Chemical analysis

Seafood and Freshwater Toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Detection, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 177-196

  Ben Gigirey, Begoña ^a   Villar González, Adriano ^a  

^a EU Community Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85026863753     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (72)

1. Luckas, B., Phycotoxins in seafood—toxicological and chromatographic aspects, J. Chromatog., 624, 439, 1992.
2. Shimizu, Y., Chemistry and mechanism of action, in Seafood and Freshwater Toxins, Botana, L.M. Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York-Basel, 2000, 151.
3. Sommer, H. and Meyer K.F., Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Arch. Pathol., 24, 560, 1937.
4. AOAC, Paralytic Shellfish Poison, biological method, final action, method 959.08, in Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Helrich, K. Ed., Arlington, VA, 1990, 881.
5. Fernandez, M.L., Richard, D.J.A., and Cembella, A.D., In vivo assays for phycotoxins, in Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae, Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., and Cembella, A.D., Eds., UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 2004, 347.
6. Botana, L.M. et al., Phycotoxins, in Handbook of Food Analysis, Nollet, L.M.L., Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York-Basel, 2004, 911.
7. Luckas, B., Hummert, C., and Oshima, Y., Analytical methods for paralytic shellfish poisons, in Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae, Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., and Cembella, A.D., Eds., UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 2004, 191.
8. Bates, H.A. and Rapoport, H., A chemical assay for saxitoxin, the paralytic shellfish poison, J. Agric. Food Chem., 23, 237, 1975.
9. Indrasena, W.M. and Gill, T.A., Fluorometric detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, Anal. Biochem. 264, 230, 1998.
10. Gerdts, G. et al., A fast fluorimetric assay (FFA) for the detection of saxitoxin in natural phytoplankton samples, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 230, 29, 2002.
11. Kele, P. et al., Spectroscopic detection of saxitoxin: An alternative to mouse bioassay, Chem. Commun., 14, 1494, 2006.
12. Gawley, R.E. et al., Anthracylmethyl crown ethers as fluorescence sensors of saxitoxin, Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 5461, 1999.
13. Wang, S.P. et al., Amphiphilic anthracyl crown ether. A Langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer films study, Langmuir, 16, 4607, 2000.
14. Gawley, R.E. et al., Selective detection of saxitoxin over tetrodotoxin using acridinylmethyl crown ether chemosensor, Toxicon, 45, 783, 2005.
15. Orbulescu, J. et al., Synthesis and spectroscopy of coumarin derivatives for saxitoxin detection, J. Mater. Chem., 15, 3084, 2005.
16. Boyer, G.L., Janiszewski, J.J., and Hu, X., A comparison of electrochemical methods for the analysis of PSP toxins, in Harmful Algae, Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernandez, M.L., and Wyatt, T. Eds., Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Santiago de Compostela, 1998, 515.
17. Buckley, L.J., Oshima, Y., and Shimizu, Y., Construction of a paralytic shellfish toxin analyzer and its application, Anal. Biochem., 85, 157, 1978.
18. Sullivan, J.J. and Wekell M.M., Determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by high pressure liquid chromatography, in Seafood Toxins, Ragelis E.P., Ed., ACS, Washington DC, 1984, 197.
19. Sullivan, J.J., Wekell M.M., and Kentala, L.L., Application of HPLC for the determination of PSP toxins in shellfish, J. Food Sci., 50, 26, 1985.
20. Sullivan, J.J. and Wekell M.M., The application of HPLC in a PSP monitoring program, in Proc. Int. Symp. Seafood Quality Determination, Kramer, D.E. and Liston, J., Eds., University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Anchorage, 1987, 357.
21. Luckas, B., Thielert, G., and Peters, K., Zur problematic der selektiven erfassung von PSP-toxinen aus muscheln, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 190, 491, 1990.
22. Yu, R.C., et al., A modified HPLC method for analysis of PSP toxins in algae and shellfish from China, Chromatographia, 48, 671, 1998.
23. Oshima, Y., et al., Liquid chromatographic-fluorometric analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins, Agric. Biol. Chem., 48, 1707, 1984.
24. Oshima, Y., et al., Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum as the source of paralytic shellfish toxins in Tasmanian shellfish, Toxicon, 25, 1105, 1987.
25. Oshima, Y., Sugino, K., and Yasumoto T., Latest advances in HPLC analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins, in Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins 88, a Collection of Invited Papers Presented at the VIIInternational IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, Natori, S., Hashimoto, K., and Ueno, Y. Eds., Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1989, 319.
26. Franco, J.M and Fernandez-Vila P., Separation of paralytic shellfish toxins by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, with postcolumn reaction and fluorimetric detection, Chromatographia, 35, 613, 1993.
27. Oshima, Y., Postcolumn derivatization liquid chromatographic method for paralytic shellfish toxins, J. AOAC Int., 78, 528, 1995.
28. Asp, T.N., Larsen, S., and Aune, T., Analysis if PSP toxins in Norwegian mussels by a post-column derivatization HPLC method, Toxicon, 43, 319, 2004.
29. Hummert, C. et al., Analysis of the characteristic PSP profiles of Pyrodinium bahamense and several strains of Alexandrium by HPLC based on ion-pair chromatographic separation, post-column oxidation, and fluorescence detection, Chromatographia, 45, 312, 1997.
30. Papageorgiou, J., et al., Analysis of cyanobacterial-derived saxitoxins using high-performance ion exchange chromatography with chemical oxidation/fluorescence detection, Environ. Toxicol., 20, 549, 2005.
31. Diener, M., et al., Determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in dietary supplements by application of a new HPLC/FD method, Eu. Food Res. Technol., 224, 147, 2006.
32. Boyer, G.L. and Goddard, G.D., High performance liquid chromatography coupled with post-column electrochemical oxidation for the detection of PSP toxins, Nat. Toxins, 7, 353, 1999.
33. Jaime, E., et al., Determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A., 929, 43, 2001.
34. CEN, European Standard, TC 275 WI 002750104, Foodstuffs—determination of saxitoxin and dc-saxitoxin in mussels—HPLC method using pre-column derivatization with peroxide or periodate oxidation, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2003.
35. Lawrence, J.F. and Menard, C., Liquid chromatographic determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish after prechromatographic oxidation, J. AOAC, 74, 1006, 1991.
36. Lawrence, J.F., Menard, C., and Cleroux, C., Evaluation of prechromatographic oxidation for liquid chromatographic determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish, J. AOAC Int., 78, 514, 1995.
37. Lawrence, J.F. and Niedzwiadek, B., Quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish by using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, J. AOAC Int., 84, 1099, 2001.
38. Gago-Martmez, A. et al., Effect of pH on the oxidation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins for analysis by liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A., 905, 351, 2001.
39. Lawrence, J.F., Niedzwiadek, B., and Menard, C., Quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: Collaborative study, J. AOAC Int., 88, 1714, 2005.
40. AOAC, paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish, prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, first action 2005, method 2005.06, in Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, p. 83, 2006.
41. Ben-Gigirey, B. et al., Influence of the sample toxic profile on the suitability of a high performance liquid chromatography method for official paralytic shellfish toxins control, J. Chromatogr. A., 1140, 78, 2007.
42. Lagos, N. et al., The first evidence of paralytic shellfish toxins in the fresh water cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, isolated from Brazil, Toxicon, 37, 1359, 1999.
43. Pereira, P. et al., Paralytic shellfish toxins in the freshwater cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, isolated from Montargil reservoir, Portugal, Toxicon, 38, 1689, 2000.
44. Liu, Y. et al., First report of Aphantoxins in China—waterblooms of toxigenic Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Lake Dianchi, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safi, 65, 84, 2006.
45. Dell’Aversano, C., Hess, P., and Quilliam, M.A., Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, J. Chromatogr. A, 1081, 190, 2005.
46. Quilliam, M.A. et al., Ion spray mass spectrometry of marine neurotoxins, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 3, 145, 1989.
47. Quilliam, M.A., Janecek, M., and Lawrence, J.F., Characterization of the oxidation products of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 7, 482, 1993.
48. Reyero, M. et al., Evidence of saxitoxin derivatives as causative agents in the 1997 mass mortality of monk seals in the Cape Blanc peninsula, Nat. Toxins, 7, 311, 1999.
49. Ito, K. et al., Occurrence of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) in the starfish Asterinapectinifera collected from the Kure bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, Toxicon, 41, 291, 2003.
50. Dahlmann, J., Budakowski, W.R., and Luckas, B., Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry based methods for the simultaneous determination of algal and cyanobacterial toxins in phytoplankton from marine waters and lakes followed by tentative structural elucidation of microcystins, J. Chromatogr. A, 994, 45, 2003.
51. Sleno, L. and Volmer, D.A., Gas-phase dissociation reactions of protonated saxitoxin and neosaxo-toxin, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 15, 462, 2004.
52. Sleno, L. and Volmer, D.A., Assigning product ions from complex MS/MS spectra: The importance of mass uncertainty and resolving power, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 16, 183, 2005.
53. Thibault, P., Pleasance, S., and Laycock, M.V., Analysis of paralytic shellfish poisons by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 542, 483, 1991.
54. Buzy, A., Thibault, P., and Layccok, M.V., Development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the characterisation of enzymatic products arising from the carbamoylase digestion of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, J. Chromatogr. A, 688, 301, 1994.
55. Locke, S.J. and Thibault, P., Improvement in detection limits for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish tissues using capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry and discontinuous buffer systems, Anal. Chem., 66, 3436, 1994.
56. Pineiro, N. et al., Capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection as an alternative analytical method for paralytic and amnesic shellfish toxins, J. Chromatogr. A, 847, 223, 1999.
57. Gago-Martinez, A. et al., An application of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of algal toxins from the aquatic environment, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 83, 443, 2003.
58. Wu, Y. et al., Determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense by using isotachophoresis/capillary electrophoresis, J. Sep. Sci., 29, 399, 2006.
59. Chien, R.L., Sample stacking revisited: A personal perspective, Electrophoresis, 24, 486, 2003.
60. Carlson, R.E. et al., Development of immunoassays for paralytic shellfish poisoning, in Seafood Toxins, ACS Symposium Series 262, Ragelis, E.P., Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1984, 181.
61. Yang, G.C. et al., Radioimmunoassay of paralytic shellfish toxins in clams and mussels, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 39, 264, 1987.
62. Chu, F.S. and Fan, T.L., Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for saxitoxin in shellfish, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 68, 13, 1985.
63. Usleber, E., Schnieder, E., and Terplan, G., Direct enzyme immunoassay in microtitration plate and test strip format for the detection of saxitoxin in shellfish, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 13, 275, 1991.
64. Chu, F.S. et al., Screening of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in naturally occurring samples with three different direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Agric. Food Chem., 44, 4043, 1996.
65. Huang, X., Hsu, K.H., and Chu, F.S., Direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin, J. Agri. Food Chem., 44, 1029, 1996.
66. Micheli, L. et al., Production of antibodies and development of highly sensitive formats of enzyme immunoassay for saxitoxin analysis, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 373, 678, 2002.
67. Van Egmond, H.P. et al., Paralytic shellfish poison reference materials: An intercomparison of methods for the determination of saxitoxin, FoodAddit. Contam., 11, 39, 1994.
68. Usleber, E. et al., Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and mouse bioassay for determining paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish, Food Addit. Contam., 14, 193, 1997.
69. O’Neill, S., Gallacher, S., and Riddoch, I., Assessment of a saxitoxin ELISA as a pre-screen for PSP toxins in Mytulis edulis and Pecten maximus, from UK waters, in Harmful Algae, Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernandez, M.L, and Wyatt, T., Eds., Xunta de Galicia and IOC/UNESCO, Vigo, Spain, 1998, 551.
70. Van Dolah, F.M. and Ramsdell, J.S., Review and assessment of in vitro detection methods for algal toxins, J. of AOAC Inter., 84, 1617, 2001.
71. Inami, G.B. et al., Feasibility of reduction in use of the mouse bioassay: Presence/absence screening for saxitoxin in frozen acidified mussel and oyster extracts from the coast of California with in vitro methods, J. AOAC Int., 87, 1133, 2004.
72. Etheridge, S. et al., Detection methods and their limitations: PSP toxins in the southern puffer fish Sphoeroides nephelus responsible for human poisoning events in Florida in 2004, Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 28, 383, 2006.