Highly Toughened Polylactide-Based Materials through Melt-Blending Techniques

Biodegradable Polyesters

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 235-274

  Odent, Jérémy ^a   Raquez, Jean Marie ^a   Dubois, Philippe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONS   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Blending; Impact strength; Polylactide; Renewable; Rubbery materials

Indexed keywords

BIODEGRADABILITY; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS; IMPACT STRENGTH; POLYESTERS;

BIOMEDICAL FIELDS; IMPACT MECHANISM; INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION; MELT-BLENDING METHODS; POLY LACTIDE; RENEWABLE; RUBBER TOUGHENING; RUBBERY MATERIALS;

BLENDING;

EID: 85018195209     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527656950.ch10     Document Type: Chapter

References (206)

1. Avérous, L. (2004) J. Macromol. Sci. Part C, 44, 231-274.
2. Bastioli, C. (2005) Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers, Rapra Technology.
3. Avérous, L. and Pollet, E. (2012) in Environmental Silicate NanoBiocomposites (eds L. Avérous and E. Pollet), Springer, London, pp. 13-39.
4. Fritz, J., Link, U., and Braun, R. (2001) Starch - Stärke, 53, 105-109.
5. Narayan, R. (2009) Fundamental principles and concepts of biodegrad-ability - sorting through the facts, hypes, and claims of biodegradable plastics in the marketplace. Bioplastics Magazine, 4, January 2009, pp. 4/28-4/31.
6. BPI (2013) Confused by the terms Biodegradable & Biobased, September 20, 2013.
7. Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M., and Drzal, L.T. (2002) J. Polym. Environ., 10, 19-26.
8. Wolf, M.-A., Baitz, M., and Kreissig, J. (2010) in Polymers - Opportunities and Risks II (eds P. Eyerer, M. Weller, and C. Hübner), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-53.
9. Compounding World (2013) Bio-focus turns to durability, pp. 31-36.
10. Avérous, L. (2008) in Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources (eds B. Mohamed Naceur and G. Alessandro), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 433-450.
11. Vert, M., Schwarch, G., and Coudane, J. (1995) J. Macromol. Sci. Part A, 32, 787-796.
12. Babu, R., O'Connor, K., and Seeram, R. (2013) Prog. Biomater., 2, 8.
13. Gandini, A. (2008) Macromolecules, 41, 9491-9504.
14. Groot, W. and Borén, T. (2010) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 15, 970-984.
15. Vink, E.T.H., Rábago, K.R., Glassner, D.A., and Gruber, P.R. (2003) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 80, 403-419.
16. Madhavan Nampoothiri, K., Nair, N.R., and John, R.P. (2010) Bioresour. Technol., 101, 8493-8501.
17. John, R., Nampoothiri, K.M., and Pandey, A. (2007) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 74, 524-534.
18. Datta, R. and Henry, M. (2006) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 81, 1119-1129.
19. Auras, R., Harte, B., and Selke, S. (2004) Macromol. Biosci., 4, 835-864.
20. Endo, T. (ed) (2009) Handbook of Ring-Opening Polymerization, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, pp. 53-63.
21. Inkinen, S., Hakkarainen, M., Albertsson, A.-C., and Södergård, A. (2011) Biomacromolecules, 12, 523-532.
22. Yoo, D., Kim, D., and Lee, D. (2006) Macromol. Res., 14, 510-516.
23. Raquez, J.-M., Habibi, Y., Murariu, M., and Dubois, P. (2013) Prog. Polym. Sci., 38, 1504-1542.
24. Rasal, R.M., Janorkar, A.V., and Hirt, D.E. (2010) Prog. Polym. Sci., 35, 338-356.
25. Kowalski, A., Duda, A., and Penczek, S. (2000) Macromolecules, 33, 7359-7370.
26. Jérôme, C. and Lecomte, P. (2008) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 60, 1056-1076.
27. Penczek, S., Biela, T., and Duda, A. (2000) Macromol. Rapid Commun., 21, 941-950.
28. Drumright, R.E., Gruber, P.R., and Henton, D.E. (2000) Adv. Mater., 12, 1841-1846.
29. Garlotta, D. (2001) J. Polym. Environ., 9, 63-84.
30. Baratian, S., Hall, E.S., Lin, J.S., Xu, R., and Runt, J. (2001) Macromolecules, 34, 4857-4864.
31. Stridsberg, K., Ryner, M., and Albertsson, A.-C. (2002) Degradable Aliphatic Polyesters, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 41-65.
32. Ikada, Y., Jamshidi, K., Tsuji, H., and Hyon, S.H. (1987) Macromolecules, 20, 904-906.
33. Lim, L.T., Auras, R., and Rubino, M. (2008) Prog. Polym. Sci., 33, 820-852.
34. Sasaki, S. and Asakura, T. (2003) Macromolecules, 36, 8385-8390.
35. Cartier, L., Okihara, T., Ikada, Y., Tsuji, H., Puiggali, J., and Lotz, B. (2000) Polymer, 41, 8909-8919.
36. Zhang, J., Tashiro, K., Tsuji, H., and Domb, A.J. (2008) Macromolecules, 41, 1352-1357.
37. Ikada, Y. and Tsuji, H. (2000) Macro-mol. Rapid Commun., 21, 117-132.
38. Södergård, A. and Stolt, M. (2002) Prog. Polym. Sci., 27, 1123-1163.
39. Engelberg, I. and Kohn, J. (1991) Bio-materials, 12, 292-304.
40. Tsuji, H. and Ikada, Y. (1995) Polymer, 36, 2709-2716.
41. Liu, H. and Zhang, J. (2011) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 49, 1051-1083.
42. Janorkar, A.V., Metters, A.T., and Hirt, D.E. (2004) Macromolecules, 37, 9151-9159.
43. Hartmann, M.H. (1998) in Biopolymers from Renewable Resources (ed D. Kaplan ), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 367-411.
44. Harris, A.M. and Lee, E.C. (2008) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 107, 2246-2255.
45. Anderson, K.S., Schreck, K.M., and Hillmyer, M.A. (2008) Polym. Rev., 48, 85-108.
46. Robeson, L.M. (2007) Polymer Blends: A Comprehensive Review, Hanser Gardner Publisher.
47. Kfoury, G., Raquez, J.-M., Hassouna, F., Odent, J., Toniazzo, V., Ruch, D., and Dubois, P. (2013) Front. Chem., 1, 1-46.
48. Mascia, L. and Xanthos, M. (1992) Adv. Polym. Tech., 11, 237-248.
49. Ishida, S., Nagasaki, R., Chino, K., Dong, T., and Inoue, Y. (2009) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 113, 558-566.
50. Liang, J.Z. and Li, R.K.Y. (2000) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 77, 409-417.
51. Alfarraj, A. and Bruce Nauman, E. (2004) Polymer, 45, 8435-8442.
52. NatureWorks (2007) Technology Focus Report: Toughened PLA, http://www.natureworksllc.com/product-and-applications/ingeobiopolymer/technical-publications/media/Files/ToughenedPLA-Technology-Focus-pdf.ashx (accessed 15 September 2010).
53. Perkins, W.G. (1999) Polym. Eng. Sci., 39, 2445-2460.
54. Wu, S. (1990) Polym. Eng. Sci., 30, 753-761.
55. Pearson Raymond, A. (2000) Toughening of Plastics, American Chemical Society, pp. 1-12.
56. Kambour, R.P. (1973) J. Polym. Sci.: Macromol. Rev., 7, 1-154.
57. Narisawa, I. and Yee, A. (2006) Crazing and fracture of polymers, in Materials Science and Technology, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
58. Michler, G.H. (1989) Colloid. Polym. Sci., 267, 377-388.
59. Bucknall, C.B. (2007) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 45, 1399-1409.
60. Könczöl, L., Döll, W., and Michler, G.H. (1992) Colloid. Polym. Sci., 270, 972-981.
61. O'Connell, P.A. and McKenna, G.B. (2002) Yield and crazing in polymers, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
62. Ikeda, R.M. (1993) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 619-629.
63. Seelig, T. and Van der Giessen, E. (2009) Comput. Mater. Sci., 45, 725-728.
64. Dompas, D. and Groeninckx, G. (1994) Polymer, 35 (22), 4743-4749.
65. Lu, F., Cantwell, W.J., and Kausch, H.H. (1997) J. Mater. Sci., 32, 3055-3059.
66. Lazzeri, A. and Bucknall, C.B. (1993) J. Mater. Sci., 28, 6799-6808.
67. Bucknall, C.B. and Paul, D.R. (2013) Polymer, 54, 320-329.
68. Deblieck, R.A.C., van Beek, D.J.M., Remerie, K., and Ward, I.M. (2011) Polymer, 52, 2979-2990.
69. Wood, C.A. and Bradley, W.L. (1997) Compos. Sci. Technol., 57, 1033-1043.
70. Broz, M.E., VanderHart, D.L., and Washburn, N.R. (2003) Biomaterials, 24, 4181-4190.
71. Tsuji, H. and Ikada, Y. (1996) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 60, 2367-2375.
72. Hiljanen-Vainio, M., Varpomaa, P., Seppälä, J., and Törmälä, P. (1996) Macromol. Chem. Phys., 197, 1503-1523.
73. López-Rodríguez, N., López-Arraiza, A., Meaurio, E., and Sarasua, J.R. (2006) Polym. Eng. Sci., 46, 1299-1308.
74. Vilay, V., Mariatti, M., Ahmad, Z., Pasomsouk, K., and Todo, M. (2009) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 114, 1784-1792.
75. Wu, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., and Zhou, W. (2008) Eur. Polym. J., 44, 2171-2183.
76. Patrício, T. and Bártolo, P. (2013) Procedia Eng., 59, 292-297.
77. Tsuji, H. and Yamada, T. (2003) Polym. Int., 52, 269-275.
78. Choi, N.-S., Kim, C.-H., Cho, K.Y., and Park, J.-K. (2002) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86, 1892-1898.
79. Tsuji, H. and Yamada, T. (2003) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87, 412-419.
80. Aslan, S., Calandrelli, L., Laurienzo, P., Malinconico, M., and Migliaresi, C. (2000) J. Mater. Sci., 35, 1615-1622.
81. Wu, D., Zhang, Y., Yuan, L., Zhang, M., and Zhou, W. (2010) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 48, 756-765.
82. Dell'Erba, R., Groeninckx, G., Maglio, G., Malinconico, M., and Migliozzi, A. (2001) Polymer, 42, 7831-7840.
83. Maglio, G., Malinconico, M., Migliozzi, A., and Groeninckx, G. (2004) Macro-mol. Chem. Phys., 205, 946-950.
84. Chavalitpanya, K. and Phattanarudee, S. (2013) Energy Procedia, 34, 542-548.
85. Na, Y.-H., He, Y., Shuai, X., Kikkawa, Y., Doi, Y., and Inoue, Y. (2002) Biomacro-molecules, 3, 1179-1186.
86. Wang, L., Ma, W., Gross, R.A., and McCarthy, S.P. (1998) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 59, 161-168.
87. Semba, T., Kitagawa, K., Ishiaku, U.S., and Hamada, H. (2006) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101, 1816-1825.
88. Semba, T., Kitagawa, K., Ishiaku, U.S., Kotaki, M., and Hamada, H. (2007) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 103, 1066-1074.
89. Harada, M., Iida, K., Okamoto, K., Hayashi, H., and Hirano, K. (2008) Polym. Eng. Sci., 48, 1359-1368.
90. Tams, J., Joziasse, C.A.P., Bos, R.R.M., Rozema, F.R., Grijpma, D.W., and Pennings, A.J. (1995) Biomaterials, 16, 1409-1415.
91. Odent, J., Raquez, J.-M., Duquesne, E., and Dubois, P. (2012) Eur. Polym. J., 48, 331-340.
92. Donald, A.M. and Kramer, E.J. (1982) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 27, 3729-3741.
93. van der Wal, A. and Gaymans, R.J. (1999) Polymer, 40, 6067-6075.
94. Todo, M., Park, S.D., Takayama, T., and Arakawa, K. (2007) Eng. Fract. Mech., 74, 1872-1883.
95. Mahajan, D.K. and Hartmaier, A. (2012) Phys. Rev. E, 86, 021802.
96. Noda, I., Satkowski, M.M., Dowrey, A.E., and Marcott, C. (2004) Macromol. Biosci., 4, 269-275.
97. Meng, B., Deng, J., Liu, Q., Wu, Z., and Yang, W. (2012) Eur. Polym. J., 48, 127-135.
98. Petchwattana, N., Covavisaruch, S., and Euapanthasate, N. (2012) Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 532, 64-70.
99. Ito, M., Abe, S., and Ishikawa, M. (2010) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 115, 1454-1460.
100. Kowalczyk, M. and Piorkowska, E. (2012) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, 4579-4589.
101. Bartczak, Z., Galeski, A., Kowalczuk, M., Sobota, M., and Malinowski, R. (2013) Eur. Polym. J., 49, 3630-3641.
102. Ma, P., Spoelstra, A.B., Schmit, P., and Lemstra, P.J. (2013) Eur. Polym. J., 49, 1523-1531.
103. Li, Y. and Shimizu, H. (2007) Macro-mol. Biosci., 7, 921-928.
104. Han, J.-J. and Huang, H.-X. (2011) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 120, 3217-3223.
105. Ojijo, V., Sinha Ray, S., and Sadiku, R. (2013) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 4266-4276.
106. Oyama, H.T. (2009) Polymer, 50, 747-751.
107. Wang, R., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Wan, C., and Ma, P. (2009) Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 26-33.
108. Jiang, L., Wolcott, M.P., and Zhang, J. (2005) Biomacromolecules, 7, 199-207.
109. Anderson, K.S. and Hillmyer, M.A. (2004) Polymer, 45, 8809-8823.
110. Wang, X., Zhuang, Y., and Dong, L. (2013) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 127, 471-477.
111. Ma, P., Hristova-Bogaerds, D.G., Goossens, J.G.P., Spoelstra, A.B., Zhang, Y., and Lemstra, P.J. (2012) Eur. Polym. J., 48, 146-154.
112. Kang, H., Qiao, B., Wang, R., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Ma, J., and Coates, P. (2013) Polymer, 54, 2450-2458.
113. Liu, H., Song, W., Chen, F., Guo, L., and Zhang, J. (2011) Macromolecules, 44, 1513-1522.
114. Liu, H., Chen, F., Liu, B., Estep, G., and Zhang, J. (2010) Macromolecules, 43, 6058-6066.
115. Taib, R.M., Ghaleb, Z.A., and Mohd Ishak, Z.A. (2012) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 123, 2715-2725.
116. Afrifah, K.A. and Matuana, L.M. (2010) Macromol. Mater. Eng., 295, 802-811.
117. Han, L., Han, C., and Dong, L. (2013) Polym. Compos., 34, 122-130.
118. NatureWorks (2007) Technology Focus Report: Blends of PLA with Other Thermoplastics, http://www.natureworksllc.com//media/technical_resources/properties_documents/propertiesdocument_blends-of-ingeo-with-other-thermoplastics_pdf.pdf (accessed 03 October 2013).
119. DuPont (2010) DuPont Biomax Strong: PLA Toughening Modifier, http://www2.dupont.com/Biomax/en_US/assets/downloads/Biomax%20Strong.pdf (accessed 29 September 2014). 120.
120. DuPont (2010) DuPont Biomax Strong 100, http://www2.dupont.com/Biomax/en_US/assets/downloads/biomax_strong_100.pdf, (accessed 03 October 2013).
121. Dupont (2007) Addit. Polym., 2007, 2.
122. DupPont (2013) DuPont Hytrel Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer, http://plastics.dupont.com/plastics/dsheets/hytrel/GBHYTREL3078.pdf?GXHC_gx_session_id_=6c5f32570 (accessed 29 September 2014).
123. DuPont (2010) DuPont Biomax Strong 100 Ethylene Copolymer Resin, http://en.pushi.com.cn/upload/perusal/2007080316325153.pdf (accessed 03 November 2013).
124. Arkema (2007) Plast., Addit. Compd., 9, 14, 16-21.
125. Arkema (2008) Addit. Polym., 2008, 4-5.
126. Arkema (2013) Biostrength by Arkema: Biostrength 150 Opaque Impact Modifier, http://www.additives-arkema.com/export/sites/acrylicmodifiers/.content/medias/downloads/literature/biostrength-150-impact-modifier.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
127. Arkema (2013) Biostrength by Arkema: Biostrength 280 Transparent Impact Modifier, http://www.additives-arkema.com/export/sites/acrylicmodifiers/.content/medias/downloads/literature/biostrength-280-impact-modifier.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
128. Arkema (2013) Arkema Impact Modifiers, http://www.melrob.com/Region/UK/en-GB/Products/Plastics/PlasticsAdditives/ImpactModifiers.aspx (accessed 05 November 2013).
129. Arkema (2013) LOTADER Ethylene - Acrylic Ester - Glycidyl Methacrylate Terpolymer, http://www.lotryl.com/export/sites/lotryl/.content/medias/downloads/literature/tds_lotader_ax8900_2010.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
130. Arkema (2013) Acrylic Block Copolymers for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, http://www.pstc.org/files/public/LebouvierDan.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
131. Rohm§Haas (2008) Addit. Polym., 2008, 1-2.
132. Rohm§Haas PARALOID™ KM-355 Acrylic Impact Modifier For Weatherable Vinyl Building Application, http://www.dow.com/assets/attachments/business/pbm/paraloid_km/paraloid_km-355/tds/paraloid_km-355.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
133. Rhom§Haas (2007) Addit. Polym., 2007, Rhom&Haas4.
134. Dow (2010) Dow Introduces New Generation Impact Modifier for PLA and PLA Blends http://www.sustainableplastics.org/news/dow-introduces-new-generation-impact-modifier-pla-andpla-blends (accessed 05 November 2013).
135. Dow (2010) PARALOID™ BPM-515 Acrylic Impact Modifier for Polyactic Acid Resin, http://www.dow.com/assets/attachments/business/plastics_additives/paraloid_bpm/paraloid_bpm-515/tds/paraloid_bpm-515.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
136. Dow (2010) Polaroid BPM-520 Impact Modifier: Weatherable Impact Modifier for Engineering Resins, http://www.dow.com/assets/attachments/business/plastics_additives/paraloid_exl/paraloid_exl-2314/tds/paraloid_exl-2314.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
137. PolyOne and Dow (2011) Dow and PolyOne Introduce New Generation Impact Modifier for PLA, http://www.polyone.com/en-us/news/Press%20Release%20Attachments/Dow%20PolyOne%20OnCap%20BIO%20L%20joint%20release.pdf (accessed 05 November 2013).
138. PolyOne (2010) New Transparent Impact Modifier from PolyOne Expands Potential of PLA Biopolymer, http://www.polyone.com/en-us/news/Press%20Release%20Attachments/Chinaplas%20OnCap%20BIO%
139. Lipatov, Y.S., Nesterov, A.E., Ignatova, T.D., and Nesterov, D.A. (2002) Polymer, 43, 875-880.
140. Vandebril, S., Vermant, J., and Moldenaers, P. (2010) Soft Matter, 6, 3353-3362.
141. Cai, X., Li, B., Pan, Y., and Wu, G. (2012) Polymer, 53, 259-266.
142. Dharaiya, D.P. and Jana, S.C. (2005) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 43, 3638-3651.
143. Bitinis, N., Verdejo, R., Maya, E.M., Espuche, E., Cassagnau, P., and Lopez-Manchado, M.A. (2012) Compos. Sci. Technol., 72, 305-313.
144. Balakrishnan, H., Hassan, A., Wahit, M.U., Yussuf, A.A., and Razak, S.B.A. (2010) Mater. Des., 31, 3289-3298.
145. As'habi, L., Jafari, S.H., Khonakdar, H.A., Häussler, L., Wagenknecht, U., and Heinrich, G. (2013) Thermochim. Acta, 565, 102-113.
146. As'habi, L., Jafari, S.H., Khonakdar, H.A., Boldt, R., Wagenknecht, U., and Heinrich, G. (2013) eXPRESS Polym. Lett., 7, 21-39.
147. As'habi, L., Jafari, S.H., Khonakdar, H.A., Kretzschmar, B., Wagenknecht, U., and Heinrich, G. (2013) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 130, 749-758.
148. Chen, G.-X., Kim, H.-S., Kim, E.-S., and Yoon, J.-S. (2005) Polymer, 46, 11829-11836.
149. Chen, G.-X. and Yoon, J.-S. (2005) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 43, 478-487.
150. Wen, X., Lin, Y., Han, C., Han, L., Li, Y., and Dong, L. (2010) Macromol. Mater. Eng., 295, 415-419.
151. Baouz, T., Rezgui, F., and Yilmazer, U. (2013) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 128, 3193-3204.
152. Jiang, L., Liu, B., and Zhang, J. (2009) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48, 7594-7602.
153. Liu, T., Yu, F., Yu, X., Zhao, X., Lu, A., and Wang, J. (2012) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 125, 1292-1301.
154. Leu, Y.Y., Mohd Ishak, Z.A., and Chow, W.S. (2012) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, 1200-1207.
155. Nuñez, K., Rosales, C., Perera, R., Villarreal, N., and Pastor, J.M. (2012) Polym. Eng. Sci., 52, 988-1004.
156. PolyOne (2008) OnCapTM BIO Impact T: Transparent Impact Modifi er for Polylactic Acid http://www.polyone.com/enus/docs/Documents/OnCap%20BIO%201mpact%20T.pdf (accessed 03 November 2013).
157. Sukano (2010) Bio Goes Functional: Sukano Biobased Masterbatches Put Performance into PLA (accessed 03 November 2013).
158. Scaffaro, R., Morreale, M., Mirabella, F., and La Mantia, F.P. (2011) Macromol. Mater. Eng., 296, 141-150.
159. Murariu, M., Ferreira, A.D.S., Duquesne, E., Bonnaud, L., and Dubois, P. (2008) Macromol. Symp., 272, 1-12.
160. Vegt, A.K. and Elmendorp, J.J. (1986) in Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology (eds L.A. Kleintjens and P.J. Lemstra), Springer, pp. 381-389.
161. Koning, C., Van Duin, M., Pagnoulle, C., and Jerome, R. (1998) Prog. Polym. Sci., 23, 707-757.
162. Lorenzo, D.L.M. (1997) in Compatibilization Criteria and Procedures for Binary Blends: A Review (ed M. Frigione), Freund, Tel Aviv.
163. Kim, J.K., Kim, S., and Park, C.E. (1997) Polymer, 38, 2155-2164.
164. Fortelný, I. (2004) Eur. Polym. J., 40, 2161-2166.
165. Lyu, S., Jones, T.D., Bates, F.S., and Macosko, C.W. (2002) Macromolecules, 35, 7845-7855.
166. Macosko, C.W., Jeon, H.K., and Hoye, T.R. (2005) Prog. Polym. Sci., 30, 939-947.
167. Sundararaj, U., Dori, Y., and Macosko, C.W. (1995) Polymer, 36, 1957-1968.
168. Sundararaj, U., Macosko, C.W., Rolando, R.J., and Chan, H.T. (1992) Polym. Eng. Sci., 32, 1814-1823.
169. Scott, C.E. and Macosko, C.W. (1995) Polymer, 36, 461-470.
170. Nesterov, A.E. and Lipatov, Y.S. (1999) Polymer, 40, 1347-1349.
171. Nesterov, A.E., Lipatov, Y.S., and Ignatova, T.D. (2001) Eur. Polym. J., 37, 281-285.
172. Bitinis, N., Fortunati, E., Verdejo, R., Bras, J., Kenny, J.M., Torre, L., and López-Manchado, M.A. (2013) Carbohydr. Polym., 96, 621-627.
173. Qiang, T., Yu, D., and Gao, H. (2012) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, 1831-1839.
174. Goriparthi, B.K., Suman, K.N.S., and Nalluri, M.R. (2012) Polym. Compos., 33, 237-244.
175. Hasook, A., Tanoue, S., Iemoto, Y., and Unryu, T. (2006) Polym. Eng. Sci., 46, 1001-1007.
176. Teamsinsungvon, A., Ruksakulpiwa, Y., and Jarukumjorn, K. (2010) Adv. Mater. Res., 123-125, 193-196.
177. Li, T., Turng, L.-S., Gong, S., and Erlacher, K. (2006) Polym. Eng. Sci., 46, 1419-1427.
178. Zhang, J.-F. and Sun, X. (2004) Polym. Int., 53, 716-722.
179. Lin, Y., Zhang, K.-Y., Dong, Z.-M., Dong, L.-S., and Li, Y.-S. (2007) Macromolecules, 40, 6257-6267.
180. Pilla, S., Kramschuster, A., Lee, J., Clemons, C., Gong, S., and Turng, L.-S. (2010) J. Mater. Sci., 45, 2732-2746.
181. Bhardwaj, R. and Mohanty, A.K. (2007) Biomacromolecules, 8, 2476-2484.
182. Nyambo, C., Misra, M., and Mohanty, A. (2012) J. Mater. Sci., 47, 5158-5168.
183. Yuan, Y. and Ruckenstein, E. (1998) Polym. Bull., 40, 485-490.
184. Chen, B.-K., Shen, C.-H., Chen, S.-C., and Chen, A.F. (2010) Polymer, 51, 4667-4672.
185. Quynh, T.M., Mai, H.H., and Lan, P.N. (2013) Radiat. Phys. Chem., 83, 105-110.
186. Peponi, L., Navarro-Baena, I., Sonseca, A., Gimenez, E., Marcos-Fernandez, A., and Kenny, J.M. (2013) Eur. Polym. J., 49, 893-903.
187. Friedrich, K. (1983) in Crazing in Polymers (ed H.H. Kausch), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 225-274.
188. Yu, L., Liu, H., Xie, F., Chen, L., and Li, X. (2008) Polym. Eng. Sci., 48, 634-641.
189. Nascimento, L., Gamez-Perez, J., Santana, O.O., Velasco, J.I., Maspoch, M.L., and Franco-Urquiza, E. (2010) J. Polym. Environ., 18, 654-660.
190. Park, S.-D., Todo, M., and Arakawa, K. (2005) J. Mater. Sci., 40, 1055-1058.
191. Renouf-Glauser, A.C., Rose, J., Farrar, D.F., and Cameron, R.E. (2005) Biomaterials, 26, 5771-5782.
192. Gamez-Perez, J., Velazquez-Infante, J.C., Franco-Urquiza, E., Pages, P., Carrasco, F., Santana, O.O., and Ll Maspoch, M. (2011) eXPRESS Polym. Lett., 5, 82-91.
193. Park, S.D., Todo, M., Arakawa, K., and Koganemaru, M. (2006) Polymer, 47, 1357-1363.
194. He, D., Wang, Y., Shao, C., Zheng, G., Li, Q., and Shen, C. (2013) Polym. Test., 32, 1088-1093.
195. Xiao, H.W., Li, P., Ren, X., Jiang, T., and Yeh, J.-T. (2010) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 118, 3558-3569.
196. Gui, Z., Lu, C., and Cheng, S. (2013) Polym. Test., 32, 15-21.
197. Shakoor, A. and Thomas, N.L. (2013) Polym. Eng. Sci., 54, (1), January 2014 64-70.
198. Yu, F., Liu, T., Zhao, X., Yu, X., Lu, A., and Wang, J. (2012) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 125, E99-E109.
199. Tang, Z., Zhang, C., Liu, X., and Zhu, J. (2012) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 125, 1108-1115.
200. Kawamoto, N., Sakai, A., Horikoshi, T., Urushihara, T., and Tobita, E. (2007) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 103, 244-250.
201. Lai, S.-M., Hung, K.-C., Kao, H.C., Liu, L.-C., and Wang, X.F. (2013) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 130, 2399-2409.
202. Ran, X., Jia, Z., Han, C., Yang, Y., and Dong, L. (2010) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 116, 2050-2057.
203. Suksut, B. and Deeprasertkul, C. (2011) J. Polym. Environ., 19, 288-296.
204. Jain, S., Reddy, M.M., Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M., and Ghosh, A.K. (2010) Macromol. Mater. Eng., 295, 750-762.
205. Bai, H., Xiu, H., Gao, J., Deng, H., Zhang, Q., Yang, M., and Fu, Q. (2012) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4, 897-905.
206. Bai, H., Huang, C., Xiu, H., Gao, Y., Zhang, Q., and Fu, Q. (2013) Polymer. 54 (19), 23 August 2013, 5257-5266.