Control by numbers: new managerialism and ranking in higher education

Critical Studies in Education

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 190-207

  Lynch, Kathleen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

audit; culture; ideological tool; markets; measurement; neoliberalism; new managerialism; numbers, performativity; public interests; ranking

Indexed keywords

EID: 85028227200     PISSN: 17508487     EISSN: 17508495     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17508487.2014.949811     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. S.S.Amsler,, & C.Bolsmann, (2012). University ranking as social exclusion. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(2), 283–301. doi:10.1080/01425692.2011.649835
2. L.Angus, (2004). Globalization and educational change: Bringing about the reshaping and re-norming of practice. Journal of Education Policy, 19(1), 23–41. doi:10.1080/0268093042000182618
3. M.Apple, (1979). Ideology and curriculum. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
4. L.Archer,, R.Gilchrist,, M.Hutchings,, C.Leathwood,, D.Phillips,, & A.Ross, (2002). Higher education and social class: Issues of inclusion and exclusion. London: Falmer Press.
5. S.J.Ball, (2003). The teacher’s soul and the terrors of performativity. Journal of Education Policy, 18(2), 215–228. doi:10.1080/0268093022000043065
6. S.J.Ball, (2006). Education policy and social class: The selected works of Stephen J ball. London: Routledge.
7. S.J.Ball, (2012). Performativity, commodification and commitment: An I-spy guide to the neoliberal university. British Journal of Educational Studies, 60(1), 17–28. doi:10.1080/00071005.2011.650940
8. J.Blackmore,, & J.Sachs, (2007). Performing and reforming leaders: Gender, educational restructuring and organizational change. New York: State of New York Press.
9. J.Boaler, (2008). Helping children learn to love their least favorite subject—And why it’s important for America. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
10. D.Bok, (2003). Universities in the marketplace: The commercialization of higher education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
11. L.Boltanski,, & E.Chiapello, (2005). The new spirit of capitalism. London: Verso.
12. V.Borer,, & M.Lawn, (2013). Governing education systems by shaping data: From the past to the present, from national to international perspectives. European Educational Research Journal, 12(1), 48–52. doi:10.2304/eerj.2013.12.1.48
13. P.Brown,, & S.Tannock, (2009). Education, meritocracy and the global war for talent. Journal of Education Policy, 24(4), 377–392. doi:10.1080/02680930802669938
14. E.Bullen,, S.Robb,, & J.Kenway, (2004). Creative destruction: Knowledge economy policy and the future of the arts and humanities in the academy. Journal of Education Policy, 19(1), 3–22. doi:10.1080/0268093042000182609
15. J.Chandler,, J.Barry,, & H.Clark, (2002). Stressing academe: The wear and tear of the new public management. Human Relations, 55, 1051–1069. doi:10.1177/0018726702055009019
16. J.Chubb,, & T.Moe, (1990). Politics, markets and America’s schools. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.
17. P.Clancy, (1995). Access to college: Patterns of continuity and change. Dublin: Higher Education Authority.
18. P.Clancy, (2001). College entry in focus: A fourth national study of access to higher education. Dublin: Higher Education Authority.
19. J.Clarke,, S.Gewritz,, & E.McLaughlin, (2000). New managerialism new welfare? London: Sage.
20. J.Clarke,, & J.Newman, (1997). The managerial state. London: Sage.
21. M.Court, (2004). Talking back to new public management versions of accountability in education: A co-principalship’s practices of mutual responsibility. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 32, 171–194. doi:10.1177/1741143204041883
22. S.Covington, (2001). Moving a public policy Agenda. Washington, DC: National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy.
23. A.D’Agostino,, R.Serafini,, & M.Ward-Warmedinger, (2006, May). Sectoral explanations of employment in Europe: The role of services. Working paper series 625. Frankfurt: European Central Bank.
24. R.Dale, (2005). Globalisation, knowledge economy and comparative education. Comparative Education, 41(1), 1–17.
25. R.Deem,, K.H.Mok,, & L.Lucas, (2008). Transforming higher education in whose image? Exploring the concept of the ‘world-class’ university in Europe and Asia. Higher Education Policy, 21(1), 83–97. doi:10.1057/palgrave.hep.8300179
26. Department of Education and Skills (Ireland). (2011). National strategy for higher education to 2030. Dublin: Government Publications Office.
27. J.Docking, (2000). New labour’s policies for schools: Raising the standard? London: David Fulton.
28. F.Docquier,, & A.Marfouk, (2005). International migration by education attainment, 1990–2000. In Ç.Özden & M.Schiff (Eds.), International migration, remittances and the brain drain (pp. 151–199). Washington, DC: World Bank.
29. A.Doring, (2002). Challenges to the academic role of change agent. Journal of Further Higher Education 26(2) citing McNair S (1997) Is there a crisis? Does it matter?’ In R.Barnett & A.Griffin (Eds.), The end of knowledge in higher education. London: Cassell.
30. M.Duru-Bellat,, A.Kieffer,, & D.Reimer, (2008). Patterns of social inequalities in access to higher education in France and Germany. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 49(4–5), 347–368. doi:10.1177/0020715208093081
31. ECOFIN. (2010). Efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditure on tertiary education in the EU. Brussels: European Commission.
32. R.S.Eisenberg, (1987). Proprietary rights and the norms of science in biotechnology research. The Yale Law Journal, 97, 177–223. doi:10.2307/796481
33. W.N.Espeland,, & M.Sauder, (2007). Rankings and reactivity: How public measures recreate social worlds. American Journal of Sociology, 113(1), 1–40. doi:10.1086/517897
34. Europa. (2011). Council conclusions on the modernisation of higher education. Official Journal of the European Union, OJC 372/36, 20.12.2011.
35. C.M.Farrell,, & J.Morris, (2003). The neo-bureaucratic state: Professionals, managers and professional managers in schools, general practices and social work. Organization, 10, 129–156. doi:10.1177/1350508403010001380
36. E.Farrell,, & M.Van Der Werf, (2007, May 25). Playing the rankings game, Chronicle of Higher Education,. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/Playing-the-Rankings-Game/4451/
37. P.Freire, (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. London: Penguin.
38. F.Fukuyama, (1992). The end of history and the last man. New York, NY: Free Press.
39. A.Gamoran, (2001). American schooling and educational inequality: A forecast for the 21st century. Sociology of Education, 74, 135–153. Special Issue. doi:10.2307/2673258
40. GAO (US Government Accountability Office). (2010, November 30). ‘FOR-PROFIT COLLEGES: Undercover Testing Finds Colleges Encouraged Fraud and Engaged in Deceptive and Questionable Marketing Practices’ Statement of Gregory D. Kutz, Managing Director Forensics Audits and Special Investigations. Washington, DC: Testimony Before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate.
41. H.Giroux, (1983). Theory and resistance in education: A pedagogy for the opposition. London: Heinemann.
42. H.Giroux, (2002). Neoliberalism, corporate culture, and the promise of higher education: The university as a democratic public sphere. Harvard Educational Review, 72, 1–31.
43. I.Hacking, (1990). The taming of chance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44. G.Hanlon, (2000). Sacking the new Jerusalem? The new right, social democracy and professional identities. Sociological Research Online, 5(1), Retrieved from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/5/1/hanlon.html
45. I.Harkavy, (2006). The role of universities in advancing citizenship and social justice in the 21st century. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 1(1), 5–37. doi:10.1177/1746197906060711
46. D.Harvey, (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
47. E.Hazelkorn, (2011). Rankings and the reshaping of higher education: The battle for world class excellence. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
48. M.Henry,, B.Lingard,, F.Rizvi,, & S.Taylor, (2001). The OECD: Globalisation and education policy. Amsterdam: Pergamon.
49. D.Hill, (2005). Globalisation and its educational discontents: Neoliberalisation and its impacts on education workers’ rights, pay and conditions. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 15, 257–288. doi:10.1080/09620210500200143
50. M.-H.Huang, (2012). Opening the black box of QS world university rankings. Research Evaluation, 21, 71–78. doi:10.1093/reseval/rvr003
51. A.J.Kaba, (2012). Analyzing Anglo-American hegemony in the times higher education rankings. Educational Policy Analysis, 20(21), 1–49.
52. J.Karabel, (2005). The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale and Princeton. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
53. D.Knights,, & W.Richards, (2003). Sex discrimination in UK academia. Gender, Work and Organization, 10(2), 213–238. doi:10.1111/1468-0432.t01-1-00012
54. C.Leathwood, (2005). Assessment policy and practice in higher education: Purpose, standards and equity. Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, 30(3), 307–324. doi:10.1080/02602930500063876
55. R.Lieberwitz, (2005). Confronting the privatization and commercialization of academic research: An analysis of social implications at the local, national, and global levels. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 12(1), 109–152. doi:10.2979/GLS.2005.12.1.109
56. B.Lingard, (2011). Policy as numbers: Ac/counting for educational research. The Australian Educational Researcher, 38, 355–382. doi:10.1007/s13384-011-0041-9
57. B.Lingard,, & S.Rawolle, (2011). New scalar politics: Implications for education policy. Comparative Education, 47(4), 489–502. doi:10.1080/03050068.2011.555941
58. W.Y.W.Lo, (2011). Soft power, university rankings and knowledge production: Distinctions between hegemony and self-determination in higher education. Comparative Education, 47(2), 209–222. doi:10.1080/03050068.2011.554092
59. L.Lolich, (2011). …and the market created the student to its image and likening. Neo-liberal governmentality and its effects on higher education in Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 30(2), 271–284. doi:10.1080/03323315.2011.569145
60. K.Lynch, (1995). Equality and resistance in higher education. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 5(1), 93–111. doi:10.1080/0962021950050106
61. K.Lynch, (2010a). Carelessness: A hidden doxa of higher education. Arts Humanities in Higher Education, 9, 54–67. doi:10.1177/1474022209350104
62. K.Lynch, (2010b). Lessons for higher education: The university as a site of activism. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 31(5), 575–590. doi:10.1080/01425692.2010.500091
63. K.Lynch,, M.Crean,, & M.Moran, (2010). Equality and social justice: The university as a site of struggle. In M.Apple et al. (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of the sociology of education (pp. 296–305). London: Routledge.
64. K.Lynch,, B.Grummell,, & D.Devine, (2012). New managerialism in education: Gender, commercialization and carelessness. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
65. J.-F.Lyotard, (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
66. S.Marginson, (2007a). Global university rankings: Implications in general and for Australia. Journal of Higher Education Policy Management, 29(2), 131–142. doi:10.1080/13600800701351660
67. S.Marginson, (2007b). Global position and position taking: The case of Australia. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(1), 5–32. doi:10.1177/1028315306287530
68. S.Marginson,, & M.Van Der Wende, (2007). To rank or to be ranked: The impact of global rankings in higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 306–329. doi:10.1177/1028315307303544
69. J.Marsh, (2011). Class dismissed: Why we cannot teach or learn our way out of inequality. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
70. T.McCowan, (2012). Is there a universal right to higher education? British Journal of Educational Studies, 60(2), 111–128. doi:10.1080/00071005.2011.648605
71. P.McLaren, (1995). Critical pedagogy and predatory culture: Oppositional politics in a postmodern era. London: Routledge.
72. A.Metcalfe,, & S.Slaughter, (2008). The differential effects of academic capitalism on women in the academy. In J.Glazer-Raymo (Ed.), Unfinished agendas: New and continuing gender challenges in higher education (pp. 80–111). Baltimore, MA: John Hopkins’ Press.
73. E.Michaels,, H.Handfield-Jones,, & M.Axelrod, (2001). The war for talent. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
74. M.T.Moe,, K.Bailey,, & R.Lau, (1999). The book of knowledge: Investing in the education and training industry. Delaware: Merrill Lynch.
75. G.Monbiot, (2000). The captive state. London: Macmillan.
76. L.Morley, (2003). Quality and power in higher education. Maidenhead and Milton Keynes: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
77. J.H.Newman, (1852). The idea of a university: Defined and illustrated. Retrieved from http://www.newmanreader.org/works/idea/
78. P.O’Connor, (2012). Irish universities: Male-dominated? Limits and possibilities for change? Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 31(1), 83–96. doi:10.1108/02610151211199236
79. OECD. (2013). OECD observer. Retrieved from http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/3731/The_globalisation_of_higher_education.html
80. M.Peters, (2001). National education policy constructions of the ‘knowledge economy: Towards a critique. Journal of Educational Enquiry, 2(1), 1–22.
81. T.Porter, (1995). Trust in numbers: The pursuit of objectivity in science and public life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
82. M.Power, (1994). The audit explosion. London: Demos.
83. M.Power, (1997). The audit society: Rituals of verification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
84. A.Rauhvargers, (2011). Global university rankings and their impact. Brussels: European University Association. Retrieved from http://www.eua.be/pubs/Global_University_Rankings_and_Their_Impact.pdf
85. A.Rauhvargers, (2013). Global university rankings and their impact report II. Brussels: European University Association. Retrieved from http://www.eua.be/Libraries/Publications_homepage_list/EUA_Global_University_Rankings_and_Their_Impact_-_Report_II.sflb.ashx
86. D.Reay,, G.Crozier,, & J.Clayton, (2010). Fitting in’ or ‘standing out’: Working class students in UK higher education. British Educational Research Journal, 31(1), 1–19.
87. D.Reay,, M.David,, & S.J.Ball, (2005). Degrees of choice: Class, race and gender in higher education. London: Trentham Books.
88. S.L.Robertson,, X.Bonal,, & R.Dale, (2002). GATS and the education service industry: The politics of scale and global reterritorialization. Comparative Education Review, 46, 472–495. doi:10.1086/343122
89. N.Rose, (1999). Powers of freedom: Reframing political thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
90. R.W.Rumberger, (2010). Education and the reproduction of economic inequality in the United States: An empirical investigation. Economics of Education Review, 29(2), 246–254. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2009.07.006
91. J.Rutherford, (2005). Cultural studies in the corporate university. Cultural Studies, 19(3), 297–317. doi:10.1080/09502380500146899
92. J.Salmi, (2009). The challenge of establishing world-class universities. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
93. S.Sassen, (1996). Losing control? Sovereignty in an age of globalization. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
94. M.Sauder,, & W.N.Espeland, (2009). The discipline of rankings: Tight coupling and organizational change. American Sociological Review, 74(1), 63–82. doi:10.1177/000312240907400104
95. S.Sellar,, & B.Lingard, (2013). The OECD and global governance in education. Journal of Education Policy, 28(5), 710–725. doi:10.1080/02680939.2013.779791
96. Y.Shavit,, & H.Blossfeld, (1993). Persistent inequality: Changing educational attainment in thirteen countries. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
97. C.Shore,, & S.Wright, (1999). Audit culture and anthropology: Neo-liberalism in British higher education. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 5(4), 557–575. doi:10.2307/2661148
98. E.Sianou-Kyrgiou, (2010). Stratification in higher education, choice and social inequalities in Greece. Higher Education Quarterly, 64(1), 22–40. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2273.2009.00427.x
99. S.Slaughter,, & L.Leslie, (1997). Politics, policies and the entrepreneurial university. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
100. S.Slaughter,, & L.Leslie, (2001). Expanding and elaborating the concept of academic capitalism. Organization, 8(2), 154–161. doi:10.1177/1350508401082003
101. Sutton Trust. (2007). University admissions by individual schools. London: Sutton Trust.
102. P.Todd,, & R.Ladle, (2008). Hidden dangers of a citation culture. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 8, 13–16. doi:10.3354/esep00091
103. K.Tomasevski, (2005). Globalizing what: Education as a human right or as a traded service? Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 12(1), 1–78. doi:10.2979/GLS.2005.12.1.1
104. J.N.Tooley, (2000). Reclaiming education. London: Cassell.
105. J.Washburn, (2005). University Inc.: The corporate corruption of higher education. New York, NY: Basic Books.
106. C.Wennerås,, & A.Wold, (1997). Nepotism and sexism in peer review. Nature, 387, 341–343. doi:10.1038/387341a0
107. L.Wittgenstein, (1953/2001). Philosophical investigations. London: Blackwell.