메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue , 2018, Pages 41-48

Childhood community-acquired pneumonia: A review of etiology- and antimicrobial treatment studies

Author keywords

Antimicrobial treatment; Children; Epidemiology; Etiology; Pneumonia

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN; CORTICOSTEROID; COTRIMOXAZOLE; MACROLIDE; OSELTAMIVIR; OXACILLIN; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PLACEBO; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 85028063767     PISSN: 15260542     EISSN: 15260550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2017.06.013     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (80)
  • 2
    • 84924445378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculosis as a cause or comorbidity of childhood pneumonia in tuberculosis-endemic areas: a systematic review
    • Oliwa, J., Karumbi, J., Marais, B., Madhi, S., Graham, S., Tuberculosis as a cause or comorbidity of childhood pneumonia in tuberculosis-endemic areas: a systematic review. Lancet Respir Med 3 (2015), 235–243.
    • (2015) Lancet Respir Med , vol.3 , pp. 235-243
    • Oliwa, J.1    Karumbi, J.2    Marais, B.3    Madhi, S.4    Graham, S.5
  • 3
    • 0022599626 scopus 로고
    • Etiology of severe pneumonia in children in developing countries
    • Shann, F., Etiology of severe pneumonia in children in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis 5 (1986), 247–252.
    • (1986) Pediatr Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 247-252
    • Shann, F.1
  • 5
    • 84861926839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000
    • Liu, L., Johnson, H., Cousens, S., Perin, J., Scott, S., Lawn, J., et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 379 (2012), 2151–2161.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 2151-2161
    • Liu, L.1    Johnson, H.2    Cousens, S.3    Perin, J.4    Scott, S.5    Lawn, J.6
  • 6
    • 85055222286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries
    • Rudan, I., O'Brien, K., Nair, H., Liu, L., Theodoratou, E., Qazi, S., et al. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. J Glob Health, 3, 2013, 010401.
    • (2013) J Glob Health , vol.3 , pp. 010401
    • Rudan, I.1    O'Brien, K.2    Nair, H.3    Liu, L.4    Theodoratou, E.5    Qazi, S.6
  • 7
    • 84939574247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of PCV7/PCV13 introduction on community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in children <5 years
    • Greenberg, D., Givon Lavi, N., Ben Shimol, S., Ziv, J., Dagan, R., Impact of PCV7/PCV13 introduction on community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in children <5 years. Vaccine 33 (2015), 4623–4629.
    • (2015) Vaccine , vol.33 , pp. 4623-4629
    • Greenberg, D.1    Givon Lavi, N.2    Ben Shimol, S.3    Ziv, J.4    Dagan, R.5
  • 8
    • 77951630646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia incidence, severe morbidity and mortality
    • Theodoratou, E., Johnson, S., Jhass, A., Madhi, S., Clark, A., Boschi Pinto, C., et al. The effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia incidence, severe morbidity and mortality. Int J Epidemiol 39:Suppl 1 (2010), i172–i185.
    • (2010) Int J Epidemiol , vol.39 , pp. i172-i185
    • Theodoratou, E.1    Johnson, S.2    Jhass, A.3    Madhi, S.4    Clark, A.5    Boschi Pinto, C.6
  • 9
    • 84924075884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early indication for a reduced burden of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children following the introduction of routine vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Nha Trang, Vietnam
    • Flasche, S., Takahashi, K., Vu, D., Suzuki, M., Nguyen, T., Le, H., et al. Early indication for a reduced burden of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children following the introduction of routine vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Vaccine 32 (2014), 6963–6970.
    • (2014) Vaccine , vol.32 , pp. 6963-6970
    • Flasche, S.1    Takahashi, K.2    Vu, D.3    Suzuki, M.4    Nguyen, T.5    Le, H.6
  • 11
    • 84922572662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the use of blood cultures in the management of children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia
    • McCulloh, R., Koster, M., Yin, D., Milner, T., Ralston, S., Hill, V., et al. Evaluating the use of blood cultures in the management of children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS ONE, 10, 2015, e0117462.
    • (2015) PLoS ONE , vol.10 , pp. e0117462
    • McCulloh, R.1    Koster, M.2    Yin, D.3    Milner, T.4    Ralston, S.5    Hill, V.6
  • 12
    • 84979851568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cost-effectiveness analysis of obtaining blood cultures in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia
    • Andrews, A., Simpson, A., Heine, D., Teufel, R., A cost-effectiveness analysis of obtaining blood cultures in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. J Pediatr, 2015.
    • (2015) J Pediatr
    • Andrews, A.1    Simpson, A.2    Heine, D.3    Teufel, R.4
  • 14
    • 54049115198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Haemophilus influenzae type b in fatal community-acquired pneumonia in Chinese children
    • Hu, H., He, L., Dmitriev, A., Hu, Y., Deng, J., Zhang, W., et al. The role of Haemophilus influenzae type b in fatal community-acquired pneumonia in Chinese children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27 (2008), 942–944.
    • (2008) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.27 , pp. 942-944
    • Hu, H.1    He, L.2    Dmitriev, A.3    Hu, Y.4    Deng, J.5    Zhang, W.6
  • 15
    • 84858141368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study
    • Levine, O., O'Brien, K., Deloria Knoll, M., Murdoch, D., Feikin, D., DeLuca, A., et al. The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study. Clin Infect Dis 54:Suppl 2 (2012), S93–S101.
    • (2012) Clin Infect Dis , vol.54 , pp. S93-S101
    • Levine, O.1    O'Brien, K.2    Deloria Knoll, M.3    Murdoch, D.4    Feikin, D.5    DeLuca, A.6
  • 16
    • 84903558523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time polymerase chain reaction for microbiological diagnosis of parapneumonic effusions in Canadian children
    • Pernica, J., Moldovan, I., Chan, F., Slinger, R., Real-time polymerase chain reaction for microbiological diagnosis of parapneumonic effusions in Canadian children. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 25 (2014), 151–154.
    • (2014) Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 151-154
    • Pernica, J.1    Moldovan, I.2    Chan, F.3    Slinger, R.4
  • 17
    • 84903691287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoracic empyema in children: clinical presentation, microbiology analysis and therapeutic options
    • Sakran, W., Ababseh, Z.E.D., Miron, D., Koren, A., Thoracic empyema in children: clinical presentation, microbiology analysis and therapeutic options. J Infect Chemother 20 (2014), 262–265.
    • (2014) J Infect Chemother , vol.20 , pp. 262-265
    • Sakran, W.1    Ababseh, Z.E.D.2    Miron, D.3    Koren, A.4
  • 18
    • 84895885190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal aetiology and serotype distribution in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia
    • De Schutter, I., Vergison, A., Tuerlinckx, D., Raes, M., Smet, J., Smeesters, P., et al. Pneumococcal aetiology and serotype distribution in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS ONE, 9, 2014, e89013.
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e89013
    • De Schutter, I.1    Vergison, A.2    Tuerlinckx, D.3    Raes, M.4    Smet, J.5    Smeesters, P.6
  • 21
    • 84858146359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of pneumonia etiology among hospitalized children in Kenya
    • Hammitt, L., Kazungu, S., Morpeth, S., Gibson, D., Mvera, B., Brent, A., et al. A preliminary study of pneumonia etiology among hospitalized children in Kenya. Clin Infect Dis 54:Suppl 2 (2012), S190–S199.
    • (2012) Clin Infect Dis , vol.54 , pp. S190-S199
    • Hammitt, L.1    Kazungu, S.2    Morpeth, S.3    Gibson, D.4    Mvera, B.5    Brent, A.6
  • 22
    • 84858120818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower respiratory infections among hospitalized children in New Caledonia: a pilot study for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project
    • Mermond, S., Zurawski, V., D'Ortenzio, E., Driscoll, A., DeLuca, A., Deloria Knoll, M., et al. Lower respiratory infections among hospitalized children in New Caledonia: a pilot study for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project. Clin Infect Dis 54:Suppl 2 (2012), S180–S189.
    • (2012) Clin Infect Dis , vol.54 , pp. S180-S189
    • Mermond, S.1    Zurawski, V.2    D'Ortenzio, E.3    Driscoll, A.4    DeLuca, A.5    Deloria Knoll, M.6
  • 23
    • 84857652685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viruses and bacteria in sputum samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Honkinen, M., Lahti, E., Österback, R., Ruuskanen, O., Waris, M., Viruses and bacteria in sputum samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 18 (2012), 300–307.
    • (2012) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.18 , pp. 300-307
    • Honkinen, M.1    Lahti, E.2    Österback, R.3    Ruuskanen, O.4    Waris, M.5
  • 24
    • 84890038976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aetiology of paediatric pneumonia after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Elemraid, M., Sails, A., Eltringham, G.J.A., Perry, J., Rushton, S., Spencer, D., et al. Aetiology of paediatric pneumonia after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Eur Respir J 42 (2013), 1595–1603.
    • (2013) Eur Respir J , vol.42 , pp. 1595-1603
    • Elemraid, M.1    Sails, A.2    Eltringham, G.J.A.3    Perry, J.4    Rushton, S.5    Spencer, D.6
  • 25
    • 79953797311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis
    • Pavia, A., Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis. Clin Infect Dis 52:Suppl 4 (2011), S284–S289.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. S284-S289
    • Pavia, A.1
  • 26
    • 84923780557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children
    • Jain, S., Williams, D., Arnold, S., Ampofo, K., Bramley, A., Reed, C., et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children. N Engl J Med 372 (2015), 835–845.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 835-845
    • Jain, S.1    Williams, D.2    Arnold, S.3    Ampofo, K.4    Bramley, A.5    Reed, C.6
  • 27
    • 84928902820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and correlation of infectious agents in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in Central China
    • Liu, J., Ai, H., Xiong, Y., Li, F., Wen, Z., Liu, W., et al. Prevalence and correlation of infectious agents in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in Central China. PLoS ONE, 10, 2015, e0119170.
    • (2015) PLoS ONE , vol.10 , pp. e0119170
    • Liu, J.1    Ai, H.2    Xiong, Y.3    Li, F.4    Wen, Z.5    Liu, W.6
  • 29
    • 54049083410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza-associated pediatric mortality in the United States: increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfection
    • Finelli, L., Fiore, A., Dhara, R., Brammer, L., Shay, D., Kamimoto, L., et al. Influenza-associated pediatric mortality in the United States: increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfection. Pediatrics 122 (2008), 805–811.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , pp. 805-811
    • Finelli, L.1    Fiore, A.2    Dhara, R.3    Brammer, L.4    Shay, D.5    Kamimoto, L.6
  • 30
    • 0032566233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance and clinical effectiveness of co-trimoxazole versus amoxycillin for pneumonia among children in Pakistan: randomised controlled trial. Pakistan Co-trimoxazole Study Group
    • Straus, W.L., Qazi, S.A., Kundi, Z., Nomani, N.K., Schwartz, B., Antimicrobial resistance and clinical effectiveness of co-trimoxazole versus amoxycillin for pneumonia among children in Pakistan: randomised controlled trial. Pakistan Co-trimoxazole Study Group. Lancet 352 (1998), 270–274.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 270-274
    • Straus, W.L.1    Qazi, S.A.2    Kundi, Z.3    Nomani, N.K.4    Schwartz, B.5
  • 31
    • 84891701874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children
    • Lodha, R., Kabra, S., Pandey, R., Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 6, 2013, CD004874.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.6 , pp. CD004874
    • Lodha, R.1    Kabra, S.2    Pandey, R.3
  • 32
    • 0036161531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of co-trimoxazole versus amoxicillin twice daily for treatment of pneumonia: a randomised controlled clinical trial in Pakistan
    • Catchup Study Group, Clinical efficacy of co-trimoxazole versus amoxicillin twice daily for treatment of pneumonia: a randomised controlled clinical trial in Pakistan. Arch Dis Child 86 (2002), 113–118.
    • (2002) Arch Dis Child , vol.86 , pp. 113-118
    • Catchup Study Group1
  • 33
    • 84879398886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in under-five children in developing country: a systematic review
    • Das, R., Singh, M., Treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in under-five children in developing country: a systematic review. PLoS ONE, 8, 2013, e66232.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e66232
    • Das, R.1    Singh, M.2
  • 34
    • 81555199958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2–59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial
    • Bari, A., Sadruddin, S., Khan, A., Khan, Iu.H., Lehri, I., Macleod, W., et al. Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2–59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 378 (2011), 1796–1803.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 1796-1803
    • Bari, A.1    Sadruddin, S.2    Khan, A.3    Khan, I.H.4    Lehri, I.5    Macleod, W.6
  • 35
    • 84857652258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2–59 months in Matiari district, rural Pakistan: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
    • Soofi, S., Ahmed, S., Fox, M., MacLeod, W., Thea, D., Qazi, S., et al. Effectiveness of community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2–59 months in Matiari district, rural Pakistan: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 379 (2012), 729–737.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 729-737
    • Soofi, S.1    Ahmed, S.2    Fox, M.3    MacLeod, W.4    Thea, D.5    Qazi, S.6
  • 36
    • 0023763215 scopus 로고
    • Trial of co-trimoxazole versus procaine penicillin with ampicillin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in young Gambian children
    • Campbell, H., Byass, P., Forgie, I.M., O'Neill, K.P., Lloyd Evans, N., Greenwood, B.M., Trial of co-trimoxazole versus procaine penicillin with ampicillin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in young Gambian children. Lancet 2 (1988), 1182–1184.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1182-1184
    • Campbell, H.1    Byass, P.2    Forgie, I.M.3    O'Neill, K.P.4    Lloyd Evans, N.5    Greenwood, B.M.6
  • 37
    • 79951826209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of oral amoxicillin with placebo for the treatment of world health organization-defined nonsevere pneumonia in children aged 2–59 months: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Pakistan
    • Hazir, T., Nisar, Y., Abbasi, S., Ashraf, Y., Khurshid, J., Tariq, P., et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin with placebo for the treatment of world health organization-defined nonsevere pneumonia in children aged 2–59 months: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Pakistan. Clin Infect Dis 52 (2011), 293–300.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 293-300
    • Hazir, T.1    Nisar, Y.2    Abbasi, S.3    Ashraf, Y.4    Khurshid, J.5    Tariq, P.6
  • 38
    • 44349132091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does 3-day course of oral amoxycillin benefit children of non-severe pneumonia with wheeze: a multicentric randomised controlled trial
    • Awasthi, S., Agarwal, G., Kabra, S., Singhi, S., Kulkarni, M., More, V., et al. Does 3-day course of oral amoxycillin benefit children of non-severe pneumonia with wheeze: a multicentric randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 3, 2008, e1991.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3 , pp. e1991
    • Awasthi, S.1    Agarwal, G.2    Kabra, S.3    Singhi, S.4    Kulkarni, M.5    More, V.6
  • 39
    • 4644356904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral amoxicillin versus injectable penicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3 to 59 months: a randomised multicentre equivalency study
    • Addo Yobo, E., Chisaka, N., Hassan, M., Hibberd, P., Lozano, J., Jeena, P., et al. Oral amoxicillin versus injectable penicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3 to 59 months: a randomised multicentre equivalency study. Lancet 364 (2004), 1141–1148.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1141-1148
    • Addo Yobo, E.1    Chisaka, N.2    Hassan, M.3    Hibberd, P.4    Lozano, J.5    Jeena, P.6
  • 40
    • 37449007685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial
    • Hazir, T., Fox, L., Nisar, Y., Fox, M., Ashraf, Y., MacLeod, W., et al. Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial. Lancet 371 (2008), 49–56.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 49-56
    • Hazir, T.1    Fox, L.2    Nisar, Y.3    Fox, M.4    Ashraf, Y.5    MacLeod, W.6
  • 41
    • 0842345455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of amoxicillin, cefuroxime and clarithromycin in the treatment of community -acquired pneumonia in children
    • Aurangzeb, B., Hameed, A., Comparative efficacy of amoxicillin, cefuroxime and clarithromycin in the treatment of community -acquired pneumonia in children. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 13 (2003), 704–707.
    • (2003) J Coll Physicians Surg Pak , vol.13 , pp. 704-707
    • Aurangzeb, B.1    Hameed, A.2
  • 42
    • 38349113246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloramphenicol versus ampicillin plus gentamicin for community acquired very severe pneumonia among children aged 2–59 months in low resource settings: multicentre randomised controlled trial (SPEAR study)
    • Asghar, R., Banajeh, S., Egas, J., Hibberd, P., Iqbal, I., Katep Bwalya, M., et al. Chloramphenicol versus ampicillin plus gentamicin for community acquired very severe pneumonia among children aged 2–59 months in low resource settings: multicentre randomised controlled trial (SPEAR study). BMJ 336 (2008), 80–84.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 80-84
    • Asghar, R.1    Banajeh, S.2    Egas, J.3    Hibberd, P.4    Iqbal, I.5    Katep Bwalya, M.6
  • 43
    • 0037045577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloramphenicol versus benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial
    • Duke, T., Poka, H., Dale, F., Michael, A., Mgone, J., Wal, T., Chloramphenicol versus benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial. Lancet 359 (2002), 474–480.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 474-480
    • Duke, T.1    Poka, H.2    Dale, F.3    Michael, A.4    Mgone, J.5    Wal, T.6
  • 44
    • 0024358118 scopus 로고
    • An open, comparative evaluation of amoxycillin and amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid (‘Augmentin’) in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in children
    • Jibril, H.B., Ifere, O.A., Odumah, D.U., An open, comparative evaluation of amoxycillin and amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid (‘Augmentin’) in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in children. Curr Med Res Opin 11 (1989), 585–592.
    • (1989) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.11 , pp. 585-592
    • Jibril, H.B.1    Ifere, O.A.2    Odumah, D.U.3
  • 45
    • 0031768879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of intramuscular penicillin versus oral amoxicillin in the early treatment of outpatient pediatric pneumonia
    • Tsarouhas, N., Shaw, K.N., Hodinka, R.L., Bell, L.M., Effectiveness of intramuscular penicillin versus oral amoxicillin in the early treatment of outpatient pediatric pneumonia. Pediatr Emerg Care 14 (1998), 338–341.
    • (1998) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.14 , pp. 338-341
    • Tsarouhas, N.1    Shaw, K.N.2    Hodinka, R.L.3    Bell, L.M.4
  • 46
    • 84937397384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of beta-lactam versus macrolide monotherapy in children with pneumonia diagnosed in the outpatient setting
    • Ambroggio, L., Test, M., Metlay, J., Graf, T., Ann Blosky, M., Macaluso, M., et al. Comparative effectiveness of beta-lactam versus macrolide monotherapy in children with pneumonia diagnosed in the outpatient setting. Pediatr Infect Dis J 34 (2015), 839–842.
    • (2015) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.34 , pp. 839-842
    • Ambroggio, L.1    Test, M.2    Metlay, J.3    Graf, T.4    Ann Blosky, M.5    Macaluso, M.6
  • 49
    • 12244291934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative randomized trial of azithromycin versus erythromycin and amoxicillin for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children
    • Kogan, R., Martínez, M.A., Rubilar, L., Payá E., Quevedo, I., Puppo, H., et al. Comparative randomized trial of azithromycin versus erythromycin and amoxicillin for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 35 (2003), 91–98.
    • (2003) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.35 , pp. 91-98
    • Kogan, R.1    Martínez, M.A.2    Rubilar, L.3    Payá, E.4    Quevedo, I.5    Puppo, H.6
  • 50
    • 84897023667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of ceftriaxone in combination with a macrolide compared with ceftriaxone alone for pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Leyenaar, J., Shieh, M., Lagu, T., Pekow, P., Lindenauer, P., Comparative effectiveness of ceftriaxone in combination with a macrolide compared with ceftriaxone alone for pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 33 (2014), 387–392.
    • (2014) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.33 , pp. 387-392
    • Leyenaar, J.1    Shieh, M.2    Lagu, T.3    Pekow, P.4    Lindenauer, P.5
  • 51
    • 34848819765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of levofloxacin in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Bradley, J., Arguedas, A., Blumer, J., Sáez Llorens, X., Melkote, R., Noel, G., Comparative study of levofloxacin in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26 (2007), 868–878.
    • (2007) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.26 , pp. 868-878
    • Bradley, J.1    Arguedas, A.2    Blumer, J.3    Sáez Llorens, X.4    Melkote, R.5    Noel, G.6
  • 52
    • 84872859405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia: comparison of penicillin or ampicillin versus cefuroxime
    • Dinur Schejter, Y., Cohen Cymberknoh, M., Tenenbaum, A., Brooks, R., Averbuch, D., Kharasch, S., et al. Antibiotic treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia: comparison of penicillin or ampicillin versus cefuroxime. Pediatr Pulmonol 48 (2013), 52–58.
    • (2013) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.48 , pp. 52-58
    • Dinur Schejter, Y.1    Cohen Cymberknoh, M.2    Tenenbaum, A.3    Brooks, R.4    Averbuch, D.5    Kharasch, S.6
  • 53
    • 84891808458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of empiric antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia
    • Queen, M., Myers, A., Hall, M., Shah, S., Williams, D., Auger, K., et al. Comparative effectiveness of empiric antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatrics 133 (2014), e23–e29.
    • (2014) Pediatrics , vol.133 , pp. e23-e29
    • Queen, M.1    Myers, A.2    Hall, M.3    Shah, S.4    Williams, D.5    Auger, K.6
  • 54
    • 84887123129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrow vs broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for children hospitalized with pneumonia
    • Williams, D., Hall, M., Shah, S., Parikh, K., Tyler, A., Neuman, M., et al. Narrow vs broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for children hospitalized with pneumonia. Pediatrics 132 (2013), e1141–e1148.
    • (2013) Pediatrics , vol.132 , pp. e1141-e1148
    • Williams, D.1    Hall, M.2    Shah, S.3    Parikh, K.4    Tyler, A.5    Neuman, M.6
  • 55
    • 84896392338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IV Penicillin G is as effective as IV cefuroxime in treating community-acquired pneumonia in children
    • Amarilyo, G., Glatstein, M., Alper, A., Scolnik, D., Lavie, M., Schneebaum, N., et al. IV Penicillin G is as effective as IV cefuroxime in treating community-acquired pneumonia in children. Am J Ther 21 (2014), 81–84.
    • (2014) Am J Ther , vol.21 , pp. 81-84
    • Amarilyo, G.1    Glatstein, M.2    Alper, A.3    Scolnik, D.4    Lavie, M.5    Schneebaum, N.6
  • 56
    • 36749102470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled equivalence trial
    • Atkinson, M., Lakhanpaul, M., Smyth, A., Vyas, H., Weston, V., Sithole, J., et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled equivalence trial. Thorax 62 (2007), 1102–1106.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 1102-1106
    • Atkinson, M.1    Lakhanpaul, M.2    Smyth, A.3    Vyas, H.4    Weston, V.5    Sithole, J.6
  • 57
    • 77951183403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral versus i.v. antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children: a cost-minimisation analysis
    • Lorgelly, P.K., Atkinson, M., Lakhanpaul, M., Smyth, A.R., Vyas, H., Weston, V., et al. Oral versus i.v. antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children: a cost-minimisation analysis. Eur Respir J 35 (2010), 858–864.
    • (2010) Eur Respir J , vol.35 , pp. 858-864
    • Lorgelly, P.K.1    Atkinson, M.2    Lakhanpaul, M.3    Smyth, A.R.4    Vyas, H.5    Weston, V.6
  • 58
    • 80051538377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study
    • Ribeiro, C., Ferrari, G., Fioretto, J., Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 29 (2011), 444–450.
    • (2011) Rev Panam Salud Publica , vol.29 , pp. 444-450
    • Ribeiro, C.1    Ferrari, G.2    Fioretto, J.3
  • 59
    • 77950158310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course versus long-course intravenous therapy with the same antibiotic for severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged two months to 59 months
    • Lassi, Z., Imdad, A., Bhutta, Z., Short-course versus long-course intravenous therapy with the same antibiotic for severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged two months to 59 months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 6, 2015, CD008032.
    • (2015) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.6 , pp. CD008032
    • Lassi, Z.1    Imdad, A.2    Bhutta, Z.3
  • 60
    • 84892959471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course antibiotic treatment for community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in ambulatory children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Greenberg, D., Givon Lavi, N., Sadaka, Y., Ben Shimol, S., Bar Ziv, J., Dagan, R., Short-course antibiotic treatment for community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in ambulatory children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 33 (2014), 136–142.
    • (2014) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.33 , pp. 136-142
    • Greenberg, D.1    Givon Lavi, N.2    Sadaka, Y.3    Ben Shimol, S.4    Bar Ziv, J.5    Dagan, R.6
  • 61
    • 44949211451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months
    • Haider, B., Saeed, M., Bhutta, Z., Short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008.
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Haider, B.1    Saeed, M.2    Bhutta, Z.3
  • 62
    • 0037077849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of 3 days versus 5 days of oral amoxicillin for treatment of childhood pneumonia: a multicentre double-blind trial
    • Pakistan Multicentre Amoxycillin Short Course Therapy (MASCOT) pneumonia study group, Clinical efficacy of 3 days versus 5 days of oral amoxicillin for treatment of childhood pneumonia: a multicentre double-blind trial. Lancet 360 (2002), 835–841.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 835-841
    • Pakistan Multicentre Amoxycillin Short Course Therapy (MASCOT) pneumonia study group1
  • 63
    • 84902491825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial
    • Vilas Boas, A., Fontoura, M., Xavier Souza, G., Araújo Neto, C., Andrade, S., Brim, R., et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 69 (2014), 1954–1959.
    • (2014) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.69 , pp. 1954-1959
    • Vilas Boas, A.1    Fontoura, M.2    Xavier Souza, G.3    Araújo Neto, C.4    Andrade, S.5    Brim, R.6
  • 64
    • 0037417048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia
    • Fonseca, W., Hoppu, K., Rey, L., Amaral, J., Qazi, S., Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 (2003), 997–1001.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 997-1001
    • Fonseca, W.1    Hoppu, K.2    Rey, L.3    Amaral, J.4    Qazi, S.5
  • 65
    • 19944430650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of standard versus double dose cotrimoxazole for childhood pneumonia in Pakistan
    • Rasmussen, Z., Bari, A., Qazi, S., Rehman, G., Azam, I., Khan, S., et al. Randomized controlled trial of standard versus double dose cotrimoxazole for childhood pneumonia in Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ 83 (2005), 10–19.
    • (2005) Bull World Health Organ , vol.83 , pp. 10-19
    • Rasmussen, Z.1    Bari, A.2    Qazi, S.3    Rehman, G.4    Azam, I.5    Khan, S.6
  • 66
    • 85006234908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjunct systemic corticosteroid therapy in children with community-acquired pneumonia in the outpatient setting
    • Ambroggio, L., Test, M., Metlay, J., Graf, T., Blosky, M., Macaluso, M., et al. Adjunct systemic corticosteroid therapy in children with community-acquired pneumonia in the outpatient setting. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 4 (2015), 21–27.
    • (2015) J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc , vol.4 , pp. 21-27
    • Ambroggio, L.1    Test, M.2    Metlay, J.3    Graf, T.4    Blosky, M.5    Macaluso, M.6
  • 67
    • 79551510127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjunct corticosteroids in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Weiss, A., Hall, M., Lee, G., Kronman, M., Sheffler Collins, S., Shah, S., Adjunct corticosteroids in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatrics 127 (2011), e255–e263.
    • (2011) Pediatrics , vol.127 , pp. e255-e263
    • Weiss, A.1    Hall, M.2    Lee, G.3    Kronman, M.4    Sheffler Collins, S.5    Shah, S.6
  • 68
    • 84872414822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of methylprednisolone in children with severe community acquired pneumonia
    • Nagy, B., Gaspar, I., Papp, A., Bene, Z., Voko, Z., Balla, G., Efficacy of methylprednisolone in children with severe community acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol 48 (2013), 168–175.
    • (2013) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.48 , pp. 168-175
    • Nagy, B.1    Gaspar, I.2    Papp, A.3    Bene, Z.4    Voko, Z.5    Balla, G.6
  • 69
    • 84961284028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic steroid treatment for severe expanding pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Lavi, E., Shoseyov, D., Simanovsky, N., Brooks, R., Systemic steroid treatment for severe expanding pneumococcal pneumonia. Case Rep Pediatr, 2015, 2015, 186302.
    • (2015) Case Rep Pediatr , vol.2015 , pp. 186302
    • Lavi, E.1    Shoseyov, D.2    Simanovsky, N.3    Brooks, R.4
  • 71
    • 84898669638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments
    • Jefferson, T., Jones, M., Doshi, P., Spencer, E., Onakpoya, I., Heneghan, C., Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments. BMJ, 348, 2014, g2545.
    • (2014) BMJ , vol.348 , pp. g2545
    • Jefferson, T.1    Jones, M.2    Doshi, P.3    Spencer, E.4    Onakpoya, I.5    Heneghan, C.6
  • 72
    • 84927912729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment for children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia after oral therapy
    • Breuer, O., Blich, O., Cohen Cymberknoh, M., Averbuch, D., Kharasch, S., Shoseyov, D., et al. Antibiotic treatment for children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia after oral therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol 50 (2015), 495–502.
    • (2015) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.50 , pp. 495-502
    • Breuer, O.1    Blich, O.2    Cohen Cymberknoh, M.3    Averbuch, D.4    Kharasch, S.5    Shoseyov, D.6
  • 73
    • 84861527499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic therapy for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: do we know when, what and for how long to treat?
    • Esposito, S., Cohen, R., Domingo, J., Pecurariu, O., Greenberg, D., Heininger, U., et al. Antibiotic therapy for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: do we know when, what and for how long to treat?. Pediatr Infect Dis J 31 (2012), e78–e85.
    • (2012) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.31 , pp. e78-e85
    • Esposito, S.1    Cohen, R.2    Domingo, J.3    Pecurariu, O.4    Greenberg, D.5    Heininger, U.6
  • 74
    • 85050577604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema
    • Stockmann, C., Ampofo, K., Pavia, A., Byington, C., Sheng, X., Greene, T., et al. Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema. Hosp Pediatr, 2015.
    • (2015) Hosp Pediatr
    • Stockmann, C.1    Ampofo, K.2    Pavia, A.3    Byington, C.4    Sheng, X.5    Greene, T.6
  • 75
    • 85008312146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous versus oral antibiotics for postdischarge treatment of complicated pneumonia
    • Epub 2016 Nov 17
    • Shah, S.S., Srivastava, R., Wu, S., Colvin, J.D., Williams, D.J., Rangel, S.J., et al. Intravenous versus oral antibiotics for postdischarge treatment of complicated pneumonia. Pediatrics, 138, 2016, e20161692 Epub 2016 Nov 17.
    • (2016) Pediatrics , vol.138 , pp. e20161692
    • Shah, S.S.1    Srivastava, R.2    Wu, S.3    Colvin, J.D.4    Williams, D.J.5    Rangel, S.J.6
  • 76
    • 67349245460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice: treatment of childhood empyema
    • Proesmans, M., De Boeck, K., Clinical practice: treatment of childhood empyema. Eur J Pediatr 168 (2009), 639–645.
    • (2009) Eur J Pediatr , vol.168 , pp. 639-645
    • Proesmans, M.1    De Boeck, K.2
  • 77
    • 79954510189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the causes, investigation and management of empyema in childhood
    • Walker, W., Wheeler, R., Legg, J., Update on the causes, investigation and management of empyema in childhood. Arch Dis Child 96 (2011), 482–488.
    • (2011) Arch Dis Child , vol.96 , pp. 482-488
    • Walker, W.1    Wheeler, R.2    Legg, J.3
  • 78
    • 4344687514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in the design of antibiotic equivalency studies: the multicenter equivalency study of oral amoxicillin versus injectable penicillin in children aged 3–59 months with severe pneumonia
    • Hibberd, P., Patel, A., Challenges in the design of antibiotic equivalency studies: the multicenter equivalency study of oral amoxicillin versus injectable penicillin in children aged 3–59 months with severe pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 39 (2004), 526–531.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 526-531
    • Hibberd, P.1    Patel, A.2
  • 79
    • 78650844936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding fever to WHO criteria for diagnosing pneumonia enhances the ability to identify pneumonia cases among wheezing children
    • Cardoso, M., Nascimento Carvalho, C., Ferrero, F., Alves, F., Cousens, S., Adding fever to WHO criteria for diagnosing pneumonia enhances the ability to identify pneumonia cases among wheezing children. Arch Dis Child 96 (2011), 58–61.
    • (2011) Arch Dis Child , vol.96 , pp. 58-61
    • Cardoso, M.1    Nascimento Carvalho, C.2    Ferrero, F.3    Alves, F.4    Cousens, S.5
  • 80
    • 84942123982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a decision rule for using antibiotics in children with pneumonia and vaccinated against pneumococcus. A randomized controlled trial
    • Ferrero, F., Adrián Torres, F., Domínguez, P., Ossorio, M., Efficacy and safety of a decision rule for using antibiotics in children with pneumonia and vaccinated against pneumococcus. A randomized controlled trial. Arch Argent Pediatr 113 (2015), 397–403.
    • (2015) Arch Argent Pediatr , vol.113 , pp. 397-403
    • Ferrero, F.1    Adrián Torres, F.2    Domínguez, P.3    Ossorio, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.