The Mediated Amplification of a Crisis: Communicating the A/H1N1 Pandemic in Press Releases and Press Coverage in Europe

Risk Analysis

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 357-375

  Rossmann, Constanze ^a   Meyer, Lisa ^a   Schulz, Peter J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERFURT   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LUGANO   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Framing; news values; press coverage; press releases; social amplification of risk

Indexed keywords

DATA MINING; HEALTH; HEALTH RISKS; PUBLIC RELATIONS;

CRISIS COMMUNICATION EFFORTS; FRAMING; GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES; NEWS VALUES; PRESS RELEASE; QUANTITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS; SOCIAL AMPLIFICATION OF RISKS; TRANSFER OF INFORMATION;

PRESSES (MACHINE TOOLS);

COMMUNICATION; CRISIS MANAGEMENT; EPIDEMIC; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; INFLUENZA; INFORMATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOCIAL MEDIA;

EUROPE;

EID: 85020088561     PISSN: 02724332     EISSN: 15396924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/risa.12841     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. WHO. Strengthening Response to Pandemics and Other Public-Health Emergencies. Report of the Review Committee on the Functioning of the International Health Regulations (2005) and on Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009, 2011. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75235/1/9789241564335_eng.pdf, Accessed September 29, 2015.
2. Racine T. Influenza A/H1N1 mass vaccination strategy: A multinational comparison, 2009. Available at: https://cdn.metricmarketing.ca/www.nccid.ca/files/Evidence_Reviews/NCCID_H1N1_MASS_Vaccinat_HR.pdf, Accessed September 29, 2015.
3. Durodié B. H1N1—The social costs of elite confusion. Journal of Risk Research, 2011; 14(5):511–518.
4. Ratzan SC. Editorial. Swine conflusion. Journal of Health Communication, 2009; 14:413–414.
5. Lopes F, Ruao T, Marinho S, Araújo R. A media pandemic: Influenza A in Portuguese newspapers. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2012; 5(1):19–27.
6. Hilton S, Hunt K. UK newspapers' representations of the 2009–10 outbreak of swine flu: One health scare not over-hyped by the media? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2011; 65(10):941–946.
7. Kasperson RE, Renn O, Slovic P, Brown HS, Emel J, Goble R, Kasperson JX, Ratick S. The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis, 1988; 8(2):177–187.
8. Kasperson JX, Kasperson RE (eds). The Social Contours of Risk. Volume 1: Public, Risk Communication & the Social Amplification of Risk. London, UK: Earthscan, 2005.
9. Nelkin D. Beyond risk: Reporting about genetics in post-Asilomer press. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 2001; 44(2):199–207.
10. Viswanath K, Blake KD, Meissner HI, Saiontz NG, Mull C, Freeman CS, Hesse B, Croyle RT. Occupational practices and the making of health news: A national survey of US health and medical science journalists. Journal of Health Communication, 2008; 13(8):759–777.
11. Wallington SF, Blake K, Taylor-Clark K, Viswanath K. Antecedents to agenda setting and framing in health news: An examination in priority, angle, source, and resource usage from a National Survey of U.S. health reporters and editors. Journal of Health Communication, 2010; 15(1):76–94.
12. Barry JM. Pandemics: Avoiding the mistakes of 1918. Nature, 2009; 459:324–325.
13. Lee ST, Basnyat I. From press release to news: Mapping the framing of the 2009 H1N1 A influenza pandemic. Health Communication, 2013; 28(2):119–132.
14. Park H, Reber BH. Using public relations to promote health: A framing analysis of public relations strategies among health associations. Journal of Health Communication, 2010; 15:39–54.
15. Eilders C. News factors and news decisions. Theoretical and methodological advances in Germany. Communications, 2006; 31(1):5–24.
16. Galtung J, Ruge MH. The structure of foreign news. The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crisis in four Norwegian newspapers. Journal of Peace Research, 1965; 2(1):64–91.
17. Entman RM. Framing: Towards a clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 1993; 43(4):51–58.
18. Tewskbury D, Scheufele, DA. News framing theory and research. Pp. 17–33 in Bryant J, Oliver MB (eds). Media Effects. Advances in Theory and Research. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.
19. Seeger MW, Reynolds B, Sellnow TL. Crisis and emergency risk communication in health contexts: Applying the CDC model to pandemic influenza. Pp. 493–506 in Heath RL, O'Hair HD (eds). Handbook of Risk and Crisis Communication. New York: Routledge, 2010.
20. Chang C. News coverage of health-related issues and its impacts on perceptions: Taiwan as an example. Health Communication, 2012; 27(2):111–123.
21. Dudo AD, Dahlstrom MF, Brossard D. Reporting a potential pandemic: A risk-related assessment of avian influenza coverage in U.S. newspapers. Science Communication, 2007; 28(4):429–454.
22. Shoemaker PJ, Reese SD. Mediating the Message in the 21st Century. A Media Sociology Perspective, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.
23. Mebane F, Temin S, Parvanta CF. Communicating anthrax in 2001: A comparison of CDC information and print media accounts. Journal of Health Communication, 2003; 8:50–82.
24. Nelkin D. An uneasy relationship: The tension between medicine and the news. Lancet, 1996; 347(9015):1600–1603.
25. Singer E, Endreny PM. Reporting on Risks. How the Mass Media Portray Accidents, Diseases, and Other Hazards. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1993.
26. Berry TR, Wharf-Higgins J, Naylor PJ. SARS wars: An examination of the quantity and construction of health information in the news media. Health Communication, 2007; 21(1):35–44.
27. da Silva Medeiros FN, Masarani L. Pandemic on the air: A case study on the coverage of new influenza A/H1N1 by Brazilian prime time TV news. Journal of Science Communication, 2010; 9(3):A03. Available at: http://jcom.sissa.it/archive/09/03/Jcoretrievm0903(2010)A03/Jcom0903(2010)A03.pdf, Accessed September 29, 2015.
28. Kasperson, JX, Kasperson, RE, Pidgeon N, Slovic P. The social amplification of risk: Assessing fifteen years of research and theory. Pp. 13–46 in Pidgeon N, Kasperson RE, Slovic P (eds). The Social Amplification of Risk. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
29. Mazur A. The journalist and technology: Reporting about Love Canal and Three Mile Island. Minerva, 1984; 22(1):45–66.
30. Mazur A. Nuclear power, chemical hazards, and the quantity of reporting. Minerva, 1990; 28(3): 294–323.
31. Eldridge J, Reilly J. Risk and relativity: BSE and the British media. Pp. 138–155 in Pidgeon N, Kasperson RE, Slovic P (eds). The Social Amplification of Risk. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
32. Sjöberg L. Risk perception in Western Europe. Ambio, 1999; 28(6):543–549.
33. McCombs ME, Reynolds A. How the news shape our civic agenda. Pp. 1–16 in Bryant J, Oliver MB (eds). Media Effects. Advances in Theory and Research. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.
34. Dixon H, Warne C, Scully M, Dobbinson S, Wakefield M. Agenda-setting effects of sun-related news coverage on public attitudes and beliefs about tanning and skin cancer. Health Communication, 2014; 29(2):173–181.
35. Mazur A. The Dynamics of Technical Controversy. Washington, DC: Communication Press, 1981.
36. Liu M, McIntyre JJ, Sellnow TL. Less ambiguity, more hope. The use of narrative in Chinese newspaper reports on the SARS crisis. Pp. 111–130 in Seeger MW, Sellnow TL, Ulmer RR (eds). Crisis Communication and the Public Health. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2008.
37. Combs B, Slovic P. Newspaper coverage of causes of death. Journalism Quarterly, 1979; 56:837–843, 849.
38. Vaughan E, Seifert M. Variability in the framing of risk issues. Journal of Social Issues, 1992; 48(4):119–135.
39. Boyd AD, Jardine CG. Did public risk perspectives of mad cow disease reflect media representations and actual outcomes? Journal of Risk Research, 2011; 14(5):615–630.
40. Chung JB, Yun GW. Media and social amplification of risk: BSE and H1N1 cases in South Korea. Disaster Prevention & Management, 2011; 22(2):148–159.
41. Flynn J, Peters E, Mertz CK, Slovic P. Risk, media, and stigma at Rocky Flats. Risk Analysis, 1998; 18(6):715–727.
42. Frewer LJ, Miles S, Marsh R. The media and genetically modified foods: Evidence in support of social amplification of risk. Risk Analysis, 2002; 22(4):701–711.
43. Lewis RE, Tyshenko MG. The impact of social amplification and attenuation of risk and the public reaction to mad cow disease in Canada. Risk Analysis, 2009; 29(5):714–728.
44. Romantan A. The social amplification of commercial aviation risks: A longitudinal analysis of media effects on air travel behavior, 1978–2001. Paper presented at the 55th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, New York, NY, USA, May 26–30, 2005.
45. Trumbo CW. The effect of newspaper coverage of influenza on the rate of physician visits for influenza 2002–2008. Mass Communication & Society, 2012; 15(5):718–738.
46. Binder AR, Cacciatore MA, Scheufele DA, Brossard D. The role of mass communication in the social amplification of risk. Pp. 69–85 in Cho H, Reimer T, McComas KA (eds). The SAGE Handbook of Risk Communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2015
47. Bakir V. Greenpeace vs. Shell: Media exploitation and the social amplification of risk framework (SARF). Journal of Risk Research, 2005; 8(7–8):679–691.
48. Chung IJ. Social amplification of risk in the Internet environment. Risk Analysis, 2011; 31(2):1883–1896.
49. Hill A. Media risks: The social amplification of risk and the media. Journal of Risk Research, 2001; 4(3):209–226.
50. Löfstedt RE. Science communication and the Swedish acrylamide “alarm.” Journal of Health Communication, 2003; 8(5):407–432.
51. McInerney C, Bird N, Nucci M. The flow of scientific knowledge from lab to the lay public—The case of genetically modified food. Science Communication, 2004; 26(1):44–74.
52. Ledford CJ. Mediated medication-risk messages: A content analysis of print news coverage of increased medication risk. Communication Quarterly, 2013; 61(4):397–412.
53. Slovic P. Perception of risk. Pp. 220–231 in Slovic P (ed). Perception of Risk. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 1987.
54. Cho S. The power of public relations in media relations: A national survey of health PR practitioners. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2006; 83(3):563–580.
55. Tanner AH. Agenda building, source selection, and health news at local television stations. Science Communication, 2004; 25(4):350–363.
56. Lee ST. Predictors of H1N1 influenza pandemic news coverage: Explicating the relationships between framing and news release selection. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 2014; 8(4):294–310.
57. Gandy OH. Beyond Agenda Setting: Information Subsidies and Public Policy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1982.
58. Kleinnijenhuis J, Schultz F, Utz S, Oegema D. The mediating role of the news in the BP oil spill crisis 2010: How US news is influenced by public relations and in turn influences public awareness, foreign news, and the share price. Communication Research, 2015; 42(3):408–428.
59. Coombs WT. Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 2007; 10(3):163–176.
60. Henderson L, Kitzinger J. Orchestrating a science “event”: The case of the Human Genome Project. New Genetics & Society, 2007; 26(1):65–83.
61. Lippmann W. Public Opinion. New York: Harcourt, 1922.
62. Kepplinger HM, Ehmig SC. Predicting news decisions. An empirical test of the two-component theory of news selection. Communications, 2006; 31(1):25–43.
63. Rosengren KE. International news: Intra and extra media data. Acta Sociologica, 1970; 13:96–109.
64. Shoemaker PJ, Reese SD. Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content, 2nd ed. White Plains, NY: Longman, 2004.
65. Bartlett C, Sterne J, Egger M. What is newsworthy? Longitudinal study of the reporting of medical research in two British newspapers. BMJ, 2002; 325(7355):81–84.
66. Harrabin R, Coote A, Allen J. Health in the News: Risk, Reporting and Media Influence. London: King's Fund, 2003.
67. Staab J. The role of news factors in news selection: A theoretical reconsideration. European Journal of Communication, 1990; 5(4):423–443.
68. Maier M, Stengel K, Marschall J. Nachrichtenwerttheorie [News Value Theory]. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2010.
69. Tewskbury D, Scheufele DA. News framing theory and research. Pp. 17–33 in Bryant J, Oliver MB (eds). Media Effects. Advances in Theory and Research. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.
70. Entman RM. Framing: Towards a clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 1993; 43(4):51–58.
71. Scheufele DA. Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 1999; 49(1):103–122.
72. Reese SD. Prologue—Framing public life: A bridging model for media research. Pp. 7–31 in Reese SD, Gandy OH, Grant AE (eds). Framing Public Life. Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001.
73. Murdoch G, Petts J, Horlick-Jones T. After amplification: Rethinking the role of the media in risk communication. Pp. 156–178 in Pidgeon N, Kasperson RE, Slovic P (eds). The Social Amplification of Risk. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
74. Weaver DH. Thoughts on agenda-setting, framing, and priming. Journal of Communication, 2007; 57(1):142–147.
75. Shih TJ, Wijaya R, Brossard D. Media coverage of public health epidemics: Linking framing and issue attention cycle toward an integrated theory of print news coverage of epidemics. Mass Communication & Society, 2008; 11(2):141–160.
76. Esser F. Tabloidization of news: A comparative analysis of Anglo-American and German press journalism. European Journal of Communication, 1999; 14(3):291–324.
77. Örnebring H, Jönsson AM. Tabloid journalism and the public sphere: A historical perspective on tabloid journalism. Journalism Studies, 2001; 5(3):283–295.
78. Hans-Bredow-Institut (ed). Internationales Handbuch Medien [International Handbook Media]. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2009.
79. Grabe ME. Tabloid press. Pp. 4945–4947 in Donsbach W (ed). The International Encyclopedia of Communication, Vol. XI. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008.
80. Sparks C, Tulloch J (eds). Tabloid Tales. Global Debates over Media Standards. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000.
81. Riffe D, Lacy S, Fico FG. Analyzing Media Messages Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005.
82. Holsti OR. Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969.
83. Kaid II, Wadsworth AJ. Content analysis. Pp. 197–217 in Emmert P, Barker LL (eds). Measurement of Communication Behavior. New York: Longman, 1989.
84. Krippendorff K. Content Analysis. An Introduction to Its Methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA/London: Sage, 2004.
85. Lovejoy J, Watson BR, Lacy S, Riffe D. Assessing the reporting of reliability in published content analyses: 1985–2010. Communication Methods and Measures, 2014; 8(3):207–221.
86. Krippendorff K. Agreement and information in the reliability of coding. Communication Methods and Measures, 2011; 5(2):93–112.
87. Danielian LH, Reese SD. A closer look at intermedia influences on agenda-setting: The cocaine issue of 1986. Pp. 47–66 in Shoemaker PJ (ed). Communication Campaigns about Drugs: Government, Media, and the Public. New Jersey: Erlbaum, 1989.
88. Downs A. Up and down with ecology: The issue-attention cycle. Public Interest, 1972; 28:38–50.
89. McComas K, Shanahan J. Telling stories about global climate change: Measuring the impact of narratives on issue cycles. Communication Research, 1999; 26(1):30–57.
90. Jung Oh H, Hove T, Paek H-J, Lee B, Lee H, Kyu Song S. Attention cycles and the H1N1 pandemic: A cross-national study of US and Korean newspaper coverage. Asian Journal of Communication, 2012; 22(2):214–234.