Explaining the obesity paradox: The association between body composition and colorectal cancer survival (c-scans study)

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention

Volumn 26, Issue 7, 2017, Pages 1008-1015

  Caan, Bette J ^a   Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A ^b   Kroenke, Candyce H ^a   Alexeeff, Stacey ^a   Xiao, Jingjie ^c   Weltzien, Erin ^a   Feliciano, Elizabeth Cespedes ^a   Castillo, Adrienne L ^a   Quesenberry, Charles P ^a   Kwan, Marilyn L ^a   Prado, Carla M ^c  

^a DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^b DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SURVIVAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MUSCLE MASS; OBESITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SARCOPENIA; BODY MASS; CANCER STAGING; CAUSE OF DEATH; COLORECTAL TUMOR; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SEX FACTOR;

ADIPOSITY; AGED; BODY MASS INDEX; CAUSE OF DEATH; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM STAGING; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SARCOPENIA; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 85022345420     PISSN: 10559965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0200     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Meyerhardt JA, NiedzwieckiD, Hollis D, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, NelsonH, et al. Impact of body mass index and weight change after treatment on cancer recurrence and survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 89803. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4109-15.
2. Schlesinger S, Siegert S, Koch M, Walter J, Heits N, Hinz S, et al. Postdiagnosis body mass index and risk of mortality in colorectal cancer survivors: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2014;25:1407-18.
3. Kroenke CH, Neugebauer R, Meyerhardt J, Prado CM, Weltzien E, Kwan ML, et al. Analysis of body mass index and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer using causal diagrams. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:1137-45.
4. Caan BJ, Kroenke CH. Next steps in understanding the obesity paradox in cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26:12.
5. Banack HR, Kaufman JS. Does selection bias explain the obesity paradox among individuals with cardiovascular disease? Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:342-9.
6. Renehan AG, Sperrin M. The obesity paradox and mortality after colorectal cancer: a causal conundrum. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:1127-9.
7. Mayeda ER, Glymour MM. The obesity paradox in survival after cancer diagnosis: tools for evaluation of potential bias. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26:17-20.
8. Casas-Vara A, Santolaria F, Fernandez-Bereciartua A, Gonzalez-Reimers E, García-Ochoa A, Martínez-Riera A. The obesity paradox in elderly patients with heart failure: analysis of nutritional status. Nutrition 2012;28:616-22.
9. Prado CM, Heymsfield SB. Lean tissue imaging: a new era for nutritional assessment and intervention. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014;38: 940-53.
10. Boer BC, de GF, Brusse-Keizer M, Bouman DE, Slump CH, Slee-Valentijn M, et al. Skeletal muscle mass and quality as risk factors for postoperative outcome after open colon resection for cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016;31:1117-24.
11. Black D, Mackay C, Ramsay G, Hamoodi Z, Nanthakumaran S, Park KG, et al. Prognostic value of computed tomography: measured parameters of body composition in primary operable gastrointestinal cancers. Ann Surg Oncol 2017;10. 1245/s10434-017-5829-z.
12. Jung HW, Kim JW, Kim JY, Kim SW, Yang HK, Lee JW, et al. Effect of muscle mass on toxicity and survival in patients with colon cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:687-94.
13. Malietzis G, Aziz O, Bagnall NM, Johns N, Fearon KC, Jenkins JT. The role of body composition evaluation by computerized tomography in determining colorectal cancer treatment outcomes: a systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015;41:186-96.
14. Malietzis G, Currie AC, Athanasiou T, Johns N, Anyamene N, Glynne-Jones R, et al. Influence of body composition profile on outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2016;103:572-80.
15. Miyamoto Y, Baba Y, Sakamoto Y, Ohuchi M, Tokunaga R, Kurashige J, et al. Sarcopenia is a negative prognostic factor after curative resection of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22:2663-8.
16. van Vledder MG, Levolger S, Ayez N, Verhoef C, Tran TC, Ijzermans JN. Body composition and outcome in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 2012;99:550-7.
17. Ballian N, Lubner MG, Munoz A, Harms BA, Heise CP, Foley EF, et al. Visceral obesity is associated with outcomes of total mesorectal excision for rectal adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2012;105:365-70.
18. Clark W, Siegel EM, Chen YA, Zhao X, Parsons CM, Hernandez JM, et al. Quantitative measures of visceral adiposity and body mass index in predicting rectal cancer outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. J Am Coll Surg 2013;216:1070-81.
19. Guiu B, Petit JM, Bonnetain F, Ladoire S, Guiu S, Cercueil JP, et al. Visceral fat area is an independent predictive biomarker of outcome after first-line bevacizumab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Gut 2010; 59:341-7.
20. Lee CS, Murphy DJ, McMahon C, Nolan B, Cullen G, Mulcahy H, et al. Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. J Gastrointest Cancer 2015; 46:243-50.
21. Moon HG, Ju YT, Jeong CY, Jung EJ, Lee YJ, Hong SC, et al. Visceral obesity may affect oncologic outcome in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15:1918-22.
22. Rickles AS, Iannuzzi JC, Mironov O, Deeb AP, Sharma A, Fleming FJ, et al. Visceral obesity and colorectal cancer: are we missing the boat with BMI? J Gastrointest Surg 2013;17:133-43.
23. Yamamoto N, Fujii S, Sato T, Oshima T, Rino Y, Kunisaki C, et al. Impact of body mass index and visceral adiposity on outcomes in colorectal cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2012;8:337-45.
24. Gordon NP. Similarity of the Kaiser Permanente senior member population in northern California to the non-Kaiser Permanente covered and general population of seniors in northern California: Statistics from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey. Oakland, CA: Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research; 2012.
25. TomoVision. SliceOmatic. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: TomoVision; 2015.
26. Shen W, Punyanitya M, Wang Z, Gallagher D, St-Onge MP, Albu J, et al. Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image. J Appl Physiol 2004;97:2333-8.
27. Contal C, O'Quigley J. An application of changepoint methods in studying the effect of age on survival in breast cancer. Comput Stat Data Anal 1999;30:253-70.
28. Martin L, Birdsell L, MacDonald N, Reiman T, Clandinin MT, McCargar LJ, et al. Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:1539-47.
29. Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Sawyer MB, Martin L, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a populationbased study. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:629-35.
30. Paramanathan A, Saxena A, Morris DL. A systematic review and metaanalysis on the impact of pre-operative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio on long term outcomes after curative intent resection of solid tumours. Surg Oncol 2014;23:31-9.
31. vonHS, Morley JE, Anker SD. An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2010;1:129-33.
32. Shachar SS, Williams GR, Muss HB, Nishijima TF. Prognostic value of sarcopenia in adults with solid tumours: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur J Cancer 2016;57:58-67.
33. Porporato PE. Understanding cachexia as a cancer metabolism syndrome. Oncogenesis 2016;5:e200.
34. Mayers JR, Wu C, Clish CB, Kraft P, Torrence ME, Fiske BP, et al. Elevation of circulating branched-chain amino acids is an early event in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma development. Nat Med 2014; 20:1193-8.
35. Ferrando AA, Stuart CA, Brunder DG, Hillman GR. Magnetic resonance imaging quantitation of changes in muscle volume during 7 days of strict bed rest. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995;66:976-81.
36. Tanner RE, Brunker LB, Agergaard J, Barrows KM, Briggs RA, Kwon OS, et al. Age-related differences in leanmass, protein synthesis and skeletal muscle markers of proteolysis after bed rest and exercise rehabilitation. J Physiol 2015;593:4259-73.
37. Cooper AB, Slack R, Fogelman D, Holmes HM, Petzel M, Parker N, et al. Characterization of anthropometric changes that occur during neoadjuvant therapy for potentially resectable pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22:2416-23.
38. Miyamoto Y, Baba Y, Sakamoto Y, Ohuchi M, Tokunaga R, Kurashige J, et al. Negative impact of skeletal muscle loss after systemic chemotherapy in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015;10: e0129742.
39. Glymour MM, Mayeda ER, Selby VN. Commentary: selection bias in clinical epidemiology: causal thinking to guide patient-centered research. Epidemiology 2016;27:466-8.
40. Grossberg AJ, Chamchod S, Fuller CD, Mohamed AS, Heukelom J, Eichelberger H, et al. Association of body composition with survival and locoregional control of radiotherapy-treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:782-9.
41. Martin L. Diagnostic criteria for cancer cachexia: data versus dogma. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016;19:188-98.
42. Hubbard JM, Cohen HJ, Muss HB. Incorporating biomarkers into cancer and aging research. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:2611-6.
43. Jones KI, Doleman B, Scott S, Lund JN, Williams JP. Simple psoas crosssectional area measurement is a quick and easy method to assess sarcopenia and predicts major surgical complications. Colorectal Dis 2015;17: O20-O26.
44. Chung H, Cobzas D, Birdsell L, Lieffers J, Baracos V. Automated segmentation of muscle and adipose tissue on CT images for human body composition analysis. In: Miga MI, Wong KH, editors. Medical Imaging 2009: Visualization, Image-Guided Procedures, and Modeling. Bellingham, WA: SPIE Press; 2009. Vol. 7261.
45. Strulov SS, Williams GR. The obesity paradox in cancer-moving beyond BMI. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26:13-6.