Benchmarking System-Level Performance of Passive and Active Plasmonic Components: Integrated Circuit Approach

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 104, Issue 12, 2016, Pages 2338-2348

  Krasavin, Alexey V ^a   Zayats, Anatoly V ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Electro optical modulators; figure of merit; integrated photonic circuits; nanophotonics; on chip optical communication; plasmonics

Indexed keywords

BANDWIDTH; BENCHMARKING; ENERGY UTILIZATION; LIGHT MODULATION; LIGHT MODULATORS; NANOPHOTONICS; OPTICAL COMMUNICATION; OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; PLASMONICS; TIMING CIRCUITS; WAVEGUIDES;

ELECTROOPTICAL MODULATORS; FIGURE OF MERITS; INTEGRATED PHOTONIC CIRCUIT; ON CHIPS; PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; PLASMONIC CIRCUITRIES; SYSTEM-LEVEL PERFORMANCE; WAVEGUIDE CHARACTERISTIC;

PHOTONIC INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 85027416015     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: 15582256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2603118     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. D. A. B. Miller, "Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 728-749, 2000.
2. C. Sun et al., "Single-chip microprocessor that communicates Directly using light," Nature, vol. 528, pp. 534-538, 2015.
3. M. J. Kobrinsky et al., "On-chip optical interconnects," Intel Tech. J., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 129-141, 2004.
4. P. M. Watts, S. W. Moore, and A. W. Moore, "Energy implications of photonic networks with speculative transmission," J. Opt. Commun. Netw., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 503-513, 2012.
5. S. Liu et al., "Low latency optical switch for high performance computing with minimized processor energy load," J. Opt. Commun. Netw., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. A498-A510, 2015.
6. A. V. Zayats, I. I. Smolyaninov, and A. A. MaraduDin, "Nano-optics of surface plasmon polaritons," Phys. Rep., vol. 408, no. 3-4, pp. 131-314, 2005.
7. J. Takahara and T. Kobayashi, "From subwavelength optics to nano-optics," Opt. Photon. News, 54-59, Oct. 2004.
8. A. V. Krasavin and A. V. Zayats, "Photonic signal processing on electronic scales: Electro-optical field-effect nanoplasmonic modulator," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, 2012, Art. no. 053901.
9. K. F. MacDonald and N. I. Zheludev, "Active plasmonics: Current status," Laser Photon. Rev., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 562-567, 2000.
10. C. Haffner et al., "All-plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale," Nature Photon., vol. 9, pp. 525-528, 2015.
11. M. I. Stockman, "Nanoplasmonics: Past, present, and glimpse into future," Opt. Exp., vol. 19, no. 22, pp. 22029-22106, 2011.
12. K. F. MacDonald, Z. L. Sámson, M. I. Stockman, and N. I. Zheludev, "Ultrafast active plasmonics," Nature Photon., vol. 3, pp. 55-58, 2009.
13. A. Degiron et al., "Experimental comparison between conventional and hybrid long-range surface plasmon waveguide bends," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 77, 2008, Art. no. 021804(R).
14. A. V. Krasavin and A. V. Zayats, "Numerical analysis of long-range surface plasmon polariton modes in nanoscale plasmonic waveguides," Opt. Lett., vol. 35, no. 13, pp. 2118-2120, 2010.
15. T. Holmgaard et al., "Bend and splitting loss of Dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides," Opt. Exp., vol. 16, no. 18, pp. 13585-13592, 2008.
16. V. J. Sorger et al., "Experimental demonstration of low-loss optical waveguiDing at deep sub-wavelength scales," Nature Commun., vol. 2, Art. no. 331, 2011.
17. H.-S. Chu, E.-P. Li, P. Bai, and R. Hegde, "Optical performance of single-mode hybrid Dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide-based components," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, 2010, Art. no. 221103.
18. A. V. Krasavin and A. V. Zayats, "GuiDing light at the nanoscale: numerical optimization of ultrasubwavelength metallic wire plasmonic waveguides," Opt. Lett., vol. 36, no. 16, pp. 3127-3129, 2011.
19. T. R. Buckley and P. Berini, "Figures of merit for 2D surface plasmon waveguides and application to metal stripes," Opt. Exp., vol. 15, no. 19, pp. 12174-12182, 2007.
20. R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, "Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes," New J. Phys., vol. 10, 2008, Art. no. 105018.
21. A. V. Krasavin and A. V. Zayats, "Silicon-based plasmonic waveguides," Opt. Exp., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 11791-11799, 2010.
22. A. V. Krasavin and A. V. Zayats, "Passive photonic elements based on Dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 90, 2007, Art. no. 211101.
23. A. V. Krasavin and A. V. Zayats, "Three-Dimensional numerical modeling of photonic integration with Dielectric-loaded SPP waveguides," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 78, 2008, Art. no. 045425.
24. M. Georgas, J. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, and V. Stojanović, "A monolithically-integrated optical receiver in standard 45-nm SOI," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1693-1602, 2012.
25. S. J. OrfaniDis, Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas. New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Rutgers Univ., 2008.
26. D. Yu. Fedyanin, A. V. Krasavin, A. V. Arsenin, and A. V. Zayats, "Surface plasmon polariton amplification upon electrical injection in highly integrated plasmonic circuits," Nano Lett., vol. 12, pp. 2459-2463, 2012.
27. D. A. B. Miller, "Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 728-749, 2000.
28. S. Manipatruni, M. Lipson, and I. A. Young, "Device Scaling Considerations for Nanophotonic CMOS Global Interconnects," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 19, no. 2, 2013, Art. no. 8200109.
29. E. D. Palik, ed., Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. New York, NY, USA: Academic, 1998.
30. C. P. T. McPolin et al., "Integrated plasmonic circuitry on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser platform," Nature Commun., vol. 7, Art. no. 12409, 2016.
31. D. Fedyanin, A. V. Krasavin, A. Arsenin, and A. Zayats, "Electrically pumped coherent surface plasmon polariton source integrated on a chip," in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Surface Plasmon Photon., 2015, Art. no. Mo-01-P-33.
32. R. F. Oulton et al., "Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale," Nature, vol. 461, pp. 629-632, 2009.
33. K. Liu, C. R. Ye, S. Khan, and V. J. Sorger, "Review and perspective on ultrafast wavelength-size electro-optic modulators," Laser Photon. Rev., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 172-194, 2015.
34. A. Melikyan et al., "High-speed plasmonic phase modulators," Nature Photon., vol. 8, pp. 229-233, 2014.
35. H. W. Lee et al., "Nanoscale conducting oxide PlasMOStor," Nano Lett., vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 6463-6468, 2014.
36. C. Lin and A. S. Helmy, "Dynamically reconfigurable nanoscale modulators utilizing coupled hybrid plasmonics," Sci. Rep., vol. 5, Art. no. 12313, 2015.
37. D. A. B. Miller, "Energy consumption in optical modulators for interconnects," Opt. Exp., vol. 20, pp. A293-A308, 2012.
38. P. Dong et al., "Low Vpp, ultralow-energy, compact, high-speed silicon electro-optic modulator," Opt. Exp., vol. 17, no. 25, pp. 22484-22490, 2009.
39. D. Feng et al., "High speed GeSi electro-absorption modulator at 1550 nm wavelength on SOI waveguide," Opt. Exp., vol. 20, no. 20, pp. 22224-22232, 2012.
40. R. Ding et al., "Demonstration of a low V-L modulator with GHz bandwidth based on electro-optic polymer-clad silicon slot waveguides," Opt. Exp., vol. 18, pp. 15618-15623, 2010.
41. K. Yoshida, Y. Kanda, and S. Kohjiro, "A traveling-wave-type LiNbO optical modulator with superconducting electrodes," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, pp. 1201-1205, 1999.
42. R. C. Alferness, S. K. Korotky, L. L. Buhl, and M. D. Divino, "High-speed low-loss low-drive-power travelling-wave optical modulator for - 1:32 -m," Electron. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 354-355, 1984.
43. V. E. Babicheva, I. V. Kulkova, R. Malureanu, K. Yvinf, and A. V. Lavrinenko, "Plasmonic modulator based on gain-assisted metal-semiconductor-metal waveguide," Photon. Nano. Fund. Appl., vol. 10, pp. 389-399, 2012.
44. C. Koos et al., "All-optical high-speed signal processing with silicon-organic hybrid slot waveguides," Nature Photon., vol. 3, pp. 216-219, 2009.
45. A. D. Neira, G. A. Wurtz, P. Ginzburg, and A. V. Zayats, "Ultrafast all-optical modulation with hyperbolic metamaterial integrated in Si photonic circuitry," Opt. Exp., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 10987-10994, 2014.
46. M. Hochberg et al., "Terahertz all-optical modulation in a silicon-polymer hybrid system," Nature Mater., vol. 5, pp. 703-709, 2006.
47. G. A. Wurtz et al., "Designed ultrafast optical nonlinearity in a plasmonic nanorod metamaterial enhanced by nonlocality," Nature Nanotechnol., vol. 6, pp. 107-111, 2011.
48. N. C. Harris et al., "Efficient, compact and low loss thermo-optic phase shifter in silicon," Opt. Exp., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 10487-10493, 2014.
49. J. Gosciniak, L. Markey, A. Dereux, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, "Efficient thermo-optically controlled Mach-Zhender interferometers using Dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides," Opt. Exp., vol. 20, no. 15, pp. 16300-16309, 2012.
50. B. S. Dennis et al., "Compact nanomechanical plasmonic phase modulators," Nature Photon., vol. 9, pp. 267-273, 2014.
51. J.-Y, Ou, E. Plum, J. Zhang, and N. I. Zheludev, "Giant nonlinearity of an optically reconigurable plasmonic metamaterial," Adv. Mater., vol. 28, pp. 729-733, 2016.
52. A. S. Shalin, P. Ginzburg, P. A. Belov, Y. S. Kivshar, and A. V. Zayats, "Nano-opto-mechanical effects in plasmonic waveguides," Laser Photon. Rev., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 31-36, 2014.
53. Y. Akihama and K. Hane, "Single and multiple optical switches that use freestanDing silicon nanowire waveguide couplers," Light Sci. Appl., vol. 1, 2012, Art. no. e12.
54. V. E. Babicheva et al., "Towards CMOS-compatible nanophotonics: Ultra-compact modulators using alternative plasmonic materials," Opt. Exp., vol. 21, no. 22, pp. 27326-27337, 2013.