Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand

Tobacco Control

Volumn 26, Issue e1, 2017, Pages e37-e42

  Donny, Eric C ^a   Walker, Natalie ^b   Hatsukami, Dorothy ^c   Bullen, Chris ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NICOTINE;

ANALYSIS; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; NEW ZEALAND; PROCEDURES; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TOBACCO; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE;

ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; NEW ZEALAND; NICOTINE; SMOKERS; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

EID: 85021287664     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053186     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Benowitz NL, Henningfield JE. Establishing a nicotine threshold for addiction. The implications for tobacco regulation. N Engl J Med 1994;331:123-5.
2. New Zealand Ministry of Health. Policy options for the regulation of electronic cigarettes: a consultation document. Secondary Policy options for the regulation of electronic cigarettes: a consultation document. 2016. http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/policy-options-regulation-electronic-cigarettes-consultation-document
3. World Health Organisation Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. Global nicotine reduction strategy. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015. http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/prod-regulation/nicotine-reduction/en/
4. Benowitz NL, Dains KM, Hall SM, et al. Smoking behavior and exposure to tobacco toxicants during 6 months of smoking progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21:761-9.
5. Donny EC, Denlinger RL, Tidey JW, et al. Randomized trial of reduced-nicotine standards for cigarettes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:1340-9.
6. Denlinger R, Smith T, Murphy S, et al. Nicotine and anatabine exposure from very low nicotine content cigarettes. Tob Regul Sci 2016;2:186-203.
7. Walker N, Fraser T, Howe C, et al. Abrupt nicotine reduction as an endgame policy: a randomised trial. Tob Control 2015;24:e251-7.
8. Donny EC, Houtsmuller E, Stitzer ML. Smoking in the absence of nicotine: behavioral, subjective and physiological effects over 11 days. Addiction 2007;102:324-34.
9. Hatsukami DK, Kotlyar M, Hertsgaard LA, et al. Reduced nicotine content cigarettes: effects on toxicant exposure, dependence and cessation. Addiction 2010;105:343-55.
10. Hatsukami DK, Hertsgaard LA, Vogel RI, et al. Reduced nicotine content cigarettes and nicotine patch. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013;22:1015-24.
11. Becker KM, Rose JE, Albino AP. A randomized trial of nicotine replacement therapy in combination with reduced-nicotine cigarettes for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2008;10:1139-48.
12. Walker N, Howe C, Bullen C, et al. The combined effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes, used as an adjunct to usual Quitline care (nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural support), on smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2012;107:1857-67.
13. United States Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: nicotine addiction, a report of the Surgeon General. 1988.
14. Coffa BG, Coggins CR, Werley MS, et al. Chemical, physical, and in vitro characterization of research cigarettes containing denicotinized tobacco. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016;79:64-73.
15. Richter P, Steven PR, Bravo R, et al. Characterization of SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes. Tob Reg Sci 2016;2:94-105.
16. Hammond D, O'Connor RJ. Reduced nicotine cigarettes: smoking behavior and biomarkers of exposure among smokers not intending to quit. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23:2032-40.
17. Mercincavage M, Souprountchouk V, Tang KZ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettes on smoking behaviors, biomarkers of exposure, and subjective ratings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25:1125-33.
18. Ding YS, Ward J, Hammond D, et al. Mouth-level intake of benzo[a]pyrene from reduced nicotine cigarettes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014;11:11898-914.
19. Tengs TO, Ahmad S, Savage JM, et al. The AMA proposal to mandate nicotine reduction in cigarettes: a simulation of the population health impacts. Prev Med 2005;40:170-80.
20. Schassburger RL, Pitzer EM, Smith TT, et al. Adolescent rats self-administer less nicotine than adults at low doses. Nicotine Tob Res 2016;18:1861-8.
21. Hatsukami DK, Benowitz NL, Donny E, et al. Nicotine reduction: strategic research plan. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:1003-13.
22. Kozlowski LT. Cigarette prohibition and the need for more prior testing of the WHO TobReg's global nicotine-reduction strategy. Tob Control 2017;26:e31-e34.
23. Daynard R. Regulatory approaches to ending cigarette-caused death and disease in the United States. Am J Law Med 2013;39:290-7.
24. Hall W, West R. Thinking about the unthinkable: a de facto prohibition on smoked tobacco products. Addiction 2008;103:873-4.
25. Shatenstein S. Eliminating nicotine in cigarettes. Tob Control 1999;8:106; author reply 107-9.
26. Henningfield JE, Benowitz NL, Slade J, et al. Reducing the addictiveness of cigarettes. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Tob Control 1998;7:281-93.
27. Jarvis MJ, Bates C. Eliminating nicotine in cigarettes. Tob Control 1999;8:106-7; author reply 107-9.
28. Laugesen M. Eliminating nicotine in cigarettes. Tob Control 1999;8:107-9.
29. Douglas CE. Taking aim at the bull's-eye: the nicotine in tobacco products. Tob Control 1998;7:215-18.
30. Benowitz NL, Henningfield JE. Reducing the nicotine content to make cigarettes less addictive. Tob Control 2013;22(Suppl 1):i14-17.
31. Bates C. The tobacco endgame: a critique of policy proposals aimed at ending tobacco use. 2015. http://www.clivebates.com/documents/endgame.pdf
32. Lindbloom EN. Filling in the blanks on reducing tobacco product addictiveness in the FCTC partial guidelines for Articles 9 and 10. 2014. http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2410&context=facpub
33. Laugesen M. Modelling a two-tier tobacco excise tax policy to reduce smoking by focusing on the addictive component (nicotine) more than the tobacco weight. N Z Med J 2012;125:35-48.
34. Hatsukami DK, Donny EC, Koopmeiners JS, et al. Compensatory smoking from gradual and immediate reduction in cigarette nicotine content. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24:472-6.
35. Macqueen DA, Heckman BW, Blank MD, et al. Transient compensatory smoking in response to placebo cigarettes. Psychopharmacol 2012;223:47-54.
36. Kozlowski LT, O'Connor RJ. Cigarette filter ventilation is a defective design because of misleading taste, bigger puffs, and blocked vents. Tob Control 2002;11(Suppl 1): I40-50.
37. Gaalema DE, Miller ME, Tidey JW. Predicted impact of nicotine reduction on smokers with affective disorders. Tob Reg Sci 2015;1:154-65.
38. Tidey JW, Miller ME. Smoking cessation and reduction in people with chronic mental illness. BMJ 2015;351:h4065.
39. Tidey JW, Pacek LR, Koopmeiners JS, et al. Effects of 6-weeks use if reduced-nicotine content cigarettes in smokers with and without elevated depressive symptoms. Nicotine Tob Res Published Online First: 3 Aug 2016. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw199.
40. Tidey JW, Rohsenow DJ, Kaplan GB, et al. Separate and combined effects of very low nicotine cigarettes and nicotine replacement in smokers with schizophrenia and controls. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:121-9.
41. Li J, Newcombe R, Walton D. Responses towards additional tobacco control measures: data from a population-based survey of New Zealand adults. N Z Med J 2016;129:87-92.
42. New Zealand Parliament. Inquiry into the tobacco industry in Aotearoa and the consequences of tobacco use for Maori. Report of the Maori Affairs Select Committee. Wellington: New Zealand Parliament, 2010.
43. Laugesen M, Grace RC. Excise, electronic cigarettes and nicotine reduction to reduce smoking prevalence in New Zealand by 2025. N Z Med J 2016;129:94-5.
44. Reuter P. Can tobacco control endgame analysis learn anything from the US experience with illegal drugs? Tob Control 2013;22(1):i49-51.
45. Edwards R, Wilson N, Peace J, et al. Support for a tobacco endgame and increased regulation of the tobacco industry among New Zealand smokers: results from a National Survey. Tob Control 2013;22:e86-93.
46. Benowitz NL, Donny EC, Hatsukami DK. Reduced nicotine content cigarettes, e-cigarettes and the cigarette end game. Addiction. Published Online First: 23 Aug 2016. doi:10.1111/add.13534.
47. Proctor R. Golden holocaust: origins of the cigarette catastrophe and the case for abolition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.
48. Smith TT, Schaff MB, Rupprecht LE, et al. Effects of MAO inhibition and a combination of minor alkaloids, beta-carbolines, and acetaldehyde on nicotine self-administration in adult male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015;155:243-52.
49. Smith TT, Rupprecht LE, Cwalina SN, et al. Effects of monoamine oxidase inhibition on the reinforcing properties of low-dose nicotine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016;41:2335-43.
50. Gray N, Henningfield JE, Benowitz NL, et al. Toward a comprehensive long term nicotine policy. Tob Control 2005;14:161-5.
51. Pechacek TF, Nayak P, Gregory KR, et al. The potential that electronic nicotine delivery systems can be a disruptive technology: results from a national survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2016;18:1989-97.
52. West R, Shahab L, Brown J. Estimating the population impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation in England. Addiction 2016;111:1118-19.