How to: Establish and run a stool bank

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

Volumn 23, Issue 12, 2017, Pages 924-930

  Terveer, E M ^a   van Beurden, Y H ^b   Goorhuis, A ^c   Seegers, J F M L ^e   Bauer, M P ^a   van Nood, E ^d   Dijkgraaf, M G W ^c   Mulder, C J J ^b   Vandenbroucke Grauls, C M J E ^b   Verspaget, H W ^a   Keller, J J ^a,e   Kuijper, E J ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d Havenziekenhuis   (Netherlands)

^e MC Haaglanden ^*

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile; Faecal microbiota transfer; Faecal microbiota transplantation; Faeces bank; Stool bank

Indexed keywords

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; DONOR; DONOR SELECTION; EXPERIENCE; FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LABORATORY TEST; LAW; NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION; PATIENT SELECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RECURRENT INFECTION; REVIEW; SAFETY PROCEDURE; SCREENING; STOOL BANK; STORAGE; SUSPENSION; BIOBANK; FECES; NETHERLANDS; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; STANDARDS;

BIOLOGICAL SPECIMEN BANKS; FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION; FECES; HUMANS; NETHERLANDS;

EID: 85025591283     PISSN: 1198743X     EISSN: 14690691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.015     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Lawson, P.A., Citron, D.M., Tyrrell, K.L., Finegold, S.M., Reclassification of Clostridium difficile as Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938. Anaerobe 40 (2016), 95–99.
2. Smits, W.K., Lyras, D., Lacy, D.B., Wilcox, M.H., Kuijper, E.J., Clostridium difficile infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2, 2016, 16020.
3. Keller, J.J., Kuijper, E.J., Treatment of recurrent and severe Clostridium difficile infection. Annu Rev Med 66 (2015), 373–386.
4. Seekatz, A.M., Young, V.B., Clostridium difficile and the microbiota. J Clin Investig 124:10 (2014), 4182–4189.
5. van Nood, E., Vrieze, A., Nieuwdorp, M., Fuentes, S., Zoetendal, E.G., de Vos, W.M., et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. New Engl J Med 368:5 (2013), 407–415.
6. Cammarota, G., Masucci, L., Ianiro, G., Bibbo, S., Dinoi, G., Costamagna, G., et al. Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy vs. vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 41:9 (2015), 835–843.
7. Ratner, M., Fecal transplantation poses dilemma for FDA. Nat Biotechnol 32:5 (2014), 401–402.
8. Moore, T., Rodriguez, A., Bakken, J.S., Fecal microbiota transplantation: a practical update for the infectious disease specialist. Clin Infect Dis 58:4 (2014), 541–545.
9. Hecht, G.A., Blaser, M.J., Gordon, J., Kaplan, L.M., Knight, R., Laine, L., et al. What is the value of a food and drug administration investigational new drug application for fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Clostridium difficile Infection?. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:2 (2014), 289–291.
10. Vyas, D., Aekka, A., Vyas, A., Fecal transplant policy and legislation. World J Gastroenterol 21:1 (2015), 6–11.
11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry: enforcement policy regarding investigational new drug requirements for use of fecal microbiota for transplantation to treat clostridium difficile infection not responsive to standard therapies. 2013 http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/Vaccines/ucm361379.htm.
12. Smith, M.B., Kelly, C., Alm, E.J., Policy: how to regulate faecal transplants. Nature 506:7488 (2014), 290–291.
13. Kassam, Z., Lee, C.H., Yuan, Y., Hunt, R.H., Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 108:4 (2013), 500–508.
14. Bakken, J.S., Borody, T., Brandt, L.J., Brill, J.V., Demarco, D.C., Franzos, M.A., et al. Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:12 (2011), 1044–1049.
15. Youngster, I., Sauk, J., Pindar, C., Wilson, R.G., Kaplan, J.L., Smith, M.B., et al. Fecal microbiota transplant for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors: a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study. Clin Infect Dis 58:11 (2014), 1515–1522.
16. World Health Organization. Blood transfusion safety. http://www.who.int/bloodsafety/voluntary_donation/en/.
17. Anand, R., Song, Y., Garg, S., Girotra, M., Sinha, A., Sivaraman, A., et al. Effect of aging on the composition of fecal microbiota in donors for FMT and its impact on clinical outcomes. Dig Dis Sci 62:4 (2017), 1002–1008.
18. Reijnders, D., Goossens, G.H., Hermes, G.D., Neis, E.P., van der Beek, C.M., Most, J., et al. Effects of gut microbiota manipulation by antibiotics on host metabolism in obese humans: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Cell Metab 24:1 (2016), 63–74.
19. Alang, N., Kelly, C.R., Weight gain after fecal microbiota transplantation. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2(1), 2015 ofv004.
20. Turnbaugh, P.J., Ley, R.E., Mahowald, M.A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E.R., Gordon, J.I., An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444:7122 (2006), 1027–1031.
21. Michail, S., Durbin, M., Turner, D., Griffiths, A.M., Mack, D.R., Hyams, J., et al. Alterations in the gut microbiome of children with severe ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 18:10 (2012), 1799–1808.
22. Rosenfeld, C.S., Microbiome disturbances and autism spectrum disorders. Drug Metab Dispos 43:10 (2015), 1557–1571.
23. Brandt, L.J., Aroniadis, O.C., An overview of fecal microbiota transplantation: techniques, indications, and outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc 78:2 (2013), 240–249.
24. Mattila, E., Uusitalo-Seppala, R., Wuorela, M., Lehtola, L., Nurmi, H., Ristikankare, M., et al. Fecal transplantation, through colonoscopy, is effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology 142:3 (2012), 490–496.
25. Hamilton, M.J., Weingarden, A.R., Sadowsky, M.J., Khoruts, A., Standardized frozen preparation for transplantation of fecal microbiota for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol 107:5 (2012), 761–767.
26. Woodworth, M.H., Carpentieri, C., Sitchenko, K.L., Kraft, C.S., Challenges in fecal donor selection and screening for fecal microbiota transplantation: a review. Gut Microbe 8:3 (2017), 225–237.
27. Cammarota, G., Ianiro, G., Tilg, H., Rajilic-Stojanovic, M., Kump, P., Satokari, R., et al. European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut 66:4 (2017), 569–580.
28. Kazerouni, A., Burgess, J., Burns, L.J., Wein, L.M., Optimal screening and donor management in a public stool bank. Microbiome, 3, 2015, 75.
29. Lion, T., Adenovirus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev 27:3 (2014), 441–462.
30. Pons-Salort, M., Parker, E.P., Grassly, N.C., The epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses: recent advances and outstanding questions. Curr Opin Infect Dis 28:5 (2015), 479–487.
31. Harvala, H., Simmonds, P., Human parechoviruses: biology, epidemiology and clinical significance. J Clin Virol 45:1 (2009), 1–9.
32. Bowles, N.E., Ni, J., Kearney, D.L., Pauschinger, M., Schultheiss, H.P., McCarthy, R., et al. Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:3 (2003), 466–472.
33. Hogema, B.M., Molier, M., Sjerps, M., de Waal, M., van Swieten, P., van de Laar, T., et al. Incidence and duration of hepatitis E virus infection in Dutch blood donors. Transfusion 56:3 (2016), 722–728.
34. Garcia, L.S., Dientamoeba fragilis, one of the Neglected intestinal Protozoa. J Clin Microbiol 54:9 (2016), 2243–2250.
35. Holtman, G.A., Kranenberg, J.J., Blanker, M.H., Ott, A., Lisman-van Leeuwen, Y., Berger, M.Y., Dientamoeba fragilis colonization is not associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in children at primary care level. Fam Pract 34:1 (2017), 25–29.
36. Turkeltaub, J.A., McCarty, T.R. 3rd, Hotez, P.J., The intestinal protozoa: emerging impact on global health and development. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 31:1 (2015), 38–44.
37. Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet, L.E., Dullaert-de Boer, M., Ruijs, G.J., van der Reijden, W.A., van der Zanden, A.G., Weel, J.F., et al. Case-control comparison of bacterial and protozoan microorganisms associated with gastroenteritis: application of molecular detection. Clin Microbiol Infect, 21(6), 2015 592.e9–19.
38. Windsor, J.J., Macfarlane, L., Hughes-Thapa, G., Jones, S.K., Whiteside, T.M., Incidence of Blastocystis hominis in faecal samples submitted for routine microbiological analysis. Br J Biomed Sci 59:3 (2002), 154–157.
39. Lepczynska, M., Bialkowska, J., Dzika, E., Piskorz-Ogorek, K., Korycinska, J., Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2017 Mar 22, 10.1007/s10096-017-2965-0 [Epub ahead of print].
40. Gough, E., Shaikh, H., Manges, A.R., Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 53:10 (2011), 994–1002.
41. Lee, C.H., Steiner, T., Petrof, E.O., Smieja, M., Roscoe, D., Nematallah, A., et al. Frozen vs fresh fecal microbiota transplantation and clinical resolution of diarrhea in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 315:2 (2016), 142–149.
42. Crobach, M.J., Planche, T., Eckert, C., Barbut, F., Terveer, E.M., Dekkers, O.M., et al. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: update of the diagnostic guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 22:Suppl. 4 (2016), S63–S81.
43. Bagdasarian, N., Rao, K., Malani, P.N., Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in adults: a systematic review. JAMA 313:4 (2015), 398–408.
44. Beurden van, Y.H., Nieuwdorp, M., Berg van de, P.J.E.J., Mulder, C.J.J., Goorhuis, A., Current challenges in the treatment of severe Clostridium difficile infection: early treatment potential of fecal microbiota transplantation. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 10:4 (2017), 373–381.
45. Wilcox, M.H., Gerding, D.N., Poxton, I.R., Kelly, C., Nathan, R., Birch, T., et al. Bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. New Engl J Med 376:4 (2017), 305–317.
46. Saeedi, B.J., Morison, D.G., Kraft, C.S., Dhere, T., Fecal microbiota transplant for Clostridium difficile infection in a pregnant patient. Obstet Gynecol 129:3 (2017), 507–509.
47. Satokari, R., Mattila, E., Kainulainen, V., Arkkila, P.E., Simple faecal preparation and efficacy of frozen inoculum in faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection–an observational cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 41:1 (2015), 46–53.
48. Gweon, T.G., Kim, J., Lim, C.H., Park, J.M., Lee, D.G., Lee, I.S., et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation using upper gastrointestinal tract for the treatment of refractory or severe complicated Clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients in poor medical condition: the first study in an Asian Country. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2016, 2016, 2687605.
49. Aas, J., Gessert, C.E., Bakken, J.S., Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis: case series involving 18 patients treated with donor stool administered via a nasogastric tube. Clin Infect Dis 36:5 (2003), 580–585.
50. Postigo, R., Kim, J.H., Colonoscopic versus nasogastric fecal transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a review and pooled analysis. Infection 40:6 (2012), 643–648.
51. Terveer, E.M., van Beurden, Y.H., van Dorp, S., Keller, J.J., Kuijper, E.J., Is the lower gastrointestinal route really preferred over the upper gastrointestinal route for fecal microbiota transfer?. J Clin Gastroenterol, 50(10), 2016, 895.
52. Beurden van, Y.H., Groot de, P.F., Nood van, E., Nieuwdorp, M., Keller, J.J., Goorhuis, A., Complications, effectiveness, and long term follow-up of fecal microbiota transfer by nasoduodenal tube for treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. United Eur Gastroenterol J, 2016, 1–12, 10.1177/2050640616678099 (in press).
53. Lee, C.H., Belanger, J.E., Kassam, Z., Smieja, M., Higgins, D., Broukhanski, G., et al. The outcome and long-term follow-up of 94 patients with recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection using single to multiple fecal microbiota transplantation via retention enema. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 33:8 (2014), 1425–1428.
54. Paramsothy, S., Borody, T.J., Lin, E., Finlayson, S., Walsh, A.J., Samuel, D., et al. Donor recruitment for fecal microbiota transplantation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 21:7 (2015), 1600–1606.
55. Tariq, R., Weatherly, R., Kammer, P., Pardi, D.S., Khanna, S., Donor screening experience for fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent C. difficile infection. J Clin Gastroenterol, 0(0), 2016 [Epub ahead of print].
56. Burns, L.J., Dubois, N., Smith, M.B., Mendolia, G.M., Burgess, J., Edelstein, C., et al. Donor recruitment and eligibility for fecal microbiota transplantation: results from an international public stool bank. Gastroenterology 148:4 (2015), S96–S97.
57. Willing, B.P., Russell, S.L., Finlay, B.B., Shifting the balance: antibiotic effects on host-microbiota mutualism. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:4 (2011), 233–243.
58. Robinson, C.J., Young, V.B., Antibiotic administration alters the community structure of the gastrointestinal micobiota. Gut Microbe 1:4 (2010), 279–284.
59. Codling, C., O'Mahony, L., Shanahan, F., Quigley, E.M., Marchesi, J.R., A molecular analysis of fecal and mucosal bacterial communities in irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 55:2 (2010), 392–397.
60. Hold, G.L., Smith, M., Grange, C., Watt, E.R., El-Omar, E.M., Mukhopadhya, I., Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: what have we learnt in the past 10 years?. World J Gastroenterol 20:5 (2014), 1192–1210.
61. Tedjo, D.I., Smolinska, A., Savelkoul, P.H., Masclee, A.A., van Schooten, F.J., Pierik, M.J., et al. The fecal microbiota as a biomarker for disease activity in Crohn's disease. Sci Rep, 6, 2016, 35216.
62. Fischer, M., Bittar, M., Papa, E., Kassam, Z., Smith, M., Can you cause inflammatory bowel disease with fecal transplantation? A 31-patient case-series of fecal transplantation using stool from a donor who later developed Crohn's disease. Gut Microbe 8:3 (2017), 205–207.
63. Borges-Canha, M., Portela-Cidade, J.P., Dinis-Ribeiro, M., Leite-Moreira, A.F., Pimentel-Nunes, P., Role of colonic microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis: a systematic review. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 107:11 (2015), 659–671.
64. de Theije, C.G., Wopereis, H., Ramadan, M., van Eijndthoven, T., Lambert, J., Knol, J., et al. Altered gut microbiota and activity in a murine model of autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun 37 (2014), 197–206.
65. Kraneveld, A.D., Szklany, K., de Theije, C.G., Garssen, J., Gut-to-Brain Axis in autism spectrum disorders: central role for the microbiome. Int Rev Neurobiol 131 (2016), 263–287.
66. Purchiaroni, F., Tortora, A., Gabrielli, M., Bertucci, F., Gigante, G., Ianiro, G., et al. The role of intestinal microbiota and the immune system. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 17:3 (2013), 323–333.
67. Parashar, A., Udayabanu, M., Gut microbiota: implications in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 38 (2017), 1–7.
68. Tremlett, H., Bauer, K.C., Appel-Cresswell, S., Finlay, B.B., Waubant, E., The gut microbiome in human neurological disease: a review. Ann Neurol 81:3 (2017), 369–382.
69. Allen, A.V., Ridley, D.S., Further observations on the formol-ether concentration technique for faecal parasites. J Clin Pathol 23:6 (1970), 545–546.