메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 271-281

The Obesity Paradox in Kidney Disease: How to Reconcile It With Obesity Management

Author keywords

biologic plausibility; body mass index; fat mass; muscle mass; obesity paradox; protein energy wasting; reverse epidemiology

Indexed keywords


EID: 85020657487     PISSN: 24680249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.01.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (137)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 84979846064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Renal Data System 2015 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States
    • Saran, R., Li, Y., Robinson, B., et al. US Renal Data System 2015 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 67:3 suppl 1 (2016), S1–S305.
    • (2016) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. S1-S305
    • Saran, R.1    Li, Y.2    Robinson, B.3
  • 2
    • 85020663673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition of care from pre-dialysis prelude to renal replacement therapy: the blueprints of emerging research in advanced CKD. Nephrol Dial Transplant., in press.
    • Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kovesdy CP, Streja E, et al. Transition of care from pre-dialysis prelude to renal replacement therapy: the blueprints of emerging research in advanced CKD. Nephrol Dial Transplant., in press.
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Kovesdy, C.P.2    Streja, E.3
  • 3
    • 84891467816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity that makes kidney cancer more likely but helps fight it more strongly
    • Li, L., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Obesity that makes kidney cancer more likely but helps fight it more strongly. J Natl Cancer Inst 105 (2013), 1848–1849.
    • (2013) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.105 , pp. 1848-1849
    • Li, L.1    Kalantar-Zadeh, K.2
  • 4
    • 0032572913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin
    • Besarab, A., Bolton, W.K., Browne, J.K., et al. The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin. N Engl J Med 339 (1998), 584–590.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 584-590
    • Besarab, A.1    Bolton, W.K.2    Browne, J.K.3
  • 5
    • 0037137562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis
    • Eknoyan, G., Beck, G.J., Cheung, A.K., et al. Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 347 (2002), 2010–2019.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 2010-2019
    • Eknoyan, G.1    Beck, G.J.2    Cheung, A.K.3
  • 6
    • 0036236303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of increased peritoneal clearances on mortality rates in peritoneal dialysis: ADEMEX, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
    • Paniagua, R., Amato, D., Vonesh, E., et al. Effects of increased peritoneal clearances on mortality rates in peritoneal dialysis: ADEMEX, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 13 (2002), 1307–1320.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 1307-1320
    • Paniagua, R.1    Amato, D.2    Vonesh, E.3
  • 7
    • 84871675923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cinacalcet on cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing dialysis
    • EVOLVE Trial Investigators, Chertow, G.M., Block, G.A., Correa-Rotter, R., et al. Effect of cinacalcet on cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med 367 (2012), 2482–2494.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 2482-2494
    • Chertow, G.M.1    Block, G.A.2    Correa-Rotter, R.3
  • 8
    • 84863115528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial
    • Thadhani, R., Appelbaum, E., Pritchett, Y., et al. Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial. JAMA 307 (2012), 674–684.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 674-684
    • Thadhani, R.1    Appelbaum, E.2    Pritchett, Y.3
  • 9
    • 84907016602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational modeling of strict vs conventional blood pressure control in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Kovesdy, C.P., Lu, J.L., Molnar, M.Z., et al. Observational modeling of strict vs conventional blood pressure control in patients with chronic kidney disease. JAMA Intern Med 174 (2014), 1442–1449.
    • (2014) JAMA Intern Med , vol.174 , pp. 1442-1449
    • Kovesdy, C.P.1    Lu, J.L.2    Molnar, M.Z.3
  • 10
    • 63849163945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis
    • Fellstrom, B.C., Jardine, A.G., Schmieder, R.E., et al. Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 360 (2009), 1395–1407.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1395-1407
    • Fellstrom, B.C.1    Jardine, A.G.2    Schmieder, R.E.3
  • 11
    • 84892438275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity paradox in end-stage kidney disease patients
    • Park, J., Ahmadi, S.F., Streja, E., et al. Obesity paradox in end-stage kidney disease patients. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 56 (2014), 415–425.
    • (2014) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.56 , pp. 415-425
    • Park, J.1    Ahmadi, S.F.2    Streja, E.3
  • 12
    • 84937966128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of adiponectin with body composition and mortality in hemodialysis patients
    • Rhee, C.M., Nguyen, D.V., Moradi, H., et al. Association of adiponectin with body composition and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 66 (2015), 313–321.
    • (2015) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.66 , pp. 313-321
    • Rhee, C.M.1    Nguyen, D.V.2    Moradi, H.3
  • 13
    • 85020653142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid, protein intake and mortality in hemodialysis patients
    • [epub]
    • Park, C., Obi, Y., Streja, E., et al. Serum uric acid, protein intake and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2017 [epub] http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw419.
    • (2017) Nephrol Dial Transplant
    • Park, C.1    Obi, Y.2    Streja, E.3
  • 14
    • 0037337398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Block, G., Humphreys, M.H., Kopple, J.D., Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients. Kidney Int 63 (2003), 793–808.
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.63 , pp. 793-808
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Block, G.2    Humphreys, M.H.3    Kopple, J.D.4
  • 15
    • 1942420812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Block, G., Horwich, T., Fonarow, G.C., Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (2004), 1439–1444.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1439-1444
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Block, G.2    Horwich, T.3    Fonarow, G.C.4
  • 16
    • 84947862750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse epidemiology of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the geriatric population
    • Ahmadi, S.F., Streja, E., Zahmatkesh, G., et al. Reverse epidemiology of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the geriatric population. J Am Med Dir Assoc 16 (2015), 933–939.
    • (2015) J Am Med Dir Assoc , vol.16 , pp. 933-939
    • Ahmadi, S.F.1    Streja, E.2    Zahmatkesh, G.3
  • 17
    • 84905387632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To legitimize the contentious obesity paradox
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Rhee, C.M., Amin, A.N., To legitimize the contentious obesity paradox. Mayo Clin Proc 89 (2014), 1033–1035.
    • (2014) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.89 , pp. 1033-1035
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Rhee, C.M.2    Amin, A.N.3
  • 18
    • 84982179507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the robustness of the obesity paradox in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a marginal structural model analysis
    • Doshi, M., Streja, E., Rhee, C.M., et al. Examining the robustness of the obesity paradox in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a marginal structural model analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 31 (2016), 1310–1319.
    • (2016) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.31 , pp. 1310-1319
    • Doshi, M.1    Streja, E.2    Rhee, C.M.3
  • 19
    • 84961392977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual roles of obesity in chronic kidney disease: a review of the current literature
    • Rhee, C.M., Ahmadi, S.F., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., The dual roles of obesity in chronic kidney disease: a review of the current literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 25 (2016), 208–216.
    • (2016) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.25 , pp. 208-216
    • Rhee, C.M.1    Ahmadi, S.F.2    Kalantar-Zadeh, K.3
  • 20
    • 84939571788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of age and BMI with kidney function and mortality: a cohort study
    • Lu, J.L., Molnar, M.Z., Naseer, A., et al. Association of age and BMI with kidney function and mortality: a cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3 (2015), 704–714.
    • (2015) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol , vol.3 , pp. 704-714
    • Lu, J.L.1    Molnar, M.Z.2    Naseer, A.3
  • 21
    • 84960158149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is bariatric surgery an effective treatment for type II diabetic kidney disease?
    • Friedman, A.N., Wolfe, B., Is bariatric surgery an effective treatment for type II diabetic kidney disease?. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11 (2016), 528–535.
    • (2016) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 528-535
    • Friedman, A.N.1    Wolfe, B.2
  • 22
    • 84897115390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary protein on glomerular filtration before and after bariatric surgery: a cohort study
    • Friedman, A.N., Quinney, S.K., Inman, M., et al. Influence of dietary protein on glomerular filtration before and after bariatric surgery: a cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 63 (2014), 598–603.
    • (2014) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.63 , pp. 598-603
    • Friedman, A.N.1    Quinney, S.K.2    Inman, M.3
  • 23
    • 85020657097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Kidney Day Steering Committee. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic
    • Kovesdy, C.P., Furth, S.L., Zoccali, C., World Kidney Day Steering Committee. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. Kidney Int, 2016, 10.1016/j.kint.2016.10.019.
    • (2016) Kidney Int
    • Kovesdy, C.P.1    Furth, S.L.2    Zoccali, C.3
  • 24
    • 84949216160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of body mass index with clinical outcomes in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Ahmadi, S.F., Zahmatkesh, G., Ahmadi, E., et al. Association of body mass index with clinical outcomes in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiorenal Med 6 (2015), 37–49.
    • (2015) Cardiorenal Med , vol.6 , pp. 37-49
    • Ahmadi, S.F.1    Zahmatkesh, G.2    Ahmadi, E.3
  • 25
    • 84908215638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index and mortality in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Ahmadi, S.F., Zahmatkesh, G., Streja, E., et al. Body mass index and mortality in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol 40 (2014), 315–324.
    • (2014) Am J Nephrol , vol.40 , pp. 315-324
    • Ahmadi, S.F.1    Zahmatkesh, G.2    Streja, E.3
  • 26
    • 84880177085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality predictability of body size and muscle mass surrogates in Asian vs white and African American hemodialysis patients
    • Park, J., Jin, D.C., Molnar, M.Z., et al. Mortality predictability of body size and muscle mass surrogates in Asian vs white and African American hemodialysis patients. Mayo Clin Proc 88 (2013), 479–486.
    • (2013) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.88 , pp. 479-486
    • Park, J.1    Jin, D.C.2    Molnar, M.Z.3
  • 27
    • 61549089295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid retention is associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Regidor, D.L., Kovesdy, C.P., et al. Fluid retention is associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Circulation 119 (2009), 671–679.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 671-679
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Regidor, D.L.2    Kovesdy, C.P.3
  • 28
    • 84956575717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrying a heavier weight is healthy: obesity-reinforced fitness hypothesis in metabolically healthy obesity
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Ahmadi, S.F., Carrying a heavier weight is healthy: obesity-reinforced fitness hypothesis in metabolically healthy obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 24 (2016), 281–282.
    • (2016) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.24 , pp. 281-282
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Ahmadi, S.F.2
  • 29
    • 0030005010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoregulation of body composition during weight recovery in human: the Minnesota Experiment revisited
    • Dulloo, A.G., Jacquet, J., Girardier, L., Autoregulation of body composition during weight recovery in human: the Minnesota Experiment revisited. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 20 (1996), 393–405.
    • (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.20 , pp. 393-405
    • Dulloo, A.G.1    Jacquet, J.2    Girardier, L.3
  • 30
    • 22844447396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for suppressed skeletal muscle thermogenesis in pathways from weight fluctuations to the insulin resistance syndrome
    • Dulloo, A.G., A role for suppressed skeletal muscle thermogenesis in pathways from weight fluctuations to the insulin resistance syndrome. Acta Physiol Scand 184 (2005), 295–307.
    • (2005) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.184 , pp. 295-307
    • Dulloo, A.G.1
  • 31
    • 78149281460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of direct body composition assessment methods in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Oreopoulos, A., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., McAlister, F.A., et al. Comparison of direct body composition assessment methods in patients with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail 16 (2010), 867–872.
    • (2010) J Card Fail , vol.16 , pp. 867-872
    • Oreopoulos, A.1    Kalantar-Zadeh, K.2    McAlister, F.A.3
  • 32
    • 77950930777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing body composition assessment tests in long-term hemodialysis patients
    • Bross, R., Chandramohan, G., Kovesdy, C.P., et al. Comparing body composition assessment tests in long-term hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 55 (2010), 885–896.
    • (2010) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.55 , pp. 885-896
    • Bross, R.1    Chandramohan, G.2    Kovesdy, C.P.3
  • 33
    • 0032892963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near infra-red interactance for nutritional assessment of dialysis patients
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Dunne, E., Nixon, K., et al. Near infra-red interactance for nutritional assessment of dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14 (1999), 169–175.
    • (1999) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.14 , pp. 169-175
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Dunne, E.2    Nixon, K.3
  • 34
    • 78149345538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-arm muscle circumference and quality of life and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients
    • Noori, N., Kopple, J.D., Kovesdy, C.P., et al. Mid-arm muscle circumference and quality of life and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5 (2010), 2258–2268.
    • (2010) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.5 , pp. 2258-2268
    • Noori, N.1    Kopple, J.D.2    Kovesdy, C.P.3
  • 35
    • 0035227577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near infra-red interactance for longitudinal assessment of nutrition in dialysis patients
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Block, G., Kelly, M.P., et al. Near infra-red interactance for longitudinal assessment of nutrition in dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 11 (2001), 23–31.
    • (2001) J Ren Nutr , vol.11 , pp. 23-31
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Block, G.2    Kelly, M.P.3
  • 36
    • 78650504668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel equations to estimate lean body mass in maintenance hemodialysis patients
    • Noori, N., Kovesdy, C.P., Bross, R., et al. Novel equations to estimate lean body mass in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 57 (2011), 130–139.
    • (2011) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.57 , pp. 130-139
    • Noori, N.1    Kovesdy, C.P.2    Bross, R.3
  • 37
    • 84874526125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum creatinine as a marker of muscle mass in chronic kidney disease: results of a cross-sectional study and review of literature
    • Patel, S.S., Molnar, M.Z., Tayek, J.A., et al. Serum creatinine as a marker of muscle mass in chronic kidney disease: results of a cross-sectional study and review of literature. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 4 (2013), 19–29.
    • (2013) J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle , vol.4 , pp. 19-29
    • Patel, S.S.1    Molnar, M.Z.2    Tayek, J.A.3
  • 38
    • 33644857756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of body fat and its changes over time with quality of life and prospective mortality in hemodialysis patients
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kuwae, N., Wu, D.Y., et al. Associations of body fat and its changes over time with quality of life and prospective mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Clin Nutr 83 (2006), 202–210.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83 , pp. 202-210
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Kuwae, N.2    Wu, D.Y.3
  • 39
    • 78149259664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival predictability of lean and fat mass in men and women undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
    • Noori, N., Kovesdy, C.P., Dukkipati, R., et al. Survival predictability of lean and fat mass in men and women undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Clin Nutr 92 (2010), 1060–1070.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.92 , pp. 1060-1070
    • Noori, N.1    Kovesdy, C.P.2    Dukkipati, R.3
  • 40
    • 84958162669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lean body mass and survival in hemodialysis patients and the roles of race and ethnicity
    • Wang, J., Streja, E., Rhee, C.M., et al. Lean body mass and survival in hemodialysis patients and the roles of race and ethnicity. J Ren Nutr 26 (2016), 26–37.
    • (2016) J Ren Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 26-37
    • Wang, J.1    Streja, E.2    Rhee, C.M.3
  • 41
    • 63549143777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal obesity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease
    • Postorino, M., Marino, C., Tripepi, G., Zoccali, C., Abdominal obesity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 53 (2009), 1265–1272.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 1265-1272
    • Postorino, M.1    Marino, C.2    Tripepi, G.3    Zoccali, C.4
  • 42
    • 78149325694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obesity paradox and mortality associated with surrogates of body size and muscle mass in patients receiving hemodialysis
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Streja, E., Kovesdy, C.P., et al. The obesity paradox and mortality associated with surrogates of body size and muscle mass in patients receiving hemodialysis. Mayo Clin Proc 85 (2010), 991–1001.
    • (2010) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.85 , pp. 991-1001
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Streja, E.2    Kovesdy, C.P.3
  • 43
    • 84859729412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality prediction by surrogates of body composition: an examination of the obesity paradox in hemodialysis patients using composite ranking score analysis
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Streja, E., Molnar, M.Z., et al. Mortality prediction by surrogates of body composition: an examination of the obesity paradox in hemodialysis patients using composite ranking score analysis. Am J Epidemiol 175 (2012), 793–803.
    • (2012) Am J Epidemiol , vol.175 , pp. 793-803
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Streja, E.2    Molnar, M.Z.3
  • 44
    • 0041414239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of body size and body composition on survival in hemodialysis patients
    • Beddhu, S., Pappas, L.M., Ramkumar, N., Samore, M., Effects of body size and body composition on survival in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 14 (2003), 2366–2372.
    • (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.14 , pp. 2366-2372
    • Beddhu, S.1    Pappas, L.M.2    Ramkumar, N.3    Samore, M.4
  • 45
    • 84970016322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of body mass index with mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Ahmadi, S.F., Zahmatkesh, G., Streja, E., et al. Association of body mass index with mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Perit Dial Int 36 (2016), 315–325.
    • (2016) Perit Dial Int , vol.36 , pp. 315-325
    • Ahmadi, S.F.1    Zahmatkesh, G.2    Streja, E.3
  • 46
    • 84884565226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum creatinine level, a surrogate of muscle mass, predicts mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
    • Park, J., Mehrotra, R., Rhee, C.M., et al. Serum creatinine level, a surrogate of muscle mass, predicts mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28 (2013), 2146–2155.
    • (2013) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.28 , pp. 2146-2155
    • Park, J.1    Mehrotra, R.2    Rhee, C.M.3
  • 47
    • 84973358624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin dose and mortality in hemodialysis patients: marginal structural model to examine causality
    • Streja, E., Park, J., Chan, T.Y., et al. Erythropoietin dose and mortality in hemodialysis patients: marginal structural model to examine causality. Int J Nephrol, 2016, 2016, 6087134.
    • (2016) Int J Nephrol , vol.2016 , pp. 6087134
    • Streja, E.1    Park, J.2    Chan, T.Y.3
  • 48
    • 84899615517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose of hemodialysis and survival: a marginal structural model analysis
    • Lertdumrongluk, P., Streja, E., Rhee, C.M., et al. Dose of hemodialysis and survival: a marginal structural model analysis. Am J Nephrol 39 (2014), 383–391.
    • (2014) Am J Nephrol , vol.39 , pp. 383-391
    • Lertdumrongluk, P.1    Streja, E.2    Rhee, C.M.3
  • 49
    • 84876019170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing mortality of peritoneal and hemodialysis patients in the first 2 years of dialysis therapy: a marginal structural model analysis
    • Lukowsky, L.R., Mehrotra, R., Kheifets, L., et al. Comparing mortality of peritoneal and hemodialysis patients in the first 2 years of dialysis therapy: a marginal structural model analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 8 (2013), 619–628.
    • (2013) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.8 , pp. 619-628
    • Lukowsky, L.R.1    Mehrotra, R.2    Kheifets, L.3
  • 50
    • 84868203332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administered paricalcitol dose and survival in hemodialysis patients: a marginal structural model analysis
    • Miller, J.E., Molnar, M.Z., Kovesdy, C.P., et al. Administered paricalcitol dose and survival in hemodialysis patients: a marginal structural model analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 21 (2012), 1232–1239.
    • (2012) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.21 , pp. 1232-1239
    • Miller, J.E.1    Molnar, M.Z.2    Kovesdy, C.P.3
  • 51
    • 85020651821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of body weight changes with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients
    • [epub]
    • Chang, T.I., Ngo, V., Streja, E., et al. Association of body weight changes with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2016/2017 [epub] http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw373.
    • (2017) Nephrol Dial Transplant
    • Chang, T.I.1    Ngo, V.2    Streja, E.3
  • 52
    • 12244268603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with improved short term survival in obese end stage renal disease patients
    • Glanton, C.W., Hypolite, I.O., Hshieh, P.B., et al. Factors associated with improved short term survival in obese end stage renal disease patients. Ann Epidemiol 13 (2003), 136–143.
    • (2003) Ann Epidemiol , vol.13 , pp. 136-143
    • Glanton, C.W.1    Hypolite, I.O.2    Hshieh, P.B.3
  • 53
    • 4344700873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of body size with outcomes among patients beginning dialysis
    • Johansen, K.L., Young, B., Kaysen, G.A., Chertow, G.M., Association of body size with outcomes among patients beginning dialysis. Am J Clin Nutr 80 (2004), 324–332.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 324-332
    • Johansen, K.L.1    Young, B.2    Kaysen, G.A.3    Chertow, G.M.4
  • 54
    • 79959369286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in the association of body mass index and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients
    • Ricks, J., Molnar, M.Z., Kovesdy, C.P., et al. Racial and ethnic differences in the association of body mass index and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 58 (2011), 574–582.
    • (2011) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.58 , pp. 574-582
    • Ricks, J.1    Molnar, M.Z.2    Kovesdy, C.P.3
  • 55
    • 0034871069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High body mass index does not predict mortality in older people: analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Aging
    • Grabowski, D.C., Ellis, J.E., High body mass index does not predict mortality in older people: analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 49 (2001), 968–979.
    • (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.49 , pp. 968-979
    • Grabowski, D.C.1    Ellis, J.E.2
  • 56
    • 0034845526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure
    • Horwich, T.B., Fonarow, G.C., Hamilton, M.A., et al. The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 38 (2001), 789–795.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.38 , pp. 789-795
    • Horwich, T.B.1    Fonarow, G.C.2    Hamilton, M.A.3
  • 58
    • 84879232016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why cachexia kills: examining the causality of poor outcomes in wasting conditions
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Rhee, C., Sim, J.J., et al. Why cachexia kills: examining the causality of poor outcomes in wasting conditions. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 4 (2013), 89–94.
    • (2013) J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle , vol.4 , pp. 89-94
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Rhee, C.2    Sim, J.J.3
  • 59
    • 22744434433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causation and causal inference in epidemiology
    • Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., Causation and causal inference in epidemiology. Am J Public Health 95:suppl 1 (2005), S144–S150.
    • (2005) Am J Public Health , vol.95 , pp. S144-S150
    • Rothman, K.J.1    Greenland, S.2
  • 60
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease: association or causation?
    • Hill, A.B., The environment and disease: association or causation?. Proc R Soc Med 58 (1965), 295–300.
    • (1965) Proc R Soc Med , vol.58 , pp. 295-300
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 61
    • 0017039620 scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer incidence in cigarette smokers: further analysis of Doll and Hill's data for British physicians
    • Whittemore, A., Altshuller, B., Lung cancer incidence in cigarette smokers: further analysis of Doll and Hill's data for British physicians. Biometrics 32 (1976), 805–816.
    • (1976) Biometrics , vol.32 , pp. 805-816
    • Whittemore, A.1    Altshuller, B.2
  • 62
    • 66749086365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of evidence hierarchies: what can Bradford Hill's 'guidelines for causation' contribute?
    • Howick, J., Glasziou, P., Aronson, J.K., The evolution of evidence hierarchies: what can Bradford Hill's 'guidelines for causation' contribute?. J R Soc Med 102 (2009), 186–194.
    • (2009) J R Soc Med , vol.102 , pp. 186-194
    • Howick, J.1    Glasziou, P.2    Aronson, J.K.3
  • 63
    • 0034941570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional management of maintenance dialysis patients: why aren't we doing better?
    • Mehrotra, R., Kopple, J.D., Nutritional management of maintenance dialysis patients: why aren't we doing better?. Annu Rev Nutr 21 (2001), 343–379.
    • (2001) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 343-379
    • Mehrotra, R.1    Kopple, J.D.2
  • 64
    • 0142157737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in dialysis patients: causes and consequences
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Ikizler, T.A., Block, G., et al. Malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in dialysis patients: causes and consequences. Am J Kidney Dis 42 (2003), 864–881.
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.42 , pp. 864-881
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Ikizler, T.A.2    Block, G.3
  • 65
    • 1642463434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine gene polymorphisms in hemodialysis patients: association with comorbidity, functionality, and serum albumin
    • Balakrishnan, V.S., Guo, D., Rao, M., et al. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in hemodialysis patients: association with comorbidity, functionality, and serum albumin. Kidney Int 65 (2004), 1449–1460.
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.65 , pp. 1449-1460
    • Balakrishnan, V.S.1    Guo, D.2    Rao, M.3
  • 66
    • 20544477223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in end-stage renal disease—a fire that burns within
    • Stenvinkel, P., Inflammation in end-stage renal disease—a fire that burns within. Contrib Nephrol 149 (2005), 185–199.
    • (2005) Contrib Nephrol , vol.149 , pp. 185-199
    • Stenvinkel, P.1
  • 67
    • 21344459771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation as a cause of malnutrition, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and poor outcome in hemodialysis patients
    • Yao, Q., Lindholm, B., Stenvinkel, P., Inflammation as a cause of malnutrition, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and poor outcome in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int 8 (2004), 118–129.
    • (2004) Hemodial Int , vol.8 , pp. 118-129
    • Yao, Q.1    Lindholm, B.2    Stenvinkel, P.3
  • 68
    • 4344560597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite and inflammation, nutrition, anemia, and clinical outcome in hemodialysis patients
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Block, G., McAllister, C.J., et al. Appetite and inflammation, nutrition, anemia, and clinical outcome in hemodialysis patients. Am J Clin Nutr 80 (2004), 299–307.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 299-307
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Block, G.2    McAllister, C.J.3
  • 69
    • 0032935896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in hemodialysis patients
    • Zimmermann, J., Herrlinger, S., Pruy, A., et al. Inflammation enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 55 (1999), 648–658.
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.55 , pp. 648-658
    • Zimmermann, J.1    Herrlinger, S.2    Pruy, A.3
  • 70
    • 0035651710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, malnutrition, and cardiac disease as predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients
    • Qureshi, A.R., Alvestrand, A., Divino-Filho, J.C., et al. Inflammation, malnutrition, and cardiac disease as predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:suppl 1 (2002), S28–S36.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. S28-S36
    • Qureshi, A.R.1    Alvestrand, A.2    Divino-Filho, J.C.3
  • 71
    • 1642552162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing outcome predictability of markers of malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in haemodialysis patients
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kopple, J.D., Humphreys, M.H., Block, G., Comparing outcome predictability of markers of malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19 (2004), 1507–1519.
    • (2004) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.19 , pp. 1507-1519
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Kopple, J.D.2    Humphreys, M.H.3    Block, G.4
  • 72
    • 4644279972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of protein malnutrition on IL-6-mediated signaling in the liver and the systemic acute-phase response in rats
    • Ling, P.R., Smith, R.J., Kie, S., et al. Effects of protein malnutrition on IL-6-mediated signaling in the liver and the systemic acute-phase response in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287 (2004), R801–R808.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.287 , pp. R801-R808
    • Ling, P.R.1    Smith, R.J.2    Kie, S.3
  • 73
    • 33846029870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse association between lipid levels and mortality in men with chronic kidney disease who are not yet on dialysis: effects of case mix and the malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome
    • Kovesdy, C.P., Anderson, J.E., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Inverse association between lipid levels and mortality in men with chronic kidney disease who are not yet on dialysis: effects of case mix and the malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 18 (2007), 304–311.
    • (2007) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.18 , pp. 304-311
    • Kovesdy, C.P.1    Anderson, J.E.2    Kalantar-Zadeh, K.3
  • 74
    • 0035720017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative contributions of nutrition and inflammation to clinical outcome in dialysis patients
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kopple, J.D., Relative contributions of nutrition and inflammation to clinical outcome in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 38 (2001), 1343–1350.
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.38 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Kalantar-Zadeh, K.1    Kopple, J.D.2
  • 75
    • 0001401667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute-phase inflammatory process contributes to malnutrition, anemia, and possibly other abnormalities in dialysis patients
    • Lowrie, E.G., Acute-phase inflammatory process contributes to malnutrition, anemia, and possibly other abnormalities in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 32:6 suppl 4 (1998), S105–S112.
    • (1998) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. S105-S112
    • Lowrie, E.G.1
  • 76
    • 0034596270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term prognosis in severe adult and adolescent malnutrition during famine: use of a simple prognostic model based on counting clinical signs
    • Collins, S., Myatt, M., Short-term prognosis in severe adult and adolescent malnutrition during famine: use of a simple prognostic model based on counting clinical signs. JAMA 284 (2000), 621–626.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 621-626
    • Collins, S.1    Myatt, M.2
  • 77
    • 33947247891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between body mass index and mortality is similar in the hemodialysis population and the general population at high age and equal duration of follow-up
    • de Mutsert, R., Snijder, M.B., van der Sman-de Beer, F., et al. Association between body mass index and mortality is similar in the hemodialysis population and the general population at high age and equal duration of follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol 18 (2007), 967–974.
    • (2007) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.18 , pp. 967-974
    • de Mutsert, R.1    Snijder, M.B.2    van der Sman-de Beer, F.3
  • 78
    • 0032229826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease
    • Foley, R.N., Parfrey, P.S., Sarnak, M.J., Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 9:12 suppl (1998), S16–S23.
    • (1998) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.9 , Issue.12 , pp. S16-S23
    • Foley, R.N.1    Parfrey, P.S.2    Sarnak, M.J.3
  • 79
    • 78650502245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Renal Data System 2010 Annual Data Report
    • A8, e1–526
    • Collins, A.J., Foley, R.N., Herzog, C., et al. US Renal Data System 2010 Annual Data Report. Am J Kidney Dis, 57(1 suppl 1), 2011 A8, e1–526.
    • (2011) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.57 , Issue.1
    • Collins, A.J.1    Foley, R.N.2    Herzog, C.3
  • 80
    • 0142187224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and outcomes on peritoneal dialysis in the United States
    • Snyder, J.J., Foley, R.N., Gilbertson, D.T., et al. Body size and outcomes on peritoneal dialysis in the United States. Kidney Int 64 (2003), 1838–1844.
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.64 , pp. 1838-1844
    • Snyder, J.J.1    Foley, R.N.2    Gilbertson, D.T.3
  • 81
    • 0142213902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity is associated with worse peritoneal dialysis outcomes in the Australia and New Zealand patient populations
    • McDonald, S.P., Collins, J.F., Johnson, D.W., Obesity is associated with worse peritoneal dialysis outcomes in the Australia and New Zealand patient populations. J Am Soc Nephrol 14 (2003), 2894–2901.
    • (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.14 , pp. 2894-2901
    • McDonald, S.P.1    Collins, J.F.2    Johnson, D.W.3
  • 82
    • 0035169005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting clinical properties and exercise responses in obese and lean hypertensive patients
    • Weber, M.A., Neutel, J.M., Smith, D.H., Contrasting clinical properties and exercise responses in obese and lean hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 37 (2001), 169–174.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 169-174
    • Weber, M.A.1    Neutel, J.M.2    Smith, D.H.3
  • 83
    • 0033584460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure
    • Schrier, R.W., Abraham, W.T., Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure. N Engl J Med 341 (1999), 577–585.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 577-585
    • Schrier, R.W.1    Abraham, W.T.2
  • 84
    • 38749088731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodialysis-induced cardiac dysfunction is associated with an acute reduction in global and segmental myocardial blood flow
    • McIntyre, C.W., Burton, J.O., Selby, N.M., et al. Hemodialysis-induced cardiac dysfunction is associated with an acute reduction in global and segmental myocardial blood flow. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3 (2008), 19–26.
    • (2008) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 19-26
    • McIntyre, C.W.1    Burton, J.O.2    Selby, N.M.3
  • 85
    • 78049420484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent circulatory stress: the dark side of dialysis
    • McIntyre, C.W., Recurrent circulatory stress: the dark side of dialysis. Semin Dial 23 (2010), 449–451.
    • (2010) Semin Dial , vol.23 , pp. 449-451
    • McIntyre, C.W.1
  • 86
    • 84885315928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative effectiveness research study of the change in blood pressure during hemodialysis treatment and survival
    • Park, J., Rhee, C.M., Sim, J.J., et al. A comparative effectiveness research study of the change in blood pressure during hemodialysis treatment and survival. Kidney Int 84 (2013), 795–802.
    • (2013) Kidney Int , vol.84 , pp. 795-802
    • Park, J.1    Rhee, C.M.2    Sim, J.J.3
  • 87
    • 0034162801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of tumor necrosis factor in the pathophysiology of heart failure
    • Feldman, A.M., Combes, A., Wagner, D., et al. The role of tumor necrosis factor in the pathophysiology of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 35 (2000), 537–544.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 537-544
    • Feldman, A.M.1    Combes, A.2    Wagner, D.3
  • 88
    • 0033373619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo
    • Mohamed-Ali, V., Goodrick, S., Bulmer, K., et al. Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Am J Physiol 277 (1999), E971–E975.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277 , pp. E971-E975
    • Mohamed-Ali, V.1    Goodrick, S.2    Bulmer, K.3
  • 89
    • 12344332482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene
    • Jandacek, R.J., Anderson, N., Liu, M., et al. Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 288 (2005), G292–G299.
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.288 , pp. G292-G299
    • Jandacek, R.J.1    Anderson, N.2    Liu, M.3
  • 90
    • 0034626121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis
    • Rauchhaus, M., Coats, A.J., Anker, S.D., The endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis. Lancet 356 (2000), 930–933.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 930-933
    • Rauchhaus, M.1    Coats, A.J.2    Anker, S.D.3
  • 91
    • 0033614672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin and immune activation in chronic heart failure: a prospective cohort study
    • Niebauer, J., Volk, H.D., Kemp, M., et al. Endotoxin and immune activation in chronic heart failure: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 353 (1999), 1838–1842.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1838-1842
    • Niebauer, J.1    Volk, H.D.2    Kemp, M.3
  • 92
    • 80051999196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High platelet count as a link between renal cachexia and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease patients
    • Molnar, M.Z., Streja, E., Kovesdy, C.P., et al. High platelet count as a link between renal cachexia and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Am J Clin Nutr 94 (2011), 945–954.
    • (2011) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.94 , pp. 945-954
    • Molnar, M.Z.1    Streja, E.2    Kovesdy, C.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.