Current vector control challenges in the fight against malaria

Acta Tropica

Volumn 174, Issue , 2017, Pages 91-96

  Benelli, Giovanni ^a   Beier, John C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anopheles; Epidemiological impact; Insecticide treated bed nets; Malaria; Pesticide resistance; Plasmodium parasites

Indexed keywords

DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISEASE VECTOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH IMPACT; INSECTICIDE; MALARIA; MOSQUITO; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE;

AFRICA; ANOPHELES; HUMAN; INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE TREATED NET; MALARIA; MALARIA CONTROL; NONHUMAN; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PROGRAM EVALUATION; REVIEW; RURAL AREA; VECTOR CONTROL; ANIMAL; DRUG EFFECTS; INSECT VECTOR; MOSQUITO CONTROL; PARASITOLOGY; PROCEDURES; TRANSMISSION;

AFRICA;

PLASMODIUM PARASITES;

INSECTICIDE;

AFRICA; ANIMALS; ANOPHELES; HUMANS; INSECT VECTORS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; INSECTICIDES; MALARIA; MOSQUITO CONTROL;

EID: 85022231410     PISSN: 0001706X     EISSN: 18736254     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.028     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Achee, N.L., Bangs, M.J., Farlow, R., Killeen, G.F., Lindsay, S., Logan, J.G., et al. Spatial repellents: from discovery and development to evidence-based validation. Malar. J., 11, 2012, 164.
2. Afrane, Y.A., Mweresa, N.G., Wanjala, C.L., Gilbreath, T.M. III, Zhou, G., Lee, M.C., et al. Evaluation of long-lasting microbial larvicide for malaria vector control in Kenya. Malar. J., 15, 2016, 577.
3. Allan, S.A., Susceptibility of adult mosquitoes to insecticides in aqueous sucrose baits. J. Vector Ecol. 36 (2011), 59–67.
4. Banks, S.D., Murray, N., Wilder-Smith, A., Logan, J.G., Insecticide-treated clothes for the control of vector-borne diseases: a review on effectiveness and safety. Med. Vet. Entomol. 28:S1 (2014), 14–25.
5. Bayoh, M.N., Mathias, D.K., Odiere, M.R., Mutuku, F.M., Kamau, L., Gimnig, J.E., Vulule, J.M., Hawley, W.A., Hamel, M.J., Walker, E.D., Anopheles gambiae: historical population decline associated with regional distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in western Nyanza Province, Kenya. Malar. J., 9, 2010, 62.
6. Becker, N., Pluskota, B., Kaiser, A., Schaffne, F., Exotic mosquitoes conquer the world. Mehlhorn, H., (eds.) Arthropods as Vectors of Emerging Diseases. Parasitol Res Monographs, vol. 3, 2012, 31–60 (2012).
7. Beier, J.C., Killeen, G.F., Githure, J.I., Short report: entomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61 (1999), 109–113.
8. Beier, J.C., Keating, J., Githure, J.I., Macdonald, M.B., Impoinvil, D.E., Novak, R.J., Integrated vector management for malaria control. Malar. J., 7(Suppl 1), 2008, S4, 10.1186/1475-2875-7-S1-S4.
9. Beier, J.C., Müller, G.C., Gu, W., Arheart, K.L., Schlein, Y., Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) methods decimate populations of Anopheles malaria vectors in arid environments regardless of the local availability of favored sugar-source blossoms. Malar. J., 11, 2012, 31.
10. Benelli, G., Mehlhorn, H., Declining malaria, rising of dengue and Zika virus: insights for mosquito vector control. Parasitol. Res. 115:5 (2016), 1747–1754.
11. Benelli, G., Jeffries, C.L., Walker, T., Biological control of mosquito vectors: past, present and future. Insects, 7, 2016, 52, 10.3390/insects7040052.
12. Benelli, G., Maggi, F., Petrelli, R., Canale, A., Nicoletti, M., Rakotosaona, R., Rasoanaivo, P., Not ordinary antimalarial drugs: madagascar plant decoctions potentiating the chloroquine action against Plasmodium parasites. Ind. Crop Prod. 103 (2017), 19–38.
13. Benelli, G., Research in mosquito control: current challenges for a brighter future. Parasitol. Res. 114 (2015), 2801–2805.
14. Benelli, G., Plant-borne ovicides in the fight against mosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance: a systematic review. Parasitol. Res. 114 (2015), 3201–3212.
15. Benelli, G., Green synthesized nanoparticles in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases and cancer—a brief review. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 95 (2016), 58–68.
16. Benelli, G., Romano, D., Mosquito vectors of Zika virus. Entomol. Gen., 2017, 10.1127/entomologia/2017/0496.
17. Bhatt, S., Weiss, D.J., Cameron, E., Bisanzio, D., Mappin, B., et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature 526 (2015), 207–211.
18. Bhattarai, A., Ali, A.S., Kachur, S.P., Martensson, A., Abbas, A.K., Khatib, R., Al-Mafazy, A.W., Ramsan, M., Rotllant, G., Gerstenmaier, J.F., Molteni, F., Abdulla, S., Montgomery, S.M., Kaneko, A., Björkman, A., Impact of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in Zanzibar. PLoS Med., 4, 2007, e309.
19. Bourtzis, K., Lees, R.S., Hendrichs, J., Marc, J.B., Vreysen, M.J.B., More than one rabbit out of the hat: radiation, transgenic and symbiont- based approaches for sustainable management of mosquito and tsetse fly populations. Acta Trop., 2016, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.009.
20. Bouyer, J., Lefrançois, T., Boosting the sterile insect technique to control mosquitoes. Trends Parasitol. 30 (2014), 271–273.
21. Bowatte, G., Perera, P., Senevirathne, G., Meegaskumbura, S., Meegaskumbura, M., Tadpoles as dengue mosquito (Aedes aegypti) egg predators. Biol. Control 67 (2013), 469–474.
22. Boyce, R., Lenhart, A., Kroeger, A., Velayudhan, R., Roberts, B., Horstick, O., Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) for the control of dengue vectors: systematic literature review. Trop. Med. Int. Health 18 (2013), 564–577.
23. Bravo, A., Gill, S.S., Soberón, M., Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control. Toxicon 49:4 (2007), 423–435.
24. Burrows, J.N., Duparc, S., Gutteridge, W.E., et al. New developments in anti-malarial target candidate and product profiles. Malar. J., 16, 2017, 26, 10.1186/s12936-016-1675-x.
25. Cabrera, M., Jaffe, K., An aggregation pheromone modulates lekking behavior in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 23 (2007), 1–10.
26. Callaway, E., Cyranoski, D., Anti-parasite drugs sweep Nobel prize in medicine 2015. Nature 526 (2015), 174–175.
27. Capanna, E., Grassi versus Ross: who solved the riddle of malaria?. Int. Microbiol. 9 (2006), 69–74.
28. Chaccour, C.J., Rabinovich, N.R., Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission II. Considerations regarding clinical development pathway. Malaria J., 16, 2017, 166, 10.1186/s12936-017-1802-3.
29. Chaccour, C.J., Rabinovich, N.R., Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission III. Considerations regarding regulatory and policy pathways. Malaria J., 16, 2017, 162, 10.1186/s12936-017-1803-2.
30. Chaccour, C., Hammann, F., Rabinovich, N.R., Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission I. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations regarding efficacy and safety. Malar. J., 16, 2017, 161, 10.1186/s12936-017-1801-4.
31. Chanda, E., Ameneshewa, B., Bagayoko, M., Govere, J.M., Macdonald, M.B., Harnessing integrated vector management for enhanced disease prevention. Trends Parasitol. 33 (2017), 30–41.
32. Charlwood, J.D., Pinto, J., Sousa, C.A., Ferreira, C., Do Rosario, V.E., Male size does not affect mating success of Anopheles gambiae in São Tomé. Med. Vet. Entomol. 16 (2002), 109–111.
33. Dabiré, K.R., Sawadogo, P.S., Hien, D.F., Maiga, H., Millogo, A., Baldet, T., Simard, F., Gouagna, L.-C., Diabate, A., Gibson, G., Lees, R.S., Gilles, J.R.L., Occurrence of natural Anopheles arabiensis swarms in an urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso city, Burkina Faso, West Africa. Acta Trop. 132S (2014), S35–S41.
34. Derua, Y.A., Alifrangis, M., Hosea, K.M., Meyrowitsch, D.W., Magesa, S.M., Pedersen, E.M., Simonsen, P.E., Change in composition of the Anopheles gambiae complex and its possible implications for the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in north-eastern Tanzania. Malar. J., 11, 2012, 188.
35. Diabate, A., Tripet, F., Targeting male mosquito mating behaviour for malaria control. Parasit. Vector, 8, 2015, 347.
36. Diabate, A., Yaro, A.S., Dao, A., Diallo, M., Huestis, D.L., Lehmann, T., Spatial distribution and male mating success of Anopheles gambiae swarms. BMC Evol. Biol., 11, 2011, 184.
37. Enayati, A., Hemingway, J., Malaria management: past, present, and future. Annual Rev. Entomol. 55 (2010), 569–591.
38. Ferguson, H.M., Dornhaus, A., Beeche, A., Borgemeister, C., Gottlieb, M., Mulla, M.S., Gimnig, J.E., Fish, D., Killeen, G.F., Ecology: a prerequisite for malaria elimination and eradication. PLoS Med., 7, 2010, e1000303.
39. Fillinger, U., Ndenga, B., Githeko, A., Lindsay, S.W., Integrated malaria vector control with microbial larvicides and insecticide-treated nets in western Kenya: a controlled trial. Bull. World Health Organ. 87 (2009), 655–665.
40. Fish, D., Vector-borne Diseases: Understanding the Environmental, Human Health and Ecological Connections. 2008, Institute of Medicine, Washington, D.C 12 p.
41. Fornadel, C.M., Norris, L.C., Glass, G.E., Norris, D.E., Analysis of Anopheles arabiensis blood feeding behavior in southern Zambia during the two years after introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83 (2010), 848–853.
42. Gallup, J.L., Sachs, J.D., The economic burden of malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 64:S1 (2001), 85–96.
43. Gosling, R., von Seidlein, L., The future of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine: an alternative development plan. PLoS Med., 13(4), 2016, e1001994, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001994.
44. Hemingway, J., Ranson, H., Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 45 (2000), 371–391.
45. Hemingway, J., Shretta, R., Wells, T.N.C., Bell, D., Djimdé, A.A., Achee, N., et al. Tools and strategies for malaria control and elimination: what do we need to achieve a grand convergence in malaria?. PLoS Biol., 14(3), 2016, e1002380, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002380.
46. Hempelmann, E., Krafts, K., Bad air, amulets and mosquitoes: 2,000 years of changing perspectives on malaria. Malar. J., 12, 2013, 232.
47. Hicks, S., Wang, M., Doraiswamy, V., Fry, K., Wohlford, E.M., Neurodevelopmental delay diagnosis rates are increased in a region with aerial pesticide application. Front. Pediatr., 5, 2017, 116.
48. Hwang, J.S., Strickler, J.R., Can copepods differentiate prey from predator hydromechanically?. Zool. Stud. 40 (2001), 1–6.
49. ® in the fight against malaria. Parasitol. Res. 105 (2009), 609–627.
50. Keating, J., Locatelli, A., Gebremichael, A., Ghebremeskel, T., Mufunda, J., Mihreteab, S., Berhane, D., Carneiro, P., Evaluating indoor residual spray for reducing malaria infection prevalence in Eritrea: results from a community randomized control trial. Acta Trop. 119 (2011), 107–113.
51. Killeen, G.F., Characterizing, controlling and eliminating residual malaria transmission. Malar. J., 13(1), 2014, 330.
52. Kleinschmidt, I., Torrez, M., Schwabe, C., Benavente, L., Seocharan, I., Jituboh, D., Nseng, G., Sharp, B., Factors influencing the effectiveness of malaria control in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76 (2007), 1027–1032.
53. Knols, B.G.J., Farenhorst, M., Andriessen, A., Snetselaar, J., Suer, R.A., Osinga, A.J., et al. Eave tubes for malaria control in Africa: an introduction. Malar. J., 15, 2016, 404.
54. Lacey, L.A., Bacillus thuringiensis serovariety israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus for mosquito control. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 23:sp2 (2007), 133–163.
55. Lengeler, C., Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2004, CD000363.
56. Lupi, E., Hatz, C., Schlagenhauf, P., The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp.–A literature review. Travel Med. Infect Dis. 11 (2013), 374–411.
57. Müller, G.C., Kravchenko, V.D., Schlein, Y., Decline of Anopheles sergentii and Aedes caspius populations following presentation of attractive, toxic (Spinosad) sugar bait stations in an oasis. J. Am. Mos. Control Assoc. 24 (2008), 147–149.
58. Malaney, P., Spielman, A., Sachs, J., The malaria gap. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71:S2 (2004), 141–146.
59. Marten, G.G., Bordes, E.S., Nguyen, M., Use of cyclopoid copepod for mosquito control. Hydrobiologia 292 (1994), 491–496.
60. Muller, G.C., Beier, J.C., Traore, S.F., Toure, M.B., Traore, M.M., Bah, S., Doumbia, S., Schlein, Y., Successful field trial of attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) plant-spraying methods against malaria vectors in the Anopheles gambiae complex in Mali, West Africa. Malar. J., 9, 2010, 210.
61. Murugan, K., Benelli, G., Panneerselvam, C., Subramaniam, J., Jeyalalitha, T., Dinesh, D., Nicoletti, M., Hwang, J.S., Suresh, U., Madhiyazhagan, P., Cymbopogon citratus-synthesized gold nanoparticles boost the predation efficiency of copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against malaria and dengue mosquitoes. Exp. Parasitol. 153 (2015), 129–138.
62. Mwangangi, J.M., Mbogo, C.M., Orindi, B.O., Muturi, E.J., Midega, J.T., Nzovu, J., Gatakaa, H., Githure, J., Borgemeister, C., Keating, J., Beier, J.C., Shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the Kenyan coast over the past 20 years. Malar. J., 12, 2013, 13.
63. Nájera, J.A., González-Silva, M., Alonso, P.L., Some lessons for the future from the global malaria eradication programme (1955–1969). PLoS Med., 8, 2011, e1000412, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000412.
64. Naqqash, M.N., Gökçe, A., Bakhsh, A., Salim, M., Insecticide resistance and its molecular basis in urban insect pests. Parasitol. Res. 115 (2016), 1363–1373.
65. Naranjo, D.P., Qualls, W.A., Alimi, T.O., Roque, D.D., Samson, D.M., Arheart, K.C., Beier, J.C., Xue, R.D., Evaluation of boric acid sugar baits against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: culicidae) in tropical environments. Parasitol. Res. 112 (2013), 1583–1587.
66. Oliva, C.F., Jacquet, M., Gilles, J., Lemperiere, G., Maquart, P.O., Quilici, S., Schooneman, F., Vreysen, M.J.B., Boyer, S., The sterile insect technique for controlling populations of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: culicidae) on Reunion Island: mating vigour of sterilized males. PLoS One, 7, 2012, e49414.
67. Oliva, C.F., Damiens, D., Vreysen, M.J.B., Lemperière, G., Gilles, J., Reproductive strategies of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and implications for the sterile insect technique. PLoS One, 8, 2013, e78884.
68. Oliva, C.F., Damiens, D., Benedict, M.Q., Male reproductive biology of Aedes mosquitoes. Acta Trop. 132S (2014), S512–S519.
69. Ōmura, S., Crump, A., The life and times of ivermectin: a success story. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 (2005), 984–989.
70. Ōmura, S., Crump, A., Ivermectin and malaria control. Malar. J., 16, 2017, 172.
71. Pavela, R., Benelli, G., Essential oils as eco-friendly biopesticides? Challenges and constraints. Trends Plant Sci. 21 (2016), 1000–1007.
72. Pavela, R., Benelli, G., Ethnobotanical knowledge on botanical repellents employed in the African region against mosquito vectors—a review. Exp. Parasitol. 167C (2016), 103–108.
73. Pavela, R., Essential oils for the development of eco-friendly mosquito larvicides: a review. Ind. Crop Prod. 76 (2015), 174–187.
74. Pavela, R., Encapsulation—a convenient way to extend the persistence of the effect of eco-friendly mosquito larvicides. Curr. Org. Chem. 20 (2016), 2674–2680.
75. Pitts, R.J., Mozūraitis, R., Gauvin-Bialecki, A., Lempérière, G., The roles of kairomones, synomones and pheromones in the chemically-mediated behaviour of male mosquitoes. Acta Trop., 2014, S26–S34.
76. Pluess, B., Tanser, F.C., Lengeler, C., Sharp, B.L., Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2010, CD006657.
77. Protopopoff, N., Van Bortel, W., Marcotty, T., Van Herp, M., Maes, P., Baza, D., D'Alessandro, U., Coosemans, M., Spatial targeted vector control in the highlands of Burundi and its impact on malaria transmission. Malar. J., 6, 2007, 158.
78. Protopopoff, N., Van Bortel, W., Marcotty, T., Van Herp, M., Maes, P., Baza, D., D'Alessandro, U., Coosemans, M., Spatial targeted vector control is able to reduce malaria prevalence in the highlands of Burundi. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 79 (2008), 12–18.
79. R.T.S,S Clinical Trials Partnership, Efficacy and safety of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 386 (2015), 31–45.
80. Rajaganesh, R., Murugan, K., Panneerselvam, C., Jayashanthini, S., Aziz, A.T., Roni, M., Suresh, U., Trivedi, S., Rehman, H., Higuchi, A., Nicoletti, M., Benelli, G., Fern-synthesized silver nanocrystals: towards a new class of mosquito oviposition deterrents?. Res. Vet. Sci. 109 (2016), 40–51.
81. Ranson, H., Abdallah, H., Badolo, A., Guelbeogo, W.M., Kerah-Hinzoumbe, C., Yangalbe-Kalnone, E., Sagnon, N., Simard, F., Coetzee, M., Insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae: data from the first year of a multi-country study highlight the extent of the problem. Malar. J., 8, 2009, 299.
82. Ranson, H., N'Guessan, R., Lines, J., Moiroux, N., Nkuni, Z., Corbel, V., Pyrethroid resistance in African anopheline mosquitoes: what are the implications for malaria control?. Trends Parasitol. 27 (2011), 91–98.
83. Russell, T.L., Govella, N.J., Azizi, S., Drakeley, C.J., Kachur, S.P., Killeen, G.F., Increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual malaria vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar. J., 10, 2011, 80.
84. Sachs, J., Malaney, P., The economic and social burden of malaria. Nature 415:6872 (2002), 680–685.
85. Shaukat, A.M., Breman, J.G., McKenzie, F.E., Using the entomological inoculation rate to assess the impact of vector control on malaria parasite transmission and elimination. Malar. J., 9, 2010, 122.
86. Silver, M.K., Shao, J., Zhu, B., Chen, M., Xi, Y., Kaciroti, N., Lozoff, B., Meeker, J.D., Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants. Environ. Int., 2017, 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.015.
87. Sinka, M.E., Bangs, M.J., Manguin, S., et al. A global map of dominant malaria vectors. Parasit. Vectors, 5, 2012, 69, 10.1186/1756-3305-5-69.
88. Sternberg, E.D., Ng'habi, K.R., Lyimo, I.N., Kessy, S.T., Farenhorst, M., Thomas, M.B., et al. Eave tubes for malaria control in Africa: initial development and semi-field evaluations in Tanzania. Malar. J., 15, 2016, 447.
89. Stewart, Z.P., Oxborough, R.M., Tungu, P.K., Kirby, M.J., Rowland, M.W., et al. Indoor application of attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) in combination with mosquito nets for control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. PLoS One, 8(12), 2013, e84168, 10.1371/journal.pone.0084168.
90. Su, X.Z., Miller, L.H., The discovery of artemisinin and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Sci. China Life Sci., 58, 2015, 1175.
91. Tabashnik, B.E., Evolution of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39 (1994), 47–79.
92. Tesfazghi, K., Hill, J., Jones, C., Ranson, H., Worrall, E., National malaria vector control policy: an analysis of the decision to scale-up larviciding in Nigeria. Health Policy Plan. 31 (2016), 91–101.
93. The malERA Consultative Group on Vector Control, A research agenda for malaria eradication: vector control. PLoS Med., 8, 2011, e1000401.
94. Tu, Y., The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine. Nature Med. 17 (2011), 1217–1220.
95. WHO, Global Strategic Framework for Integrated Vector Management. 2004, World Health Organization (In WHO/CDS/CPE/PVC/2004. pp. 12).
96. WHO, Malaria Vector Control and Personal Protection. WHO Technical Report Series No 936., 2006.
97. WHO, Report of the WHO Consultation on Integrated Vector Management (IVM)., 2007, World Health Organization, Geneva.
98. WHO, Global Malaria Control and Elimination: Report of a Technical Review., 2008, World Health Organization, Geneva.
99. WHO, Handbook on Integrated Vector Management. 2012, World Health Organization, Geneva.
100. WHO, Background Brief: Malaria Vaccine RTS,S/AS01. 2015 (Updated 23 October 2015).
101. WHO, Global Vector Control Response 2017–2030. 2016 (Updated December 2016).
102. WHO, WHO Updates on Artemisinin Resistance. 2016 (Updated 6 October 2016).
103. WHO, Malaria Fact Sheet. 2017 (Updated April 2017).
104. WHO, Health and Environment Linkages Initiative −HELI Priority Environment and Health Risks. 2017 (www.who.int/heli/risks/vectors/malariacontrol/en/index3. html).
105. WHO, Vector Control Advisory Group (VCAG) on New Paradigms. 2017 (http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/vector_ecology/VCAG/en/ Accessed: May 2017).
106. Waite, J.L., Lynch, P.A., Thomas, M.B., Eave tubes for malaria control in Africa: a modelling assessment of potential impact on transmission. Malar. J., 15, 2016, 449.
107. Walker, K., Lynch, M., Contributions of Anopheles larval control to malaria suppression in tropical Africa: review of achievements and potential. Med. Vet. Entomol. 21 (2007), 2–21.
108. Walshe, D.P., Garner, P., Abdel-Hameed Adeel, A.A., Pyke, G.H., Burkot, T., Larvivorous fish for preventing malaria transmission. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2013, 1––65, 10.1002/14651858.CD008090.pub2.
109. White, M.T., Conteh, L., Cibulskis, R., Ghani, A.C., Costs and cost–effectiveness of malaria control interventions -a systematic review. Malar. J., 10, 2011, 337.
110. White, N.J., Declining malaria transmission and pregnancy outcomes in Southern Mozambique. N. Engl. J. Med. 373 (2015), 1670–1671.
111. Wiwatanaratanabutr, I., Allan, S., Linthicum, K., Kittayapong, P., Strain-specific differences in mating, oviposition, and host-seeking behaviour between Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Aedes albopictus. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 26 (2010), 265–273.
112. Xue, R.D., Barnard, D.R., Ali, A., Laboratory and field evaluation of insect repellents as oviposition deterrents against the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Med. Vet. Entomol. 15 (2001), 126–131.
113. Xue, R.D., Kline, D.L., Ali, A., Barnard, D.R., Application of boric acid baits to plant foliage for adult mosquito control. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 22 (2006), 497–500.
114. Xue, R.D., Ali, A., Kline, D.L., Barnard, D.R., Field evaluation of boric acid and fipronil-based bait stations against adult mosquitoes. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 24 (2008), 415–418.
115. Xue, R.D., Müller, G.C., Kline, D.L., Barnard, D.R., Effects of application rate and persistance of boric acid sugar baits applied to plants for control of Aedes albopictus. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 27 (2011), 56–60.