Biological control of mosquito vectors: Past, present, and future

Insects

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2016, Pages

  Benelli, Giovanni ^a   Jeffries, Claire L ^b   Walker, Thomas ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Arboviruses; Boosted SIT (sterile insect technique); Copepods; Larvivorous fishes; Mosquito borne diseases; Sex pheromones; Sound traps; Sterile insect technique; Swarm manipulation; Wolbachia bacteria

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993999126     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20754450     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/insects7040052     Document Type: Review

References (173)

1. Amer, A.; Mehlhorn, H. Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 2006, 99, 466-472. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. Amer, A.; Mehlhorn, H. Persistency of larvicidal effects of plant oil extracts under different storage conditions. Parasitol. Res. 2006, 99, 473-477. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Semmler, M.; Abdel-Ghaffar, F.; Al-Rasheid, K.; Mehlhorn, H. Nature helps: From research to products against blood-sucking arthropods. Parasitol. Res. 2009, 105, 1483-1487. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. Benelli, G. Plant-borne ovicides in the fight against mosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance: A systematic review. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 3201-3212. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. Liu, N. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: Impact, mechanisms, and research directions. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2015, 60, 537-559. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Ranson, H.; Lissenden, N. Insecticide resistance in African Anopheles mosquitoes: A worsening situation that needs urgent action to maintain malaria control. Trends Parasitol. 2016, 32, 187-196. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. Strode, C.; Donegan, S.; Garner, P.; Enayati, A.A.; Hemingway, J. The impact of pyrethroid resistance on the efficacy of insecticide-treated bed nets against African anopheline mosquitoes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2014, 11, e1001619. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Hemingway, J.; Ranson, H. Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2000, 45, 371-391. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. Naqqash, M.N.; Gokce, A.; Bakhsh, A.; Salim, M. Insecticide resistance and its molecular basis in urban insect pests. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 1363-1373. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Mehlorn, H. Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 4th ed.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2015.
11. Bhatt, S.; Weiss, D.J.; Cameron, E.; Bisanzio, D.; Mappin, B.; Dalrymple, U.; Battle, K.E.; Moyes, C.L.; Henry, A.; Eckhoff, P.A.; et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature 2015, 526, 207-211. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. Hemingway, J.; Ranson, H.; Magill, A.; Kolaczinski, J.; Fornadel, C.; Gimnig, J.; Coetzee, M.; Simard, F.; Roch, D.K.; Hinzoumbe, C.K.; et al. Averting a malaria disaster: Will insecticide resistance derail malaria control? Lancet 2016, 387, 1785-1788. [CrossRef]
13. Benelli, G. Research in mosquito control: Current challenges for a brighter future. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 2801-2805. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. Yakob, L.; Walker, T. Zika virus outbreak in the Americas: The need for novel mosquito control methods. Lancet Glob. Health 2016, 4, e148-e149. [CrossRef]
15. Jeffries, C.L.; Walker, T. The potential use of Wolbachia-based mosquito biocontrol strategies for Japanese encephalitis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015, 9, e0003576. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. Tu, Y. The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine. Nat. Med. 2011, 17, 1217-1220. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. Callaway, E.; Cyranoski, D. Anti-parasite drugs sweep Nobel prize in medicine 2015. Nature 2015, 526, 174-175. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. Pavela, R. Acute toxicity and synergistic and antagonistic effects of the aromatic compounds of some essential oils against Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 3835-3853. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. Madhiyazhagan, P.; Murugan, K.; Kumar, A.N.; Nataraj, T.; Dinesh, D.; Panneerselvam, C.; Subramaniam, J.; Mahesh Kumar, P.; Suresh, U.; Roni, M.; et al. Sargassum muticum-synthesized silver nanoparticles: An effective control tool against mosquito vectors and bacterial pathogens. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 4305-4317. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. Benelli, G. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles as an emerging tool against mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance: A review. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 23-34. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. Subramaniam, J.; Murugan, K.; Panneerselvam, C.; Kovendan, K.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Dinesh, D.; Kumar, P.M.; Chandramohan, B.; Suresh, U.; Rajaganesh, R.; et al. Multipurpose effectiveness of Couroupita guianensis-synthesized gold nanoparticles: High antiplasmodial potential, field efficacy against malaria vectors and synergy with Aplocheilus lineatus predators. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2016, 23, 7543-7558. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. Dinesh, D.; Murugan, K.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Panneerselvam, C.; Kumar, P.M.; Nicoletti, M.; Jiang, W.; Benelli, G.; Chandramohan, B.; Suresh, U. Mosquitocidal and antibacterial activity of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from aloe vera extracts: Towards an effective tool against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi? Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 1519-1529. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. Suresh, U.; Murugan, K.; Benelli, G.; Nicoletti, M.; Barnard, D.R.; Panneerselvam, C.; Kumar, P.M.; Subramaniam, J.; Dinesh, D.; Chandramohan, B. Tackling the growing threat of dengue: Phyllanthus niruri-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their mosquitocidal properties against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 1551-1562. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Louca, V.; Lucas, M.C.; Green, C.; Majambere, S.; Fillinger, U.; Lindsay, S.W. Role of fish as predators of mosquito larvae on the floodplain of the Gambia river. J. Med. Entomol. 2009, 46, 546-556. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. Kumar, R.; Hwang, J.S. Larvicidal efficiency of aquatic predators: A perspective for mosquito biocontrol. Zool. Stud. 2006, 45, 447-466.
26. Griffin, L.F.; Knight, J.M. A review of the role of fish as biological control agents of disease vector mosquitoes in mangrove forests: Reducing human health risks while reducing environmental risk. Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 2012, 20, 243-252. [CrossRef]
27. Chandra, G.; Bhattacharjee, I.; Chatterjee, S.N.; Ghosh, A. Mosquito control by larvivorous fish. Indian J. Med. Res. 2008, 127, 13-27. [PubMed]
28. Kamareddine, L. The biological control of the malaria vector. Toxins 2012, 4, 748-767. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
29. Subramaniam, J.; Murugan, K.; Panneerselvam, C.; Kovendan, K.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Kumar, P.M.; Dinesh, D.; Chandramohan, B.; Suresh, U.; Nicoletti, M.; et al. Eco-friendly control of malaria and arbovirus vectors using the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and ultra-low dosages of Mimusops elengi-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Towards an integrative approach? Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2015, 22, 20067-20083. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
30. Brodman, R.; Dorton, R. The effectiveness of pond-breeding salamanders as agents of larval mosquito control. J. Freshw. Ecol. 2006, 21, 467-474. [CrossRef]
31. Bowatte, G.; Perera, P.; Senevirathne, G.; Meegaskumbura, S.; Meegaskumbura, M. Tadpoles as dengue mosquito (Aedes aegypti) egg predators. Biol. Control 2013, 67, 469-474. [CrossRef]
32. Schaper, S. Evaluation of Costa Rican copepods (Crustacea: Eudecapoda) for larval Aedes aegypti control with special reference to Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1999, 15, 510-519. [PubMed]
33. Vu, S.N.; Nguyen, T.Y.; Kay, B.H.; Marten, G.G.; Reid, J.W. Eradication of Aedes aegypti from a village in Vietnam, using copepods and community participation. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1998, 59, 657-660. [PubMed]
34. Singh, R.K.; Dhiman, R.C.; Singh, S.P. Laboratory studies on the predatory potential of dragon-fly Nymphs on mosquito larvae. J. Commun. Dis. 2003, 35, 96-101. [PubMed]
35. Bailey, P.C.E. The effect of water temperature on the functional-response of the water stick insect Ranatra dispar (Heteroptera, nepidae). Aust. J. Ecol. 1989, 14, 381-386. [CrossRef]
36. Venkatesan, P.; Jeyachandra, C.M. Estimation of mosquito predation by the water bug Diplonychus indicus Venkatesan and Rao. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1985, 23, 227-229. [PubMed]
37. Cloarec, A. Factors influencing the choice of predatory tactics in a water bug, Diplonychus indicus Venk. & Rao (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae). Anim. Behav. 1990, 40, 262-271.
38. Shaalan, E.A.; Canyon, D.V.; Muller, R.; Younes, M.W.; Abdel-Wahab, H.; Mansour, A.H. A mosquito predator survey in Townsville, Australia, and an assessment of Diplonychus sp. and Anisops sp. predatorial capacity against Culex annulirostris mosquito immatures. J. Vector Ecol. 2007, 32, 16-21. [CrossRef]
39. Steffan, W.A.; Evenhuis, N.L. Biology of Toxorhynchites. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1981, 26, 159-181. [CrossRef]
40. Focks, D.A.; Sackett, S.R.; Dame, D.A.; Bailey, D.L. Effect of weekly releases of Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall) on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Orleans, Louisiana. J. Econ. Entomol. 1985, 78, 622-626. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
41. Connor, M.E. Notes on the use of fresh water fish as consumers of mosquito larvae in containers used in the home. Am. J. Public Health 1922, 12, 193-194. [CrossRef]
42. Harrington, R.W.; Harrington, E.S. Effects on fishes and their forage organisms of impounding a Florida salt-marsh to prevent breeding by salt-marsh mosquitos. Bull. Mar. Sci. 1982, 32, 523-531.
43. Van Dam, A.R.;Walton,W.E. Comparison of mosquito control provided by the Arroyo chub (Gila orcutti) and the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 2007, 23, 430-441. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
44. Das, M.K.; Prasad, R.N. Evaluation of mosquito fish Gambusia affinis in the control of mosquito breeding in rice fields. Indian J. Malariol. 1991, 28, 171-177. [PubMed]
45. Walton, W.E. Larvivorous fish including Gambusia. J. Am. Mosq. Control. Assoc. 2007, 23, 184-220. [CrossRef]
46. Ohba, S.Y.; Kawada, H.; Dida, G.O.; Juma, D.; Sonye, G.; Minakawa, N.; Takagi, M. Predators of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in Wetlands, Western Kenya: Confirmation by polymerase chain reaction method. J. Med. Entomol. 2010, 47, 783-787. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
47. Chobu, M.; Nkwengulila, G.; Mahande, A.M.; Mwang’onde, B.J.; Kweka, E.J. Direct and indirect effect of predators on Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Acta Trop. 2015, 142, 131-137. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
48. Kweka, E.J.; Zhou, G.; Gilbreath, T.M., 3rd; Afrane, Y.; Nyindo, M.; Githeko, A.K.; Yan, G. Predation efficiency of Anopheles gambiae larvae by aquatic predators inWestern Kenya Highlands. Parasit. Vectors 2011. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
49. Rupp, H.R. Adverse assessments of Gambusia affinis: An alternate view for mosquito control practitioners. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1996, 12, 155-159; discussion 160-166. [PubMed]
50. Kats, L.B.; Ferrer, R.P. Alien predators and amphibian declines: Review of two decades of science and the transition to conservation. Divers. Distrib. 2003, 9, 99-110. [CrossRef]
51. Marten, G.G.; Astaiza, R.; Suarez, M.F.; Monje, C.; Reid, J.W. Natural control of larval Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) by the Predator mesocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida). J. Med. Entomol. 1989, 26, 624-627. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
52. Rawlins, S.C.; Martinez, R.; Wiltshire, S.; Clarke, D.; Prabhakar, P.; Spinks, M. Evaluation of caribbean strains of Macrocyclops and Mesocyclops (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) as biological control tools for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1997, 13, 18-23. [PubMed]
53. Manrique-Saide, P.; Ibanez-Bernal, S.; Delfin-Gonzalez, H.; Parra Tabla, V. Mesocyclops longisetus effects on survivorship of Aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1998, 12, 386-390. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
54. Mahesh Kumar, P.; Murugan, K.; Kovendan, K.; Panneerselvam, C.; Prasanna Kumar, K.; Amerasan, D.; Subramaniam, J.; Kalimuthu, K.; Nataraj, T. Mosquitocidal activity of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract and copepod Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides for the control of dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Parasitol. Res. 2012, 111, 609-618. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
55. Murugan, K.; Benelli, G.; Ayyappan, S.; Dinesh, D.; Panneerselvam, C.; Nicoletti, M.; Hwang, J.S.; Kumar, P.M.; Subramaniam, J.; Suresh, U. Toxicity of seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus and its impact on predation efficiency of the cyclopoid crustacean Mesocyclops longisetus. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 2243-2253. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
56. Murugan, K.; Benelli, G.; Panneerselvam, C.; Subramaniam, J.; Jeyalalitha, T.; Dinesh, D.; Nicoletti, M.; Hwang, J.S.; Suresh, U.; Madhiyazhagan, P. Cymbopogon citratus-synthesized gold nanoparticles boost the predation efficiency of copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against malaria and dengue mosquitoes. Exp. Parasitol. 2015, 153, 129-138. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
57. Anbu, P.; Murugan, K.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Dinesh, D.; Subramaniam, J.; Panneerselvam, C.; Suresh, U.; Alarfaj, A.A.; Munusamy, M.A.; Higuchi, A.; et al. Green-synthesised nanoparticles from Melia azedarach seeds and the cyclopoid crustacean Cyclops vernalis: An eco-friendly route to control the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi? Nat. Prod. Res. 2015, 1-8.
58. Chandramohan, B.; Murugan, K.; Kovendan, K.; Panneerselvam, C.; Mahesh Kumar, P.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Dinesh, D.; Suresh, U.; Subramaniam, J.; Amaresan, D.; et al. Nanoparticles in the fight against parasites. Parasitol. Res. Monogr. 2016, 8, 173-190.
59. Soumare, M.K.; Cilek, J.E. The effectiveness of Mesocyclops longisetus (Copepoda) for the control of container-inhabiting mosquitoes in residential environments. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 2011, 27, 376-383. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
60. Chitra, T.; Murugan, K.; Naresh Kumar, A.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Nataraj, T.; Indumathi, D.; Hwang, J.S. Laboratory and field efficacy of Pedalium murex and predatory copepod Mesocyclops longisetus on rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. 2013, 3, 111-118. [CrossRef]
61. Vu, S.N.; Nguyen, T.Y.; Tran, V.P.; Truong, U.N.; Le, Q.M.; Le, V.L.; Le, T.N.; Bektas, A.; Briscombe, A.; Aaskov, J.G.; et al. Elimination of dengue by community programs using Mesocyclops (Copepoda) against Aedes aegypti in Central Vietnam. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2005, 72, 67-73. [PubMed]
62. Kay, B.H.; Tuyet Hanh, T.T.; Le, N.H.; Quy, T.M.; Nam, V.S.; Hang, P.V.; Yen, N.T.; Hill, P.S.; Vos, T.; Ryan, P.A. Sustainability and cost of a community-based strategy against Aedes aegypti in Northern and Central Vietnam. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2010, 82, 822-830. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
63. Sinh Nam, V.; Thi Yen, N.; Minh Duc, H.; Cong Tu, T.; Trong Thang, V.; Hoang Le, N.; Hoang San, L.; Le Loan, L.; Que Huong, V.T.; Kim Khanh, L.H.; et al. Community-based control of Aedes aegypti by using Mesocyclops in Southern Vietnam. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2012, 86, 850-859. [PubMed]
64. Hales, S.; van Panhuis, W. A new strategy for dengue control. Lancet 2005, 365, 551-552. [CrossRef]
65. Rawlins, S.C.; Clark, G.G.; Martinez, R. Effects of single introduction of Toxorhynchites moctezuma upon Aedes aegypti on a Caribbean Island. J. Am. Mosq. Control. Assoc. 1991, 7, 7-10. [PubMed]
66. Aditya, G.; Ash, A.; Saha, G.K. Predatory activity of Rhantus sikkimensis and larvae of Toxorhynchites splendens on mosquito larvae in Darjeeling, India. J. Vector Borne Dis. 2006, 43, 66-72. [PubMed]
67. Kumar, P.M.; Murugan, K.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Kovendan, K.; Amerasan, D.; Chandramohan, B.; Dinesh, D.; Suresh, U.; Nicoletti, M.; Alsalhi, M.S.; et al. Biosynthesis, characterization, and acute toxicity of Berberis tinctoria-fabricated silver nanoparticles against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the mosquito predators Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 751-759. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
68. Marian, M.P.; Christopher, M.S.M.; Selvaraj, A.M.; Pandian, T.J. Studies on predation of the mosquito Culex fatigans by Ranatigrina tadpoles. Hydrobiologia 1983, 106, 59-63. [CrossRef]
69. Raghavendra, K.; Sharma, P.; Dash, A.P. Biological control of mosquito populations through frogs: Opportunities & constrains. Indian J. Med. Res. 2008, 128, 22-25. [PubMed]
70. Murugan, K.; Priyanka, V.; Dinesh, D.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Panneerselvam, C.; Subramaniam, J.; Suresh, U.; Chandramohan, B.; Roni, M.; Nicoletti, M.; et al. Predation by Asian bullfrog tadpoles, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, in an aquatic environment treated with mosquitocidal nanoparticles. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 3601-3610. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
71. Weterings, R. Tadpoles of three common anuran species from Thailand do not prey on mosquito larvae. J. Vector Ecol. 2015, 40, 230-232. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
72. Kalimuthu, K.; Lin, S.M.; Tseng, L.C.; Murugan, K.; Hwang, J.S. Bio-efficacy potential of Seaweed gracilaria firma with copepod, Megacyclops formosanus for the control larvae of dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Hydrobiologia 2014, 741, 113-123. [CrossRef]
73. Murugan, K.; Venus, J.S.; Panneerselvam, C.; Bedini, S.; Conti, B.; Nicoletti, M.; Sarkar, S.K.; Hwang, J.S.; Subramaniam, J.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; et al. Biosynthesis, mosquitocidal and antibacterial properties of Toddalia asiatica-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Do they impact predation of guppy Poecilia reticulata against the filariasis mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus? Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2015, 22, 17053-17064. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
74. Chandramohan, B.; Murugan, K.; Panneerselvam, C.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Chandirasekar, R.; Dinesh, D.; Kumar, P.M.; Kovendan, K.; Suresh, U.; Subramaniam, J.; et al. Characterization and mosquitocidal potential of neem cake-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Genotoxicity and impact on predation efficiency of mosquito natural enemies. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 1015-1025. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
75. Murugan, K.; Dinesh, D.; Kumar, P.J.; Panneerselvam, C.; Subramaniam, J.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Suresh, U.; Nicoletti, M.; Alarfaj, A.A.; Munusamy, M.A.; et al. Datura metel-synthesized silver nanoparticles magnify predation of dragonfly nymphs against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 4645-4654. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
76. Murugan, K.; Nataraj, D.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Sujitha, V.; Chandramohan, B.; Panneerselvam, C.; Dinesh, D.; Chandirasekar, R.; Kovendan, K.; Suresh, U.; et al. Carbon and silver nanoparticles in the fight against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus: Genotoxicity and impact on behavioral traits of non-target aquatic organisms. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 1071-1083. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
77. Murugan, K.; Labeeba, M.A.; Panneerselvam, C.; Dinesh, D.; Suresh, U.; Subramaniam, J.; Madhiyazhagan, P.; Hwang, J.S.; Wang, L.; Nicoletti, M.; et al. Aristolochia indica green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: A sustainable control tool against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi? Res. Vet. Sci. 2015, 102, 127-135. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
78. Becker, N. Microbial control of mosquitoes: Management of the upper rhine mosquito population as a model programme. Parasitol. Today 1997, 13, 485-487. [CrossRef]
79. Lacey, L.A. Bacillus thuringiensis serovariety israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus for mosquito control. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 2007, 23, 133-163. [CrossRef]
80. Novak, R.J.; Gubler, D.J.; Underwood, D. Evaluation of slow-release formulations of temephos (Abate) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of Aedes aegypti in Puerto Rico. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1985, 1, 449-453. [PubMed]
81. Armengol, G.; Hernandez, J.; Velez, J.G.; Orduz, S. Long-lasting effects of a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis experimental tablet formulation for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) control. J. Econ. Entomol. 2006, 99, 1590-1595. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
82. Ritchie, S.A.; Rapley, L.P.; Benjamin, S. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) provides residual control of Aedes aegypti in small containers. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2010, 82, 1053-1059. [PubMed]
83. Lam, P.H.; Boon, C.S.; Yng, N.Y.; Benjamin, S. Aedes albopictus control with spray application of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, strain AM 65-52. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 2010, 41, 1071-1081. [PubMed]
84. Georghiou, G.P.;Wirth, M.C. Influence of exposure to single versus multiple toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis on development of resistance in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997, 63, 1095-1101. [PubMed]
85. Gómez-Dantés, H.; Willoquet, J.R. Dengue in the Americas: Challenges for prevention and control. Cad. Saude Publica 2009, 25, S19-S31. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
86. Scholte, E.J.; Knols, B.G.; Samson, R.A.; Takken, W. Entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: A review. J. Insect Sci. 2004. [CrossRef]
87. Knols, B.G.; Bukhari, T.; Farenhorst, M. Entomopathogenic fungi as the next-generation control agents against malaria mosquitoes. Future Microbiol. 2010, 5, 339-341. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
88. Blanford, S.; Chan, B.H.; Jenkins, N.; Sim, D.; Turner, R.J.; Read, A.F.; Thomas, M.B. Fungal pathogen reduces potential for malaria transmission. Science 2005, 308, 1638-1641. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
89. Paula, A.R.; Carolino, A.T.; Paula, C.O.; Samuels, R.I. The combination of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with the insecticide imidacloprid increases virulence against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit. Vectors 2011. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
90. Paula, A.R.; Carolino, A.T.; Silva, C.P.; Samuels, R.I. Susceptibility of adult female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is modified following blood feeding. Parasit. Vectors 2011. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
91. Darbro, J.M.; Johnson, P.H.; Thomas, M.B.; Ritchie, S.A.; Kay, B.H.; Ryan, P.A. Effects of Beauveria bassiana on survival, blood-feeding success, and fecundity of Aedes aegypti in laboratory and semi-field conditions. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2012, 86, 656-664. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
92. Scholte, E.J.; Takken, W.; Knols, B.G. Infection of adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Acta Trop. 2007, 102, 151-158. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
93. Mnyone, L.L.; Kirby, M.J.; Lwetoijera, D.W.; Mpingwa, M.W.; Simfukwe, E.T.; Knols, B.G.; Takken, W.; Russell, T.L. Tools for delivering entomopathogenic fungi to malaria mosquitoes: Effects of delivery surfaces on fungal efficacy and persistence. Malar. J. 2010. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
94. Darbro, J.M.; Thomas, M.B. Spore persistence and likelihood of aeroallergenicity of entomopathogenic fungi used for mosquito control. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2009, 80, 992-997. [PubMed]
95. Zug, R.; Hammerstein, P. Still a host of hosts for Wolbachia: Analysis of recent data suggests that 40% of terrestrial arthropod species are infected. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e38544. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
96. Baldini, F.; Segata, N.; Pompon, J.; Marcenac, P.; Shaw, W.R.; Dabire, R.K.; Diabate, A.; Levashina, E.A.; Catteruccia, F. Evidence of natural Wolbachia infections in field populations of Anopheles gambiae. Nat. Commun. 2014. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
97. Laven, H. Eradication of Culex pipiens fatigans through cytoplasmic incompatibility. Nature 1967, 216, 383-384. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
98. Brelsfoard, C.L.; Dobson, S.L. Wolbachia effects on host fitness and the influence of male aging on cytoplasmic incompatibility in Aedes polynesiensis (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 2011, 48, 1008-1015. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
99. Zhang, D.; Zheng, X.; Xi, Z.; Bourtzis, K.; Gilles, J.R. Combining the sterile insect technique with the incompatible insect technique: I-impact of Wolbachia infection on the fitness of triple- and double-infected strains of Aedes albopictus. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0121126. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
100. O’Connor, L.; Plichart, C.; Sang, A.C.; Brelsfoard, C.L.; Bossin, H.C.; Dobson, S.L. Open release of male mosquitoes infected with a Wolbachia biopesticide: Field performance and infection containment. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012, 6, e1797. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
101. Brelsfoard, C.L.; St. Clair, W.; Dobson, S.L. Integration of irradiation with cytoplasmic incompatibility to facilitate a lymphatic filariasis vector elimination approach. Parasit. Vectors 2009. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
102. Zhang, D.; Lees, R.S.; Xi, Z.; Gilles, J.R.; Bourtzis, K. Combining the sterile insect technique with Wolbachia-based approaches: II-A safer approach to Aedes albopictus population suppression programmes, designed to minimize the consequences of inadvertent female release. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0135194. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
103. Zhang, D.; Lees, R.S.; Xi, Z.; Bourtzis, K.; Gilles, J.R. Combining the sterile insect technique with the incompatible insect technique: Iii-robust mating competitiveness of irradiated triple Wolbachia-infected Aedes albopictus males under semi-field conditions. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0151864. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
104. Min, K.T.; Benzer, S. Wolbachia, normally a symbiont of Drosophila, can be virulent, causing degeneration and early death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 10792-10796. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
105. Teixeira, L.; Ferreira, A.; Ashburner, M. The bacterial symbiont Wolbachia induces resistance to RNA viral infections in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Biol. 2008, 6, e2. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
106. Hedges, L.M.; Brownlie, J.C.; O’Neill, S.L.; Johnson, K.N. Wolbachia and virus protection in insects. Science 2008. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
107. Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Walker, T.; O’Neill, S.L. Wolbachia and the biological control of mosquito-borne disease. EMBO Rep. 2011, 12, 508-518. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
108. Xi, Z.; Dean, J.L.; Khoo, C.; Dobson, S.L. Generation of a novel Wolbachia infection in Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) via embryonic microinjection. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2005, 35, 903-910. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
109. McMeniman, C.J.; Lane, R.V.; Cass, B.N.; Fong, A.W.; Sidhu, M.; Wang, Y.F.; O’Neill, S.L. Stable introduction of a life-shortening Wolbachia infection into the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Science 2009, 323, 141-144. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
110. Walker, T.; Johnson, P.H.; Moreira, L.A.; Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Frentiu, F.D.; McMeniman, C.J.; Leong, Y.S.; Dong, Y.; Axford, J.; Kriesner, P.; et al. The wmel Wolbachia strain blocks dengue and invades caged Aedes aegypti populations. Nature 2011, 476, 450-453. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
111. Joubert, D.A.; Walker, T.; Carrington, L.B.; De Bruyne, J.T.; Kien, D.H.; Hoang Nle, T.; Chau, N.V.; Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Simmons, C.P.; O’Neill, S.L. Establishment of a Wolbachia superinfection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a potential approach for future resistance management. PLoS Pathog. 2016, 12, e1005434. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
112. Moreira, L.A.; Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Jeffery, J.A.; Lu, G.; Pyke, A.T.; Hedges, L.M.; Rocha, B.C.; Hall-Mendelin, S.; Day, A.; Riegler, M.; et al. A Wolbachia symbiont in Aedes aegypti limits infection with dengue, chikungunya, and Plasmodium. Cell 2009, 139, 1268-1278. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
113. Bian, G.; Xu, Y.; Lu, P.; Xie, Y.; Xi, Z. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia induces resistance to dengue virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Pathog. 2010, 6, e1000833. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
114. Hoffmann, A.A.; Montgomery, B.L.; Popovici, J.; Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Johnson, P.H.; Muzzi, F.; Greenfield, M.; Durkan, M.; Leong, Y.S.; Dong, Y.; et al. Successful establishment of Wolbachia in Aedes populations to suppress dengue transmission. Nature 2011, 476, 454-457. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
115. Ferguson, N.M.; Kien, D.T.; Clapham, H.; Aguas, R.; Trung, V.T.; Chau, T.N.; Popovici, J.; Ryan, P.A.; O’Neill, S.L.; McGraw, E.A.; et al. Modeling the impact on virus transmission of Wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus infection of Aedes aegypti. Sci. Transl. Med. 2015. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
116. Aliota, M.T.;Walker, E.C.; Uribe Yepes, A.; Dario Velez, I.; Christensen, B.M.; Osorio, J.E. The wMel strain of Wolbachia reduces transmission of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2016, 10, e0004677. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
117. Van den Hurk, A.F.; Hall-Mendelin, S.; Pyke, A.T.; Frentiu, F.D.; McElroy, K.; Day, A.; Higgs, S.; O’Neill, S.L. Impact of Wolbachia on infection with chikungunya and yellow fever viruses in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012, 6, e1892. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
118. Bian, G.; Joshi, D.; Dong, Y.; Lu, P.; Zhou, G.; Pan, X.; Xu, Y.; Dimopoulos, G.; Xi, Z. Wolbachia invades Anopheles stephensi populations and induces refractoriness to Plasmodium infection. Science 2013, 340, 748-751. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
119. Hughes, G.L.; Koga, R.; Xue, P.; Fukatsu, T.; Rasgon, J.L. Wolbachia infections are virulent and inhibit the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles gambiae. PLoS Pathog. 2011, 7, e1002043. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
120. Dutra, H.L.; Rocha, M.N.; Dias, F.B.; Mansur, S.B.; Caragata, E.P.; Moreira, L.A. Wolbachia blocks currently circulating Zika virus isolates in Brazilian Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Cell Host Microbe 2016, 19, 771-774. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
121. Jeffries, C.L.; Walker, T. Biocontrol strategies for arboviral diseases and the potential influence of resident strains in mosquitoes. Curr. Trop. Med. Rep. 2016, 3, 20-25. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
122. Vreysen, M.J.; Saleh, K.; Mramba, F.; Parker, A.; Feldmann, U.; Dyck, V.A.; Msangi, A.; Bouyer, J. Sterile insects to enhance agricultural development: The case of sustainable tsetse eradication on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, using an area-wide integrated pest management approach. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2014, 8, e2857. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
123. Devine, G.J.; Perea, E.Z.; Killeen, G.F.; Stancil, J.D.; Clark, S.J.; Morrison, A.C. Using adult mosquitoes to transfer insecticides to Aedes aegypti larval habitats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106, 11530-11534. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
124. Lees, R.S.; Knols, B.; Bellini, R.; Benedict, M.Q.; Bheecarry, A.; Bossin, H.C.; Chadee, D.D.; Charlwood, J.; Dabire, R.K.; Djogbenou, L.; et al. Review: Improving our knowledge of male mosquito biology in relation to genetic control programmes. Acta Trop. 2014, 132, s2-s11. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
125. Caputo, B.; Ienco, A.; Cianci, D.; Pombi, M.; Petrarca, V.; Baseggio, A.; Devine, G.J.; della Torre, A. The "auto-dissemination" approach: A novel concept to fight Aedes albopictus in urban areas. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012, 6, e1793. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
126. Bouyer, J.; Lefrancois, T. Boosting the sterile insect technique to control mosquitoes. Trends Parasitol. 2014, 30, 271-273. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
127. Bouyer, J.; Chandre, F.; Gilles, J.; Baldet, T. Alternative vector control methods to manage the Zika virus outbreak: More haste, less speed. Lancet Glob. Health 2016, 4, e364. [CrossRef]
128. Hirunkanokpun, S.; Carlson, J.O.; Kittayapong, P. Evaluation of mosquito densoviruses for controlling Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Variation in efficiency due to virus strain and geographic origin of mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2008, 78, 784-790. [PubMed]
129. De Wise Valdez, M.R.; Suchman, E.L.; Carlson, J.O.; Black, W.C. A large scale laboratory cage trial of Aedes densonucleosis virus (AeDNV). J. Med. Entomol 2010, 47, 392-399. [CrossRef]
130. Burivong, P.; Pattanakitsakul, S.N.; Thongrungkiat, S.; Malasit, P.; Flegel, T.W. Markedly reduced severity of dengue virus infection in mosquito cell cultures persistently infected with Aedes albopictus densovirus (AaLDNV). Virology 2004, 329, 261-269. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
131. Wei, W.; Shao, D.; Huang, X.; Li, J.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, J. The pathogenicity of mosquito densovirus (C6/36DNV) and its interaction with dengue virus type II in Aedes albopictus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2006, 75, 1118-1126. [PubMed]
132. Mosimann, A.L.; Bordignon, J.; Mazzarotto, G.C.; Motta, M.C.; Hoffmann, F.; Santos, C.N. Genetic and biological characterization of a densovirus isolate that affects dengue virus infection. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2011, 106, 285-292. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
133. Sivaram, A.; Barde, P.V.; Gokhale, M.D.; Singh, D.K.; Mourya, D.T. Evidence of co-infection of chikungunya and densonucleosis viruses in C6/36 cell lines and laboratory infected Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes. Parasit. Vectors 2010. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
134. Thomas, D.D.; Donnelly, C.A.; Wood, R.J.; Alphey, L.S. Insect population control using a dominant, repressible, lethal genetic system. Science 2000, 287, 2474-2476. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
135. Harris, A.F.; McKemey, A.R.; Nimmo, D.; Curtis, Z.; Black, I.; Morgan, S.A.; Oviedo, M.N.; Lacroix, R.; Naish, N.; Morrison, N.I.; et al. Successful suppression of a field mosquito population by sustained release of engineered male mosquitoes. Nat. Biotechnol. 2012, 30, 828-830. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
136. Lacroix, R.; Delatte, H.; Hue, T.; Reiter, P. Dispersal and survival of male and female Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) on Reunion Island. J. Med. Entomol. 2009, 46, 1117-1124. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
137. Carvalho, D.O.; McKemey, A.R.; Garziera, L.; Lacroix, R.; Donnelly, C.A.; Alphey, L.; Malavasi, A.; Capurro, M.L. Suppression of a Field Population of Aedes aegypti in Brazil by Sustained Release of Transgenic Male Mosquitoes. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015, 9, e0003864. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
138. Phuc, H.K.; Andreasen, M.H.; Burton, R.S.; Vass, C.; Epton, M.J.; Pape, G.; Fu, G.; Condon, K.C.; Scaife, S.; Donnelly, C.A.; et al. Late-acting dominant lethal genetic systems and mosquito control. BMC Biol. 2007. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
139. Schliekelman, P.; Ellner, S.; Gould, F. Pest control by genetic manipulation of sex ratio. J. Econ. Entomol. 2005, 98, 18-34. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
140. Robinson, A.S. Sex-ratio manipulation in relation to insect pest control. Annu. Rev. Genet. 1983, 17, 191-214. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
141. Galizi, R.; Doyle, L.A.; Menichelli, M.; Bernardini, F.; Deredec, A.; Burt, A.; Stoddard, B.L.; Windbichler, N.; Crisanti, A. A synthetic sex ratio distortion system for the control of the human malaria mosquito. Nat. Commun. 2014. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
142. Rai, K.S.; Black, W.C.T. Mosquito genomes: Structure, organization, and evolution. Adv. Genet. 1999, 41, 1-33. [PubMed]
143. Benelli, G.; Mehlhorn, H. Declining malaria, rising of dengue and Zika virus: Insights for mosquito vector control. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 1747-1754. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
144. Lees, R.S.; Gilles, J.R.L.; Hendrichs, J.; Vreysen, M.J.B.; Bourtzis, K. Back to the future: The sterile insect technique against mosquito disease vectors. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 2015, 10, 156-162. [CrossRef]
145. Oliva, C.F.; Vreysen, M.J.; Dupe, S.; Lees, R.S.; Gilles, J.R.; Gouagna, L.C.; Chhem, R. Current status and future challenges for controlling malaria with the sterile insect technique: Technical and social perspectives. Acta Trop. 2013, 1321, S130-S139. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
146. Helinski, M.E.; Harrington, L.C. Male mating history and body size influence female fecundity and longevity of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. J. Med. Entomol. 2011, 48, 202-211. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
147. Ponlawat, A.; Harrington, L.C. Age and body size influence male sperm capacity of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 2007, 44, 422-426. [CrossRef]
148. Cator, L.J.; Arthur, B.J.; Ponlawat, A.; Harrington, L.C. Behavioral observations and sound recordings of free-flight mating swarms of Ae. aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. J. Med. Entomol. 2011, 48, 941-946. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
149. Benelli, G. The best time to have sex: Mating behaviour and effect of daylight time on male sexual competitiveness in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 887-894. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
150. South, S.H.; Arnqvist, G. Evidence of monandry in a mosquito (Sabethes cyaneus) with elaborate ornaments in both sexes. J. Insect Behav. 2008, 21, 451-459. [CrossRef]
151. Zsemlye, J.L.; Hancock, R.G.; Foster, W.A. Analysis of a complex vertical copulatory-courtship display in the yellow fever vector Sabethes chloropterus. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2005, 19, 276-285. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
152. South, S.H.; Steiner, D.; Arnqvist, G. Male mating costs in a polygynous mosquito with ornaments expressed in both sexes. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2009, 276, 3671-3678. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
153. Philips, T.K.; Hancock, R.G.; Foster, W.A. Epigamic display and unique mating position in Wyeomyia arthrostigma (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Insect Behav. 1996, 9, 739-753. [CrossRef]
154. Balestrino, F.; Medici, A.; Candini, G.; Carrieri, M.; Maccagnani, B.; Calvitti, M.; Maini, S.; Bellini, R. Gamma ray dosimetry and mating capacity studies in the laboratory on Aedes albopictus males. J. Med. Entomol. 2010, 47, 581-591. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
155. Wiwatanaratanabutr, I.; Allan, S.; Linthicum, K.; Kittayapong, P. Strain-specific differences in mating, oviposition, and host-seeking behavior between Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Aedes albopictus. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 2010, 26, 265-273. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
156. Boyer, S.; Gilles, J.; Merancienne, D.; Lemperiere, G.; Fontenille, D. Sexual performance of male mosquito Aedes albopictus. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2011, 25, 454-459. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
157. Oliva, C.F.; Jacquet, M.; Gilles, J.; Lemperiere, G.; Maquart, P.O.; Quilici, S.; Schooneman, F.; Vreysen, M.J.; Boyer, S. The sterile insect technique for controlling populations of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) on Reunion Island: Mating vigour of sterilized males. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e49414. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
158. Bellini, R.; Balestrino, F.; Medici, A.; Gentile, G.; Veronesi, R.; Carrieri, M. Mating competitiveness of Aedes albopictus radio-sterilized males in large enclosures exposed to natural conditions. J. Med. Entomol. 2013, 50, 94-102. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
159. Hamady, D.; Ruslan, N.B.; Ahmad, A.H.; Rawi, C.S.; Ahmad, H.; Satho, T.; Miake, F.; Zuharah, W.F.; FuKumitsu, Y.; Saad, A.R.; et al. Colonized Aedes albopictus and its sexual performance in the wild: Implications for sit technology and containment. Parasit. Vectors 2013. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
160. Moretti, R.; Calvitti, M. Male mating performance and cytoplasmic incompatibility in a wPip Wolbachia trans-infected line of Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta). Med. Vet. Entomol. 2013, 27, 377-386. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
161. Madakacherry, O.; Lees, R.S.; Gilles, J.R.L. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) males in laboratory and semi-field cages: Release ratios and mating competitiveness. Acta Trop. 2014, 132, S124-S129. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
162. Oliva, C.F.; Damiens, D.; Vreysen, M.J.; Lemperiere, G.; Gilles, J. Reproductive strategies of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and implications for the sterile insect technique. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e78884. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
163. Benelli, G.; Romano, D.; Messing, R.H.; Canale, A. First report of behavioural lateralisation in mosquitoes: Right-biased kicking behaviour against males in females of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Parasitol. Res. 2015, 114, 1613-1617. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
164. Cabrera, M.; Jaffe, K. An aggregation pheromone modulates lekking behavior in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 2007, 23, 1-10. [CrossRef]
165. Pitts, R.J.; Mozuaraitis, R.; Gauvin-Bialecki, A.; Lemperiere, G. The roles of kairomones, synomones and pheromones in the chemically-mediated behaviour of male mosquitoes. Acta Trop. 2014, 132, S26-S34. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
166. Kahn, M.C.; Offenhauser, W., Jr. The first field tests of recorded mosquito sounds used for mosquito destruction. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1949, 29, 811-825. [PubMed]
167. Kanda, T.; Loong, K.P.; Chiang, G.L.; Cheong, W.H.; Lim, T.W. Field study on sound trapping and the development of trapping method for both sexes of Mansonia in malaysia. Trop. Biomed. 1988, 5, 37-42.
168. Ikeshoji, T. Acoustic attraction of male mosquitoes in a cage. Med. Entomol. Zool. 1981, 32, 7-15. [CrossRef]
169. Diabate, A.; Tripet, F. Targeting male mosquito mating behaviour for malaria control. Parasit. Vectors 2015. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
170. Cator, L.J.; Harrington, L.C. The harmonic convergence of fathers predicts the mating success of sons in Aedes aegypti. Anim. Behav. 2011, 82, 627-633. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
171. Benelli, G.; Daane, K.M.; Canale, A.; Niu, C.Y.; Messing, R.H.; Vargas, R.I. Sexual communication and related behaviours in Tephritidae: Current knowledge and potential applications for integrated pest management. J. Pest Sci. 2014, 87, 385-405. [CrossRef]
172. Charlwood, J.D.; Pinto, J.; Sousa, C.A.; Ferreira, C.; do Rosario, V.E. Male size does not affect mating success (of Anopheles gambiae in Sao Tome). Med. Vet. Entomol. 2002, 16, 109-111. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
173. Diabate, A.; Yaro, A.S.; Dao, A.; Diallo, M.; Huestis, D.L.; Lehmann, T. Spatial distribution and male mating success of Anopheles gambiae swarms. BMC Evol. Biol. 2011. [CrossRef] [PubMed]