-sectional diagnostic test study
    • Marcantonio ER, Ngo LH, O’Connor M, et al. 3D-CAM: derivation and validation of a 3-minute diagnostic interview for CAM-defined delirium: a cross-sectional diagnostic test study. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(8):554-561.
    • (2014) Ann Intern Med , vol.161 , Issue.8 , pp. 554-561
    • Marcantonio, E.R.1    Ngo, L.H.2    O’Connor, M.3
  • 29
    • 84898858357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CAM-S: Development and validation of a new scoring system for delirium severity in 2 cohorts
    • Inouye SK, Kosar CM, Tommet D, et al. The CAM-S: development and validation of a new scoring system for delirium severity in 2 cohorts. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(8):526-533.
    • (2014) Ann Intern Med , vol.160 , Issue.8 , pp. 526-533
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Kosar, C.M.2    Tommet, D.3
  • 30
    • 84899898346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: A study in 234 hospitalised older people
    • Bellelli G, Morandi A, Davis DH, et al. Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people. Age Ageing. 2014;43(4):496-502.
    • (2014) Age Ageing , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 496-502
    • Bellelli, G.1    Morandi, A.2    Davis, D.H.3
  • 31
    • 84936891894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a smartphone application for the objective detection of attentional deficits in delirium
    • Tieges Z, Stíobhairt A, Scott K, et al. Development of a smartphone application for the objective detection of attentional deficits in delirium. Int Psychogeriatr. 2015;27(8):1251-1262.
    • (2015) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1251-1262
    • Tieges, Z.1    Stíobhairt, A.2    Scott, K.3
  • 32
    • 84869102984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for delirium using family caregivers: Convergent validity of the Family Confusion Assessment Method and interviewer-rated Confusion Assessment Method
    • Steis MR, Evans L, Hirschman KB, et al. Screening for delirium using family caregivers: convergent validity of the Family Confusion Assessment Method and interviewer-rated Confusion Assessment Method. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(11):2121-2126.
    • (2012) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.60 , Issue.11 , pp. 2121-2126
    • Steis, M.R.1    Evans, L.2    Hirschman, K.B.3
  • 33
    • 84885641202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of the Informant Assessment of Geriatric Delirium Scale (I-AGeD): Recognition of delirium in geriatric patients
    • in Dutch
    • Rhodius-Meester HF, van Campen JP, Fung W, Meagher DJ, van Munster BC, de Jonghe JF. Development and validation of the Informant Assessment of Geriatric Delirium Scale (I-AGeD): recognition of delirium in geriatric patients [in Dutch]. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 2013;44(5): 206-214.
    • (2013) Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 206-214
    • Rhodius-Meester, H.F.1    Van Campen, J.P.2    Fung, W.3    Meagher, D.J.4    Van Munster, B.C.5    De Jonghe, J.F.6
  • 34
    • 84872306991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for delirium within the interRAI acute care assessment system
    • Salih SA, Paul S, Klein K, Lakhan P, Gray L. Screening for delirium within the interRAI acute care assessment system. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012; 16(8):695-700.
    • (2012) J Nutr Health Aging , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 695-700
    • Salih, S.A.1    Paul, S.2    Klein, K.3    Lakhan, P.4    Gray, L.5
  • 36
    • 84926390765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing acute delirium as part of your routine [RADAR]: A validation study
    • Voyer P, Champoux N, Desrosiers J, et al. Recognizing acute delirium as part of your routine [RADAR]: a validation study. BMC Nurs. 2015;14(19): 19.
    • (2015) BMC Nurs , vol.14 , Issue.19 , pp. 19
    • Voyer, P.1    Champoux, N.2    Desrosiers, J.3
  • 37
    • 84989780506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening in delirium: A pilot study of two screening tools, the Simple Query for Easy Evaluation of Consciousness and Simple Question in Delirium
    • Lin HS, Eeles E, Pandy S, Pinsker D, Brasch C, Yerkovich S. Screening in delirium: a pilot study of two screening tools, the Simple Query for Easy Evaluation of Consciousness and Simple Question in Delirium. Australas J Ageing. 2015;34(4):259-264.
    • (2015) Australas J Ageing , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-264
    • Lin, H.S.1    Eeles, E.2    Pandy, S.3    Pinsker, D.4    Brasch, C.5    Yerkovich, S.6
  • 38
    • 84958182322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Sour Seven Questionnaire for screening delirium in hospitalized seniors by informal caregivers and untrained nurses
    • Shulman RW, Kalra S, Jiang JZ. Validation of the Sour Seven Questionnaire for screening delirium in hospitalized seniors by informal caregivers and untrained nurses. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):44.
    • (2016) BMC Geriatr , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 44
    • Shulman, R.W.1    Kalra, S.2    Jiang, J.Z.3
  • 39
    • 0037217194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD initiative
    • Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, et al; STARD Group. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003;41(1): 68-73.
    • (2003) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-73
    • Bossuyt, P.M.1    Reitsma, J.B.2    Bruns, D.E.3
  • 40
    • 84964587655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium screening: A systematic review of delirium screening tools in hospitalized patients
    • De J, Wand AP. Delirium screening: a systematic review of delirium screening tools in hospitalized patients. Gerontologist. 2015;55(6): 1079-1099.
    • (2015) Gerontologist , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 1079-1099
    • De, J.1    Wand, A.P.2
  • 41
    • 84888227367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of two delirium screening tools for detecting post-operative delirium in the elderly
    • Neufeld KJ, Leoutsakos JS, Sieber FE, et al. Evaluation of two delirium screening tools for detecting post-operative delirium in the elderly. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(4):612-618.
    • (2013) Br J Anaesth , vol.111 , Issue.4 , pp. 612-618
    • Neufeld, K.J.1    Leoutsakos, J.S.2    Sieber, F.E.3
  • 42
    • 84861962922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial administration of a modified Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale for delirium screening
    • Chester JG, Beth Harrington M, Rudolph JL; VA Delirium Working Group. Serial administration of a modified Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale for delirium screening. J Hosp Med. 2012;7(5): 450-453.
    • (2012) J Hosp Med , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 450-453
    • Chester, J.G.1    Beth Harrington, M.2    Rudolph, J.L.3
  • 43
    • 84991821879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting delirium superimposed on dementia: Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale
    • Morandi A, Han JH, Meagher D, et al. Detecting delirium superimposed on dementia: evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(9):828-833.
    • (2016) J Am Med Dir Assoc , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 828-833
    • Morandi, A.1    Han, J.H.2    Meagher, D.3
  • 44
    • 0034984728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98: Comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium
    • Trzepacz PT, Mittal D, Torres R, Kanary K, Norton J, Jimerson N. Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;13 (2):229-242.
    • (2001) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-242
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1    Mittal, D.2    Torres, R.3    Kanary, K.4    Norton, J.5    Jimerson, N.6
  • 46
    • 84987917220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the severity of a delirium episode throughout hospitalization: The combined importance of intensity and duration
    • Vasunilashorn SM, Marcantonio ER, Gou Y, et al. Quantifying the severity of a delirium episode throughout hospitalization: the combined importance of intensity and duration. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31(10):1164-1171.
    • (2016) J Gen Intern Med , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 1164-1171
    • Vasunilashorn, S.M.1    Marcantonio, E.R.2    Gou, Y.3
  • 48
    • 84896394129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tale of two methods: Chart and interview methods for identifying delirium
    • Saczynski JS, Kosar CM, Xu G, et al. A tale of two methods: chart and interview methods for identifying delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(3): 518-524.
    • (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 518-524
    • Saczynski, J.S.1    Kosar, C.M.2    Xu, G.3
  • 49
    • 84928212596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium diagnosis methodology used in research: A survey-based study
    • Neufeld KJ, Nelliot A, Inouye SK, et al. Delirium diagnosis methodology used in research: a survey-based study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014; 22(12):1513-1521.
    • (2014) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 1513-1521
    • Neufeld, K.J.1    Nelliot, A.2    Inouye, S.K.3
  • 50
    • 84965029201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher C-reactive protein levels predict postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing major elective surgery: A longitudinal nested case-control study
    • Dillon ST, Vasunilashorn SM, Ngo L, et al. Higher C-reactive protein levels predict postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing major elective surgery: a longitudinal nested case-control study. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;81(2):145-153.
    • (2017) Biol Psychiatry , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-153
    • Dillon, S.T.1    Vasunilashorn, S.M.2    Ngo, L.3
  • 51
    • 84885662834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical risk factors for non-convulsive status epilepticus during emergent electroencephalogram
    • Tu TM, Loh NK, Tan NC. Clinical risk factors for non-convulsive status epilepticus during emergent electroencephalogram. Seizure. 2013;22(9):794-797.
    • (2013) Seizure , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 794-797
    • Tu, T.M.1    Loh, N.K.2    Tan, N.C.3
  • 52
    • 84944403052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizures as adverse events of antibiotic drugs: A systematic review
    • Sutter R, Rüegg S, Tschudin-Sutter S. Seizures as adverse events of antibiotic drugs: a systematic review. Neurology. 2015;85(15):1332-1341.
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.85 , Issue.15 , pp. 1332-1341
    • Sutter, R.1    Rüegg, S.2    Tschudin-Sutter, S.3
  • 53
    • 84897108214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative delirium in a substudy of cardiothoracic surgical patients in the BAG-RECALL clinical trial
    • Whitlock EL, Torres BA, Lin N, et al. Postoperative delirium in a substudy of cardiothoracic surgical patients in the BAG-RECALL clinical trial. Anesth Analg. 2014;118(4):809-817.
    • (2014) Anesth Analg , vol.118 , Issue.4 , pp. 809-817
    • Whitlock, E.L.1    Torres, B.A.2    Lin, N.3
  • 54
    • 84872385190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS-guided anesthesia decreases postoperative delirium and cognitive decline
    • Chan MT, Cheng BC, Lee TM, Gin T; CODA Trial Group. BIS-guided anesthesia decreases postoperative delirium and cognitive decline. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2013;25(1):33-42.
    • (2013) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-42
    • Chan, M.T.1    Cheng, B.C.2    Lee, T.M.3    Gin, T.4
  • 55
    • 84975318179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol for the Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) study: A pragmatic, randomised clinical trial
    • Wildes TS, Winter AC, Maybrier HR, et al. Protocol for the Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) study: a pragmatic, randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2016;6(6):e011505.
    • (2016) BMJ Open , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. e011505
    • Wildes, T.S.1    Winter, A.C.2    Maybrier, H.R.3
  • 56
    • 84925031802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative delirium in older adults: Best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society
    • American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. Postoperative delirium in older adults: best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(2):136-148.
    • (2015) J Am Coll Surg , vol.220 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-148
  • 57
    • 0033522146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients
    • Inouye SK, Bogardus ST Jr, Charpentier PA, et al. A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(9):669-676.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , Issue.9 , pp. 669-676
    • Inouye, S.K.1    Bogardus, S.T.2    Charpentier, P.A.3
  • 58
    • 84925292585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing delirium: Should non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions be used? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
    • Martinez F, Tobar C, Hill N. Preventing delirium: should non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions be used? a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Age Ageing. 2015;44 (2):196-204.
    • (2015) Age Ageing , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 196-204
    • Martinez, F.1    Tobar, C.2    Hill, N.3
  • 59
    • 84893754734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost-effectiveness of multi-component interventions to prevent delirium in older people undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture
    • Akunne A, Davis S, Westby M, Young J. The cost-effectiveness of multi-component interventions to prevent delirium in older people undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014;24(2):187-195.
    • (2014) Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-195
    • Akunne, A.1    Davis, S.2    Westby, M.3    Young, J.4
  • 60
    • 84961884170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients
    • Siddiqi N, Harrison JK, Clegg A, et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD005563.
    • (2016) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. , vol.3 , pp. CD005563
    • Siddiqi, N.1    Harrison, J.K.2    Clegg, A.3
  • 61
    • 85029913949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a specialist Medical and Mental Health Unit with standard care for older people with delirium and dementia admitted to a general hospital: A randomised controlled trial (NIHR TEAM trial)
    • Goldberg S, Bradshaw L, Whittamore K, Gladman J, Harwood R. Comparison of a specialist Medical and Mental Health Unit with standard care for older people with delirium and dementia admitted to a general hospital: a randomised controlled trial (NIHR TEAM trial). Eur Geriatr Med. 2013;4(suppl 1):S173.
    • (2013) Eur Geriatr Med , vol.4 , pp. S173
    • Goldberg, S.1    Bradshaw, L.2    Whittamore, K.3    Gladman, J.4    Harwood, R.5
  • 62
    • 84976549062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creative music therapy in an acute care setting for older patients with delirium and dementia
    • Cheong CY, Tan JA, Foong YL, et al. Creative music therapy in an acute care setting for older patients with delirium and dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2016;6(2):268-275.
    • (2016) Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 268-275
    • Cheong, C.Y.1    Tan, J.A.2    Foong, Y.L.3
  • 64
    • 84903785277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long-term care
    • Clegg A, Siddiqi N, Heaven A, Young J, Holt R. Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long-term care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(1):CD009537.
    • (2014) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.1 , pp. CD009537
    • Clegg, A.1    Siddiqi, N.2    Heaven, A.3    Young, J.4    Holt, R.5
  • 65
    • 84856240962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium prevention in terminal cancer: Assessment of a multicomponent intervention
    • Gagnon P, Allard P, Gagnon B, Mérette C, Tardif F. Delirium prevention in terminal cancer: assessment of a multicomponent intervention. Psychooncology. 2012;21(2):187-194.
    • (2012) Psychooncology , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-194
    • Gagnon, P.1    Allard, P.2    Gagnon, B.3    Mérette, C.4    Tardif, F.5
  • 66
    • 84958160314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long-term care
    • González-Gil T. Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long-term care. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;55:133-134.
    • (2016) Int J Nurs Stud , vol.55 , pp. 133-134
    • González-Gil, T.1
  • 67
    • 84893685455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol prophylaxis does not prevent postoperative delirium in elderly patients: A randomized, open-label prospective trial
    • Fukata S, Kawabata Y, Fujisiro K, et al. Haloperidol prophylaxis does not prevent postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, open-label prospective trial. Surg Today. 2014;44(12):2305-2313.
    • (2014) Surg Today , vol.44 , Issue.12 , pp. 2305-2313
    • Fukata, S.1    Kawabata, Y.2    Fujisiro, K.3
  • 68
    • 84860744394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early treatment with risperidone for subsyndromal delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery in the elderly: A randomized trial
    • Hakim SM, Othman AI, Naoum DO. Early treatment with risperidone for subsyndromal delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery in the elderly: a randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2012;116 (5):987-997.
    • (2012) Anesthesiology , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 987-997
    • Hakim, S.M.1    Othman, A.I.2    Naoum, D.O.3
  • 69
    • 80051503659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium risk screening and haloperidol prophylaxis program in hip fracture patients is a helpful tool in identifying high-risk patients, but does not reduce the incidence of delirium
    • Vochteloo AJ, Moerman S, van der Burg BL, et al. Delirium risk screening and haloperidol prophylaxis program in hip fracture patients is a helpful tool in identifying high-risk patients, but does not reduce the incidence of delirium. BMC Geriatr. 2011;11:39.
    • (2011) BMC Geriatr , vol.11 , pp. 39
    • Vochteloo, A.J.1    Moerman, S.2    Van Der Burg, B.L.3
  • 70
    • 84857554831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol prophylaxis decreases delirium incidence in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
    • Wang W, Li HL, Wang DX, et al. Haloperidol prophylaxis decreases delirium incidence in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(3):731-739.
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 731-739
    • Wang, W.1    Li, H.L.2    Wang, D.X.3
  • 72
    • 84907610113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of melatonin on incidence of delirium among patients with hip fracture: A multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial
    • de Jonghe A, van Munster BC, Goslings JC, et al; Amsterdam Delirium Study Group. Effect of melatonin on incidence of delirium among patients with hip fracture: a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2014;186(14): E547-E556.
    • (2014) CMAJ , vol.186 , Issue.14 , pp. E547-E556
    • De Jonghe, A.1    Van Munster, B.C.2    Goslings, J.C.3
  • 73
    • 84898657964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventive effects of ramelteon on delirium: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Hatta K, Kishi Y, Wada K, et al; DELIRIA-J Group. Preventive effects of ramelteon on delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(4):397-403.
    • (2014) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 397-403
    • Hatta, K.1    Kishi, Y.2    Wada, K.3
  • 74
    • 84929926000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral premedication on cognitive status of elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization
    • Ashraf JM, Schweiger M, Vallurupalli N, Bellantonio S, Cook JR. Effects of oral premedication on cognitive status of elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2015;12(3):257-262.
    • (2015) J Geriatr Cardiol , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-262
    • Ashraf, J.M.1    Schweiger, M.2    Vallurupalli, N.3    Bellantonio, S.4    Cook, J.R.5
  • 75
    • 84870615569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of sevoflurane versus propofol to reduce perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery
    • Lurati Buse GA, Schumacher P, Seeberger E, et al. Randomized comparison of sevoflurane versus propofol to reduce perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 2012;126(23):2696-2704.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , Issue.23 , pp. 2696-2704
    • Lurati Buse, G.A.1    Schumacher, P.2    Seeberger, E.3
  • 76
    • 84960968692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in the sugammadex era: A retrospective study
    • Oh CS, Rhee KY, Yoon TG, Woo NS, Hong SW, Kim SH. Postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in the sugammadex era: a retrospective study. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:1054597.
    • (2016) Biomed Res Int. , vol.2016 , pp. 1054597
    • Oh, C.S.1    Rhee, K.Y.2    Yoon, T.G.3    Woo, N.S.4    Hong, S.W.5    Kim, S.H.6
  • 77
    • 84882801541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility and safety of xenon compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia in coronary surgical patients: A randomized controlled pilot study
    • Stoppe C, Fahlenkamp AV, Rex S, et al. Feasibility and safety of xenon compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia in coronary surgical patients: a randomized controlled pilot study. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(3):406-416.
    • (2013) Br J Anaesth , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 406-416
    • Stoppe, C.1    Fahlenkamp, A.V.2    Rex, S.3
  • 78
    • 84943387787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (SIRS): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Whitlock RP, Devereaux PJ, Teoh KH, et al; SIRS Investigators. Methylprednisolone in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (SIRS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(10000):1243-1253.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.386 , Issue.10000 , pp. 1243-1253
    • Whitlock, R.P.1    Devereaux, P.J.2    Teoh, K.H.3
  • 79
    • 84955678091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation reduces delirium after cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
    • Djaiani G, Silverton N, Fedorko L, et al. Dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation reduces delirium after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2016; 124(2):362-368.
    • (2016) Anesthesiology , vol.124 , Issue.2 , pp. 362-368
    • Djaiani, G.1    Silverton, N.2    Fedorko, L.3
  • 80
    • 84946762117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative delirium after joint replacement in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment
    • Liu Y, Ma L, Gao M, Guo W, Ma Y. Dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative delirium after joint replacement in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2016;28 (4):729-736.
    • (2016) Aging Clin Exp Res , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 729-736
    • Liu, Y.1    Ma, L.2    Gao, M.3    Guo, W.4    Ma, Y.5
  • 81
    • 85027435533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of delirium in elderly patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
    • Li X, Yang J, Nie XL, et al. Impact of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of delirium in elderly patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0170757.
    • (2017) Plos One , vol.12 , Issue.2
    • Li, X.1    Yang, J.2    Nie, X.L.3
  • 82
    • 84912021338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative gabapentin and delirium following total knee arthroplasty: A post-hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Dighe K, Clarke H, McCartney CJ, Wong CL. Perioperative gabapentin and delirium following total knee arthroplasty: a post-hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2014;61(12):1136-1137.
    • (2014) Can J Anaesth , vol.61 , Issue.12 , pp. 1136-1137
    • Dighe, K.1    Clarke, H.2    McCartney, C.J.3    Wong, C.L.4
  • 83
    • 81555207206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot randomized trial of donepezil hydrochloride for delirium after hip fracture
    • Marcantonio ER, Palihnich K, Appleton P, Davis RB. Pilot randomized trial of donepezil hydrochloride for delirium after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(suppl 2):S282-S288.
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.59 , pp. S282-S288
    • Marcantonio, E.R.1    Palihnich, K.2    Appleton, P.3    Davis, R.B.4
  • 85
    • 79957466945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregabalin has an opioid-sparing effect in elderly patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Pesonen A, Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Hammarén E, et al. Pregabalin has an opioid-sparing effect in elderly patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(6): 873-881.
    • (2011) Br J Anaesth , vol.106 , Issue.6 , pp. 873-881
    • Pesonen, A.1    Suojaranta-Ylinen, R.2    Hammarén, E.3
  • 86
    • 84937579474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative tight glucose control using hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia increases delirium after cardiac surgery
    • Saager L, Duncan AE, Yared JP, et al. Intraoperative tight glucose control using hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia increases delirium after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(6):1214-1223.
    • (2015) Anesthesiology , vol.122 , Issue.6 , pp. 1214-1223
    • Saager, L.1    Duncan, A.E.2    Yared, J.P.3
  • 87
    • 84882288919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium outcomes in a randomized trial of blood transfusion thresholds in hospitalized older adults with hip fracture
    • Gruber-Baldini AL, Marcantonio E, Orwig D, et al. Delirium outcomes in a randomized trial of blood transfusion thresholds in hospitalized older adults with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61 (8):1286-1295.
    • (2013) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.61 , Issue.8 , pp. 1286-1295
    • Gruber-Baldini, A.L.1    Marcantonio, E.2    Orwig, D.3
  • 88
    • 84878561061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring depth of anaesthesia in a randomized trial decreases the rate of postoperative delirium but not postoperative cognitive dysfunction
    • Radtke FM, Franck M, Lendner J, Krüger S, Wernecke KD, Spies CD. Monitoring depth of anaesthesia in a randomized trial decreases the rate of postoperative delirium but not postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(suppl 1):i98-i105.
    • (2013) Br J Anaesth , vol.110 , pp. i98-i105
    • Radtke, F.M.1    Franck, M.2    Lendner, J.3    Krüger, S.4    Wernecke, K.D.5    Spies, C.D.6
  • 89
    • 84990186458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary data: An adapted hospital elder life program to prevent delirium and reduce complications of acute illness in long-term care delivered by certified nursing assistants
    • Boockvar KS, Teresi JA, Inouye SK. Preliminary data: an adapted hospital elder life program to prevent delirium and reduce complications of acute illness in long-term care delivered by certified nursing assistants. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(5): 1108-1113.
    • (2016) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 1108-1113
    • Boockvar, K.S.1    Teresi, J.A.2    Inouye, S.K.3
  • 90
    • 85003953021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cognitively stimulating activities for the symptom management of delirium superimposed on dementia: A randomized controlled trial
    • Kolanowski A, Fick D, Litaker M, et al. Effect of cognitively stimulating activities for the symptom management of delirium superimposed on dementia: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(12):2424-2432.
    • (2016) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.64 , Issue.12 , pp. 2424-2432
    • Kolanowski, A.1    Fick, D.2    Litaker, M.3
  • 91
    • 84860524501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of earplugs during the night on the onset of delirium and sleep perception: A randomized controlled trial in intensive care patients
    • Van Rompaey B, Elseviers MM, Van Drom W, Fromont V, Jorens PG. The effect of earplugs during the night on the onset of delirium and sleep perception: a randomized controlled trial in intensive care patients. Crit Care. 2012;16(3):R73.
    • (2012) Crit Care , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. R73
    • Van Rompaey, B.1    Elseviers, M.M.2    Van Drom, W.3    Fromont, V.4    Jorens, P.G.5
  • 92
    • 84865369427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bright light therapy as an adjunctive treatment with risperidone in patients with delirium: A randomized, open, parallel group study
    • Yang J, Choi W, Ko YH, Joe SH, Han C, Kim YK. Bright light therapy as an adjunctive treatment with risperidone in patients with delirium: a randomized, open, parallel group study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012;34(5):546-551.
    • (2012) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 546-551
    • Yang, J.1    Choi, W.2    Ko, Y.H.3    Joe, S.H.4    Han, C.5    Kim, Y.K.6
  • 93
    • 84884535114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine is a reasonable alternative to haloperidol in the treatment of postoperative hyperactive-type delirium after cardiac surgery
    • Atalan N, Efe Sevim M, Akgün S, Fazlıoğulları O, Başaran C. Morphine is a reasonable alternative to haloperidol in the treatment of postoperative hyperactive-type delirium after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2013;27(5):933-938.
    • (2013) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 933-938
    • Atalan, N.1    Efe Sevim, M.2    Akgün, S.3    Fazlıoğulları, O.4    Başaran, C.5
  • 94
    • 84945547204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects
    • Boettger S, Jenewein J, Breitbart W. Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: a comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13(4):1079-1085.
    • (2015) Palliat Support Care , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 1079-1085
    • Boettger, S.1    Jenewein, J.2    Breitbart, W.3
  • 95
    • 84864415407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of delirium with risperidone in cancer patients
    • Kishi Y, Kato M, Okuyama T, Thurber S. Treatment of delirium with risperidone in cancer patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012;66(5):411-417.
    • (2012) Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.66 , Issue.5 , pp. 411-417
    • Kishi, Y.1    Kato, M.2    Okuyama, T.3    Thurber, S.4
  • 96
    • 84880736264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quetiapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of delirium: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
    • Maneeton B, Maneeton N, Srisurapanont M, Chittawatanarat K. Quetiapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of delirium: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2013;7:657-667.
    • (2013) Drug Des Devel Ther , vol.7 , pp. 657-667
    • Maneeton, B.1    Maneeton, N.2    Srisurapanont, M.3    Chittawatanarat, K.4
  • 98
    • 84884683773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium
    • Yoon HJ, Park KM, Choi WJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:240.
    • (2013) BMC Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 240
    • Yoon, H.J.1    Park, K.M.2    Choi, W.J.3
  • 99
    • 85011269390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of oral risperidone, haloperidol, or placebo for symptoms of delirium among patients in palliative care: A randomized clinical trial
    • Agar MR, Lawlor PG, Quinn S, et al. Efficacy of oral risperidone, haloperidol, or placebo for symptoms of delirium among patients in palliative care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(1):34-42.
    • (2017) JAMA Intern Med , vol.177 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-42
    • Agar, M.R.1    Lawlor, P.G.2    Quinn, S.3
  • 100
    • 84961662097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic medication for prevention and treatment of delirium in hospitalized adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Neufeld KJ, Yue J, Robinson TN, Inouye SK, Needham DM. Antipsychotic medication for prevention and treatment of delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(4):705-714.
    • (2016) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.64 , Issue.4 , pp. 705-714
    • Neufeld, K.J.1    Yue, J.2    Robinson, T.N.3    Inouye, S.K.4    Needham, D.M.5
  • 101
    • 49149119577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: A focus on the role of aberrant stress responses
    • Maclullich AM, Ferguson KJ, Miller T, de Rooij SE, Cunningham C. Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: a focus on the role of aberrant stress responses. J Psychosom Res. 2008; 65(3):229-238.
    • (2008) J Psychosom Res , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-238
    • Maclullich, A.M.1    Ferguson, K.J.2    Miller, T.3    De Rooij, S.E.4    Cunningham, C.5
  • 102
    • 84885014761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels and the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients
    • Westhoff D, Witlox J, Koenderman L, et al. Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels and the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients. J Neuroinflammation. 2013;10(1): 122.
    • (2013) J Neuroinflammation , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 122
    • Westhoff, D.1    Witlox, J.2    Koenderman, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.