Erratum: Lean tissue imaging: a new era for nutritional assessment and intervention (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (2014) 38 (940-953) DOI: 10.1177/0148607114550189);Lean tissue imaging: A new era for nutritional assessment and intervention

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 940-953

  Prado, Carla M M ^a   Heymsfield, Steven B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

body composition; CT; DXA; imaging; lean body mass; lean soft tissue; MRI; nutrition status; osteosarcopenic obesity; sarcopenia; sarcopenic obesity; ultrasound

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMAGING; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; LEAN SOFT TISSUE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; SOFT TISSUE; TREATMENT PLANNING; ULTRASOUND; ADIPOSE TISSUE; BODY FLUID COMPARTMENT; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; OBESITY; PROCEDURES; SARCOPENIA; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OBESITY; SARCOPENIA;

EID: 84910027309     PISSN: 01486071     EISSN: 19412444     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0148607116648918     Document Type: Erratum

References (109)

1. Baracos VE, Prado CM, Antoun S, Gioulbasanis I Nutrition and the Cancer Patient. Del Fabbro E Baracos V Demark-Wahnefried W Bowling T Hopkinson J Bruera E, ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 19-34.
2. Baumgartner RN. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000; 904: 437-448
3. Heymsfield SB. Development of imaging methods to assess adiposity and metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32: S76 - S82
4. Heymsfield SB, Pietrobelli A, Wang Z, Saris WH. The end of body composition methodology research?. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005; 8 (6). 591-594
5. Lang T, Streeper T, Cawthon P, et al. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment. Osteoporos Int. 2010; 21 (4). 543-559
6. Siervo M, Prado CM Nutrition in Critical Care. Faber P Siervo M, ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 13-19.
7. Siervo M, Prado CM, Mire E, Wells JCK, Heymsfield S, Katzmarzyk P. Body composition indexes of a load-capacity model: gender and BMI-specific reference curves. Public Health Nutr. In press;:
8. Sternfeld B, Ngo L, Satariano WA, Tager IB. Associations of body composition with physical performance and self-reported functional limitation in elderly men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 156 (2). 110-121
9. Prado CM, Siervo M, Mire E, et al. A population-based approach to define body-composition phenotypes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99 (6). 1369-1377
10. Shen W, St-Onge MP, Wang Z, Heymsfield SB Human Body Composition. 2 nd ed.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005;3-14. Heymsfield SB Lohman T Wang Z Going S, ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005: 3-14.
11. Wang ZM, Pierson RN, Heymsfield SB. The five-level model: a new approach to organizing body-composition research. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992; 56 (1). 19-28
12. Heymsfield SB, Wang Z, Baumgartner RN, Ross R. Human body composition: advances in models and methods. Annu Rev Nutr. 1997; 17: 527-558
13. Lohman TG, Chen Z Human Body Composition. 2 nd ed.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005;63-78. Heymsfield SB Lohman T Wang Z Going S, ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005: 63-78.
14. Heymsfield SB, Adamek M, Gonzalez MC, Jia G, Thomas DM. Assessing skeletal muscle mass: historical overview and state of the art. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014; 5 (1). 9-18
15. Heymsfield SB, Smith R, Aulet M, et al. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: measurement by dual-photon absorptiometry. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 52 (2). 214-218
16. Prado CM, Wells JC, Smith SR, Stephan BC, Siervo M. Sarcopenic obesity: a critical appraisal of the current evidence. Clin Nutr. 2012; 31 (5). 583-601
17. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010; 39 (4). 412-423
18. Roubenoff R, Kehayias JJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Heymsfield SB. Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in body-composition studies: not yet a "gold standard.". Am J Clin Nutr. 1993; 58 (5). 589-591
19. Pritchard JE, Nowson CA, Strauss BJ, Carlson JS, Kaymakci B, Wark JD. Evaluation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry as a method of measurement of body fat. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1993; 47 (3). 216-228
20. Genton L, Hans D, Kyle UG, Pichard C. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and body composition: differences between devices and comparison with reference methods. Nutrition. 2002; 18 (1). 66-70
21. Madsen OR, Egsmose C, Lorentzen JS, Lauridsen UB, Sorensen OH. Influence of orthopaedic metal and high-density detection on body composition as assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Clin Physiol. 1999; 19 (3). 238-245
22. Hangartner TN, Warner S, Braillon P, Jankowski L, Shepherd J. The official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: acquisition of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition and considerations regarding analysis and repeatability of measures. J Clin Densitom. 2013; 16 (4). 520-536
23. Ross R, Janssen I Human Body Composition. 2 nd ed.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005:89-108. Heymsfield SB Lohman T Wang Z Going S, ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 89-108.
24. Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Kelley DE. Composition of skeletal muscle evaluated with computed tomography. In Vivo Body Composition Studies. 2000; 904: 18-24
25. Mattsson S, Thomas BJ. Development of methods for body composition studies. Phys Med Biol. 2006; 51 (13). R203 - R228
26. Shen W, Punyanitya M, Wang Z, et al. Visceral adipose tissue: relations between single-slice areas and total volume. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80 (2). 271-278
27. Shen W, Punyanitya M, Wang Z, et al. Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image. J Appl Physiol. 2004; 97 (6). 2333-2338
28. Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ, Baracos VE. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008; 33 (5). 997-1006
29. Prado CM. Body composition in chemotherapy: the promising role of CT scans. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013; 16 (5). 525-533
30. Prado CM, Maia YL, Ormsbee M, Sawyer MB, Baracos VE. Assessment of nutritional status in cancer - the relationship between body composition and pharmacokinetics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013; 13 (8). 1197-1203
31. Martin L, Birdsell L, Macdonald N, et al. Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31 (12). 1539-1547
32. Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2008; 9 (7). 629-635
33. Sheean PM, Peterson SJ, Gomez Perez S, et al. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with respiratory failure classified as normally nourished using computed tomography and subjective global assessment. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014; 38 (7). 873-879
34. Moisey LL, Mourtzakis M, Cotton BA, et al. Skeletal muscle predicts ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and mortality in elderly ICU patients. Crit Care. 2013; 17 (5). R206
35. KarraSFearonK. A Feasibility Study of Multimodal Exercise/Nutrition/Anti-Inflammatory Treatment for Cachexia - The Pre-MENAC Study. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01419145. Accessed May 28, 2014.
36. Silver HJ, Welch EB, Avison MJ, Niswender KD. Imaging body composition in obesity and weight loss: challenges and opportunities. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2010; 3: 337-347
37. Neeland IJ, Ayers CR, Rohatgi AK, et al. Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults. Obesity. 2013; 21 (9). E439 - E447
38. Manini TM, Buford TW, Lott DJ, et al. Effect of dietary restriction and exercise on lower extremity tissue compartments in obese, older women: a pilot study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (1). 101-108
39. Zoico E, Corzato F, Bambace C, et al. Myosteatosis and myofibrosis: relationship with aging, inflammation and insulin resistance. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2013; 57 (3). 411-416
40. LeBlanc A, Lin C, Shackelford L, et al. Muscle volume, MRI relaxation times (T2), and body composition after spaceflight. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000; 89 (6). 2158-2164
41. Karlsson AK, Kullberg J, Stokland E, et al. Measurements of total and regional body composition in preschool children: a comparison of MRI, DXA, and anthropometric data. Obesity. 2013; 21 (5). 1018-1024
42. Molfino A, Heymsfield SB, Zhu F, et al. Prealbumin is associated with visceral fat mass in patients receiving hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr. 2013; 23 (6). 406-410
43. Shah K, Hilton TN, Myers L, Pinto JF, Luque AE, Hall WJ. A new frailty syndrome: central obesity and frailty in older adults with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60 (3). 545-549
44. Mitsiopoulos N, Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Lyons W, Gallagher D, Ross R. Cadaver validation of skeletal muscle measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998; 85 (1). 115-122
45. Wagner DR. Ultrasound as a tool to assess body fat. J Obes. 2013; 2013: 280713
46. Bellisari A, Roche AF Human Body Composition. 2 nd ed.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005:109-128. Heymsfield SB Lohman T Wang Z Going S, ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 109-128.
47. Bushberg JT, Seibert JA, Leidholdt EM, Boone JM The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. 2 nd ed.Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins; 2002. Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins; 2002 :
48. Bazzocchi A, Filonzi G, Ponti F, et al. Accuracy, reproducibility and repeatability of ultrasonography in the assessment of abdominal adiposity. Acad Radiol. 2011; 18 (9). 1133-1143
49. Mayans D, Cartwright MS, Walker FO. Neuromuscular ultrasonography: quantifying muscle and nerve measurements. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am. 2012; 23 (1). 133-148
50. Tillquist M, Kutsogiannis DJ, Wischmeyer PE, et al. Bedside ultrasound is a practical and reliable measurement tool for assessing quadriceps muscle layer thickness. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. :
51. Campbell IT, Watt T, Withers D, et al. Muscle thickness, measured with ultrasound, may be an indicator of lean tissue wasting in multiple organ failure in the presence of edema. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995; 62 (3). 533-539
52. Enright SJ, Unnithan VB, Heward C, Withnall L, Davies DH. Effect of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on lung volumes, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in subjects who are healthy. Phys Ther. 2006; 86 (3). 345-354
53. Reimers CD, Harder T, Saxe H. Age-related muscle atrophy does not affect all muscles and can partly be compensated by physical activity: an ultrasound study. J Neurol Sci. 1998; 159 (1). 60-66
54. Trappe TA, Lindquist DM, Carrithers JA. Muscle-specific atrophy of the quadriceps femoris with aging. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001; 90 (6). 2070-2074
55. Ikezoe T, Mori N, Nakamura M, Ichihashi N. Atrophy of the lower limbs in elderly women: is it related to walking ability?. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111 (6). 989-995
56. Fujiwara K, Toyama H, Asai H, et al. Effects of regular heel-raise training aimed at the soleus muscle on dynamic balance associated with arm movement in elderly women. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25 (9). 2605-2615
57. Kawakami Y, Akima H, Kubo K, et al. Changes in muscle size, architecture, and neural activation after 20 days of bed rest with and without resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001; 84 (1-2). 7-12
58. Reid CL, Campbell IT, Little RA. Muscle wasting and energy balance in critical illness. Clin Nutr. 2004; 23 (2). 273-280
59. Arts IM, Overeem S, Pillen S, Schelhaas HJ, Zwarts MJ. Muscle changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a longitudinal ultrasonography study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011; 122 (3). 623-628
60. Triandafilou KM, Kamper DG. Investigation of hand muscle atrophy in stroke survivors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2012; 27 (3). 268-272
61. Ormsbee MJ, Prado CM, Ilich JZ, et al. Osteosarcopenic obesity: the role of bone, muscle, and fat on health [published online April 17, 2014]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. :
62. Rosenberg I. The epidemiologic and methodologic problems in determining nutritional status of older persons [summary comments]. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989; 50: 1231-1233
63. Malafarina V, Uriz-Otano F, Iniesta R, Gil-Guerrero L. Sarcopenia in the elderly: diagnosis, physiopathology and treatment. Maturitas. 2012; 71 (2). 109-114
64. Waters DL, Baumgartner RN. Sarcopenia and obesity. Clin Geriatr Med. 2011; 27 (3). 401-421
65. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50 (5). 889-896
66. Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol. 1998; 147 (8). 755-763
67. Evans W. Functional and metabolic consequences of sarcopenia. J Nutr. 1997; 127: 998S - 1003S
68. Roubenoff R, Kehayias JJ. The meaning and measurement of lean body mass. Nutr Rev. 1991; 49 (6). 163-175
69. Cosqueric G, Sebag A, Ducolombier C, Thomas C, Piette F, Weill-Engerer S. Sarcopenia is predictive of nosocomial infection in care of the elderly. Br J Nutr. 2006; 96 (5). 895-901
70. Pichard C, Kyle UG, Morabia A, Perrier A, Vermeulen B, Unger P. Nutritional assessment: lean body mass depletion at hospital admission is associated with an increased length of stay. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79 (4). 613-618
71. Rolland Y, Lauwers-Cances V, Cristini C, et al. Difficulties with physical function associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic-obesity in community-dwelling elderly women: the EPIDOS (EPIDemiologie de l'OSteoporose) Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89 (6). 1895-1900
72. Baumgartner RN, Wayne SJ, Waters DL, Janssen I, Gallagher D, Morley JE. Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly. Obes Res. 2004; 12 (12). 1995-2004
73. Roubenoff R. Sarcopenic obesity: does muscle loss cause fat gain? Lessons from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000; 904: 553-557
74. Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ, Inglis JE, Panton LB, Duque G, Ormsbee MJ. Interrelationship among muscle, fat, and bone: connecting the dots on cellular, hormonal, and whole body levels. Ageing Res Rev. 2014; 15C: 51-60
75. Honda H, Qureshi AR, Axelsson J, et al. Obese sarcopenia in patients with end-stage renal disease is associated with inflammation and increased mortality. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86 (3). 633-638
76. Montano-Loza AJ, Meza-Junco J, Prado CM, et al. Muscle wasting is associated with mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 10 (2). 166-173
77. Vetrano DL, Landi F, Volpato S, et al. Association of sarcopenia with short- and long-term mortality in older adults admitted to acute care wards: results from the CRIME study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (9). 1154-1161
78. Kyle UG, Pirlich M, Lochs H, Schuetz T, Pichard C. Increased length of hospital stay in underweight and overweight patients at hospital admission: a controlled population study. Clin Nutr. 2005; 24 (1). 133-142
79. Lieffers JR, Bathe OF, Fassbender K, Winget M, Baracos VE. Sarcopenia is associated with postoperative infection and delayed recovery from colorectal cancer resection surgery. Br J Cancer. 2012; 107 (6). 931-936
80. Peng PD, van Vledder MG, Tsai S, et al. Sarcopenia negatively impacts short-term outcomes in patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis. HPB (Oxford). 2011; 13 (7). 439-446
81. Smith AB, Deal AM, Yu H, et al. Sarcopenia as a predictor of complications and survival following radical cystectomy [published online January 11, 2014]. J Urol. :
82. Montano-Loza AJ, Meza-Junco J, Baracos VE, et al. Severe muscle depletion predicts postoperative length of stay but is not associated with survival after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2014; 20 (6). 640-648
83. Prado CM, Baracos VE, McCargar LJ, et al. Sarcopenia as a determinant of chemotherapy toxicity and time to tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 2009; 15 (8). 2920-2926
84. Prado CM, Baracos VE, Xiao J, et al. The association between body composition and toxicities from the combination of Doxil and trabectedin in patients with advanced relapsed ovarian cancer. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014; 39 (6). 693-698
85. Prado CM, Lima IS, Baracos VE, et al. An exploratory study of body composition as a determinant of epirubicin pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011; 67 (1). 93-101
86. Antoun S, Baracos VE, Birdsell L, Escudier B, Sawyer MB. Low body mass index and sarcopenia associated with dose-limiting toxicity of sorafenib in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2010; 21 (8). 1594-1598
87. Mir O, Coriat R, Blanchet B, et al. Sarcopenia predicts early dose-limiting toxicities and pharmacokinetics of sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (5). e37563
88. Braunschweig CA, Sheean PM, Peterson SJ, et al. Exploitation of diagnostic computed tomography scans to assess the impact of nutritional support on body composition changes in respiratory failure patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014; 38 (7). 880-885
89. Schols AM, Broekhuizen R, Weling-Scheepers CA, Wouters EF. Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82 (1). 53-59
90. Erlandson KM, Allshouse AA, Jankowski CM, MaWhinney S, Kohrt WM, Campbell TB. Functional impairment is associated with low bone and muscle mass among persons aging with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013; 63 (2). 209-215
91. Burns JM, Johnson DK, Watts A, Swerdlow RH, Brooks WM. Reduced lean mass in early Alzheimer disease and its association with brain atrophy. Arch Neurol. 2010; 67 (4). 428-433
92. Rasch A, Bystrom AH, Dalen N, Martinez-Carranza N, Berg HE. Persisting muscle atrophy two years after replacement of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009; 91 (5). 583-588
93. Madsen OR, Brot C, Petersen MM, Sorensen OH. Body composition and muscle strength in women scheduled for a knee or hip replacement: a comparative study of two groups of osteoarthritic women. Clin Rheumatol. 1997; 16 (1). 39-44
94. Sowers MF, Kshirsagar A, Crutchfield MM, Updike S. Joint influence of fat and lean body composition compartments on femoral bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 136 (3). 257-265
95. van Kan GA, Cderbaum JM, Cesari M, et al. Sarcopenia: biomarkers and imaging (International Conference on Sarcopenia Research). J Nutr Health Aging. 2011; 15 (10). 834-846
96. de van der Schueren M, Elia M, Gramlich L, Johnson MP, Lim SL, Philipson T, Prado CM. Clinical and economic outcomes of nutrition interventions across the continuum of care. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1321(1):20-40;:
97. Lukaski HC. Evolution of bioimpedance: a circuitous journey from estimation of physiological function to assessment of body composition and a return to clinical research. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013; 67: S2 - S9
98. Siervo M, Jebb SA. Body composition assessment: theory into practice: introduction of multicompartment models. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2010; 29 (1). 48-59
99. Garn SM. Anthropometry in clinical appraisal of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr. 1962; 11 (5). 418-432
100. Baracos V, Prado CM, Antoun S, Gioulbasanis I Nutrition and the Cancer Patient. Del Fabbro E Baracos V Demark-Wahnefried W Bowling T Hopkinson J Bruera E, ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 19-36.
101. Lee SY, Gallagher D. Assessment methods in human body composition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008; 11 (5). 566-572
102. Wang J, Gallagher D, Thornton JC, Yu W, Horlick M, Pi-Sunyer FX. Validation of a 3-dimensional photonic scanner for the measurement of body volumes, dimensions, and percentage body fat. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 83 (4). 809-816
103. Xu B, Yu W, Yao M, Pepper MR, Freeland-Graves JH. Three-dimensional surface imaging system for assessing human obesity. Opt Eng. 2009; 48 (10). nihpa156427
104. Coppini LZ, Waitzberg DL, Campos AC. Limitations and validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis in morbidly obese patients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005; 8 (3). 329-332
105. Bohm A, Heitmann BL. The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition in epidemiological studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013; 67: S79 - S85
106. Prado CM, Birdsell LA, Baracos VE. The emerging role of computerized tomography in assessing cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2009; 3 (4). 269-275
107. McGuire LP, Guglielmo CG. Quantitative magnetic resonance: a rapid, noninvasive body composition analysis technique for live and salvaged bats. J Mamm. 2010; 91 (6). 1375-1380
108. Mitchell AD. Validation of quantitative magnetic resonance body composition analysis for infants using piglet model. Pediatr Res. 2011; 69 (4). 330-335
109. Engelke K, Adams JE, Armbrecht G, et al. Clinical use of quantitative computed tomography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the management of osteoporosis in adults: the 2007 ISCD Official Positions. J Clin Densitom. 2008; 11 (1). 123-162