메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 92, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 355-364

Myotonic dystrophy type 1: role of CCG, CTC and CGG interruptions within DMPK alleles in the pathogenesis and molecular diagnosis

Author keywords

dystrophia myotonica protein kinase; epigenetics; myotonic dystrophy type 1; triplet interruptions

Indexed keywords

MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY PROTEIN KINASE; DMPK PROTEIN, HUMAN; RNA BINDING PROTEIN;

EID: 85013384803     PISSN: 00099163     EISSN: 13990004     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/cge.12954     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0003740896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd edn., London, W.B. Saunders
    • Harper P. Myotonic dystrophy, 3rd edn. London: W.B. Saunders, 2001.
    • (2001) Myotonic dystrophy
    • Harper, P.1
  • 2
    • 84958818835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An age-standardized prevalence estimate and a sex and age distribution of myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2 in the Rome province, Italy
    • Vanacore N, Rastelli E, Antonini G et al. An age-standardized prevalence estimate and a sex and age distribution of myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2 in the Rome province, Italy. Neuroepidemiology 2016: 46: 191–197.
    • (2016) Neuroepidemiology , vol.46 , pp. 191-197
    • Vanacore, N.1    Rastelli, E.2    Antonini, G.3
  • 3
    • 0032014599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myotonic dystrophy as a brain disorder
    • Ashizawa T. Myotonic dystrophy as a brain disorder. Arch Neurol 1998: 55: 291–293.
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 291-293
    • Ashizawa, T.1
  • 4
    • 0036310549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 99th ENMC international workshop: myotonic dystrophy: present management, future therapy. 9–11 November 2001, Naarden, The Netherlands
    • Harper PS, van Engelen BGM, Eymard B, Rogers M, Wilcox D. 99th ENMC international workshop: myotonic dystrophy: present management, future therapy. 9–11 November 2001, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2002: 12: 596–599.
    • (2002) Neuromuscul Disord , vol.12 , pp. 596-599
    • Harper, P.S.1    van Engelen, B.G.M.2    Eymard, B.3    Rogers, M.4    Wilcox, D.5
  • 5
    • 8844224764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe cardiac arrhythmias in young patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
    • Bassez G, Lazarus A, Desguerre I et al. Severe cardiac arrhythmias in young patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neurology 2004: 63: 1939–1941.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 1939-1941
    • Bassez, G.1    Lazarus, A.2    Desguerre, I.3
  • 6
    • 11344263310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent posterior capsular opacification and capsulorhexis contracture after cataract surgery in myotonic dystrophy
    • Garrott HM, Walland MJ, O'Day J. Recurrent posterior capsular opacification and capsulorhexis contracture after cataract surgery in myotonic dystrophy. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2004: 32: 653–655.
    • (2004) Clin Experiment Ophthalmol , vol.32 , pp. 653-655
    • Garrott, H.M.1    Walland, M.J.2    O'Day, J.3
  • 7
    • 84899105416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus on cerebral involvement in myotonic dystrophy: workshop report: May 24–27, 2013, Ferrere (AT), Italy
    • Bugiardini E, Meola G, DM-CNS Group. Consensus on cerebral involvement in myotonic dystrophy: workshop report: May 24–27, 2013, Ferrere (AT), Italy. Neuromuscul Disord 2014: 24: 445–452.
    • (2014) Neuromuscul Disord , vol.24 , pp. 445-452
    • Bugiardini, E.1    Meola, G.2
  • 8
    • 80051583446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep disorders in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1: a controlled polysomnographic study
    • Romigi A, Izzi F, Pisani V et al. Sleep disorders in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1: a controlled polysomnographic study. Eur J Neurol 2011: 18: 1139–1145.
    • (2011) Eur J Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 1139-1145
    • Romigi, A.1    Izzi, F.2    Pisani, V.3
  • 9
    • 84884357433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D deficiency in myotonic dystrophy type 1
    • Terracciano C, Rastelli E, Morello M et al. Vitamin D deficiency in myotonic dystrophy type 1. J Neurol 2013: 260: 2330–2334.
    • (2013) J Neurol , vol.260 , pp. 2330-2334
    • Terracciano, C.1    Rastelli, E.2    Morello, M.3
  • 10
    • 84960419575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum to: increased risk of tumor in DM1 is not related to exposure to common lifestyle risk factors
    • Bianchi MLE, Leoncini E, Masciullo M et al. Erratum to: increased risk of tumor in DM1 is not related to exposure to common lifestyle risk factors. J Neurol 2016: 263: 499.
    • (2016) J Neurol , vol.263 , pp. 499
    • Bianchi, M.L.E.1    Leoncini, E.2    Masciullo, M.3
  • 11
    • 0028303344 scopus 로고
    • Incorrect diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy and its potential consequences revealed by subsequent direct genetic analysis
    • Barnes PR, Hilton-Jones D, Norbury G, Roberts A, Huson SM. Incorrect diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy and its potential consequences revealed by subsequent direct genetic analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994: 57: 662.
    • (1994) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 662
    • Barnes, P.R.1    Hilton-Jones, D.2    Norbury, G.3    Roberts, A.4    Huson, S.M.5
  • 12
    • 10044247416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the pattern of cognitive impairment in myotonic dystrophy type 1
    • Modoni A, Silvestri G, Pomponi MG, Mangiola F, Tonali PA, Marra C. Characterization of the pattern of cognitive impairment in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Arch Neurol 2004: 61: 1943–1947.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 1943-1947
    • Modoni, A.1    Silvestri, G.2    Pomponi, M.G.3    Mangiola, F.4    Tonali, P.A.5    Marra, C.6
  • 13
    • 0026603841 scopus 로고
    • Myotonic dystrophy mutation: an unstable CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the gene
    • Mahadevan M, Tsilfidis C, Sabourin L et al. Myotonic dystrophy mutation: an unstable CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the gene. Science 1992: 255: 1253–1255.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 1253-1255
    • Mahadevan, M.1    Tsilfidis, C.2    Sabourin, L.3
  • 14
    • 84869221207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best practice guidelines and recommendations on the molecular diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2
    • Kamsteeg EJ, Kress W, Catalli C et al. Best practice guidelines and recommendations on the molecular diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2. Eur J Hum Genet 2012: 20: 1203–1208.
    • (2012) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.20 , pp. 1203-1208
    • Kamsteeg, E.J.1    Kress, W.2    Catalli, C.3
  • 15
    • 70450203364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic mechanisms of myotonic dystrophy
    • Lee JE, Cooper TA. Pathogenic mechanisms of myotonic dystrophy. Biochem Soc Trans 2009: 37: 1281–1286.
    • (2009) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.37 , pp. 1281-1286
    • Lee, J.E.1    Cooper, T.A.2
  • 16
    • 77954659835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal myogenesis and increased apoptosis in myotonic dystrophy type-1 muscle cells
    • Loro E, Rinaldi F, Malena A et al. Normal myogenesis and increased apoptosis in myotonic dystrophy type-1 muscle cells. Cell Death Differ 2010: 17: 1315–1324.
    • (2010) Cell Death Differ , vol.17 , pp. 1315-1324
    • Loro, E.1    Rinaldi, F.2    Malena, A.3
  • 17
    • 77952369117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of microRNA-206 in the skeletal muscle from myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients
    • Gambardella S, Rinaldi F, Lepore SM et al. Overexpression of microRNA-206 in the skeletal muscle from myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients. J Transl Med 2010: 8: 48.
    • (2010) J Transl Med , vol.8 , pp. 48
    • Gambardella, S.1    Rinaldi, F.2    Lepore, S.M.3
  • 18
    • 84882733817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MBNL142 and MBNL143 gene isoforms, overexpressed in DM1-patient muscle, encode for nuclear proteins interacting with Src family kinases
    • Botta A, Malena A, Tibaldi E et al. MBNL142 and MBNL143 gene isoforms, overexpressed in DM1-patient muscle, encode for nuclear proteins interacting with Src family kinases. Cell Death Dis 2013: 4: e770.
    • (2013) Cell Death Dis , vol.4
    • Botta, A.1    Malena, A.2    Tibaldi, E.3
  • 20
    • 67649883511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly unstable sequence interruptions of the CTG repeat in the myotonic dystrophy gene
    • Musova Z, Mazanec R, Krepelova A et al. Highly unstable sequence interruptions of the CTG repeat in the myotonic dystrophy gene. Am J Med Genet A 2009: 149A: 1365–1374.
    • (2009) Am J Med Genet A , vol.149 , pp. 1365-1374
    • Musova, Z.1    Mazanec, R.2    Krepelova, A.3
  • 21
    • 77952304645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variant CCG and GGC repeats within the CTG expansion dramatically modify mutational dynamics and likely contribute toward unusual symptoms in some myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients
    • Braida C, Stefanatos RKA, Adam B et al. Variant CCG and GGC repeats within the CTG expansion dramatically modify mutational dynamics and likely contribute toward unusual symptoms in some myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients. Hum Mol Genet 2010: 19: 1399–1412.
    • (2010) Hum Mol Genet , vol.19 , pp. 1399-1412
    • Braida, C.1    Stefanatos, R.K.A.2    Adam, B.3
  • 22
    • 84891504478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular, clinical, and muscle studies in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) associated with novel variant CCG expansions
    • Santoro M, Masciullo M, Pietrobono R et al. Molecular, clinical, and muscle studies in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) associated with novel variant CCG expansions. J Neurol 2013: 260: 1245–1257.
    • (2013) J Neurol , vol.260 , pp. 1245-1257
    • Santoro, M.1    Masciullo, M.2    Pietrobono, R.3
  • 23
    • 0026767610 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic mutations: a new class of mutations causing human disease
    • Richards RI, Sutherland GR. Dynamic mutations: a new class of mutations causing human disease. Cell 1992: 70: 709–712.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 709-712
    • Richards, R.I.1    Sutherland, G.R.2
  • 24
    • 0027366978 scopus 로고
    • Myotonic dystrophy: size- and sex-dependent dynamics of CTG meiotic instability, and somatic mosaicism
    • Lavedan C, Hofmann-Radvanyi H, Shelbourne P et al. Myotonic dystrophy: size- and sex-dependent dynamics of CTG meiotic instability, and somatic mosaicism. Am J Hum Genet 1993: 52: 875–883.
    • (1993) Am J Hum Genet , vol.52 , pp. 875-883
    • Lavedan, C.1    Hofmann-Radvanyi, H.2    Shelbourne, P.3
  • 25
    • 0028873248 scopus 로고
    • Somatic mosaicism, germline expansions, germline reversions and intergenerational reductions in myotonic dystrophy males: small pool PCR analyses
    • Monckton DG, Wong LJ, Ashizawa T, Caskey CT. Somatic mosaicism, germline expansions, germline reversions and intergenerational reductions in myotonic dystrophy males: small pool PCR analyses. Hum Mol Genet 1995: 4: 1–8.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 1-8
    • Monckton, D.G.1    Wong, L.J.2    Ashizawa, T.3    Caskey, C.T.4
  • 26
    • 0026457624 scopus 로고
    • The correlation of age of onset with CTG trinucleotide repeat amplification in myotonic dystrophy
    • Hunter A, Tsilfidis C, Mettler G et al. The correlation of age of onset with CTG trinucleotide repeat amplification in myotonic dystrophy. J Med Genet 1992: 29: 774–779.
    • (1992) J Med Genet , vol.29 , pp. 774-779
    • Hunter, A.1    Tsilfidis, C.2    Mettler, G.3
  • 27
    • 77649144557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeat instability as the basis for human diseases and as a potential target for therapy
    • López Castel A, Cleary JD, Pearson CE. Repeat instability as the basis for human diseases and as a potential target for therapy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010: 11: 165–170.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 165-170
    • López Castel, A.1    Cleary, J.D.2    Pearson, C.E.3
  • 29
    • 0028891020 scopus 로고
    • A novel repeat structure at the myotonic dystrophy locus in a 37 repeat allele with unexpectedly high stability
    • Leeflang EP, Arnheim N. A novel repeat structure at the myotonic dystrophy locus in a 37 repeat allele with unexpectedly high stability. Hum Mol Genet 1995: 4: 135–136.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 135-136
    • Leeflang, E.P.1    Arnheim, N.2
  • 30
    • 84952909812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple repeat-primed PCR analysis of the myotonic dystrophy type 1 gene in a clinical diagnostics environment
    • Dryland PA, Doherty E, Love JM, Love DR. Simple repeat-primed PCR analysis of the myotonic dystrophy type 1 gene in a clinical diagnostics environment. J Neurodegener Dis 2013: 2013: 857564.
    • (2013) J Neurodegener Dis , vol.2013 , pp. 857564
    • Dryland, P.A.1    Doherty, E.2    Love, J.M.3    Love, D.R.4
  • 31
    • 85029623695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of 5' CCG interruptions in complex DMPK expanded alleles
    • Botta A, Rossi G, Marcaurelio M et al. Identification and characterization of 5' CCG interruptions in complex DMPK expanded alleles. Eur J Hum Genet 2016:1–5.
    • (2016) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.1 , pp. 5
    • Botta, A.1    Rossi, G.2    Marcaurelio, M.3
  • 32
    • 0027495515 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a mechanism predisposing to intergenerational CAG repeat instability in spinocerebellar ataxia type I
    • Chung MY, Ranum LP, Duvick LA, Servadio A, Zoghbi HY, Orr HT. Evidence for a mechanism predisposing to intergenerational CAG repeat instability in spinocerebellar ataxia type I. Nat Genet 1993: 5: 254–258.
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.5 , pp. 254-258
    • Chung, M.Y.1    Ranum, L.P.2    Duvick, L.A.3    Servadio, A.4    Zoghbi, H.Y.5    Orr, H.T.6
  • 33
    • 0028168645 scopus 로고
    • Length of uninterrupted CGG repeats determines instability in the FMR1 gene
    • Eichler EE, Holden JJ, Popovich BW et al. Length of uninterrupted CGG repeats determines instability in the FMR1 gene. Nat Genet 1994: 8: 88–94.
    • (1994) Nat Genet , vol.8 , pp. 88-94
    • Eichler, E.E.1    Holden, J.J.2    Popovich, B.W.3
  • 34
    • 0035504107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAG repeat instability at SCA2 locus: anchoring CAA interruptions and linked single nucleotide polymorphisms
    • Choudhry S, Mukerji M, Srivastava AK, Jain S, Brahmachari SK. CAG repeat instability at SCA2 locus: anchoring CAA interruptions and linked single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hum Mol Genet 2001: 10: 2437–2446.
    • (2001) Hum Mol Genet , vol.10 , pp. 2437-2446
    • Choudhry, S.1    Mukerji, M.2    Srivastava, A.K.3    Jain, S.4    Brahmachari, S.K.5
  • 35
    • 8544240144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Friedreich ataxia GAA triplet repeat: premutation and normal alleles
    • Montermini L, Andermann E, Labuda M et al. The Friedreich ataxia GAA triplet repeat: premutation and normal alleles. Hum Mol Genet 1997: 6: 1261–1266.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 1261-1266
    • Montermini, L.1    Andermann, E.2    Labuda, M.3
  • 36
    • 2642689662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis of slipped-strand DNA (S-DNA) formed in (CTG)n. (CAG)n repeats from the myotonic dystrophy locus
    • Pearson CE, Wang YH, Griffith JD, Sinden RR. Structural analysis of slipped-strand DNA (S-DNA) formed in (CTG)n. (CAG)n repeats from the myotonic dystrophy locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1998: 26: 816–823.
    • (1998) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.26 , pp. 816-823
    • Pearson, C.E.1    Wang, Y.H.2    Griffith, J.D.3    Sinden, R.R.4
  • 37
    • 0028890669 scopus 로고
    • Somatic heterogeneity of the CTG repeat in myotonic dystrophy is age and size dependent
    • Wong LJ, Ashizawa T, Monckton DG, Caskey CT, Richards CS. Somatic heterogeneity of the CTG repeat in myotonic dystrophy is age and size dependent. Am J Hum Genet 1995: 56: 114–122.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.56 , pp. 114-122
    • Wong, L.J.1    Ashizawa, T.2    Monckton, D.G.3    Caskey, C.T.4    Richards, C.S.5
  • 38
    • 84865088097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic instability of the expanded CTG triplet repeat in myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a heritable quantitative trait and modifier of disease severity
    • Morales F, Couto JM, Higham CF et al. Somatic instability of the expanded CTG triplet repeat in myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a heritable quantitative trait and modifier of disease severity. Hum Mol Genet 2012: 21: 3558–3567.
    • (2012) Hum Mol Genet , vol.21 , pp. 3558-3567
    • Morales, F.1    Couto, J.M.2    Higham, C.F.3
  • 39
    • 84861112204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of somatic DNA diversity at the myotonic dystrophy type 1 locus are driven by ultra-frequent expansion and contraction mutations
    • Higham CF, Morales F, Cobbold CA, Haydon DT, Monckton DG. High levels of somatic DNA diversity at the myotonic dystrophy type 1 locus are driven by ultra-frequent expansion and contraction mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2012: 21: 2450–2463.
    • (2012) Hum Mol Genet , vol.21 , pp. 2450-2463
    • Higham, C.F.1    Morales, F.2    Cobbold, C.A.3    Haydon, D.T.4    Monckton, D.G.5
  • 40
  • 41
    • 34147135054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prediction for clinical phenotype in myotonic dystrophy type 1: data from 2,650 patients
    • Salehi LB, Bonifazi E, Stasio ED et al. Risk prediction for clinical phenotype in myotonic dystrophy type 1: data from 2,650 patients. Genet Test 2007: 11: 84–90.
    • (2007) Genet Test , vol.11 , pp. 84-90
    • Salehi, L.B.1    Bonifazi, E.2    Stasio, E.D.3
  • 42
    • 13544270270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAG repeats containing CAA interruptions form branched hairpin structures in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 transcripts
    • Sobczak K, Krzyzosiak WJ. CAG repeats containing CAA interruptions form branched hairpin structures in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 transcripts. J Biol Chem 2005: 280: 3898–3910.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 3898-3910
    • Sobczak, K.1    Krzyzosiak, W.J.2
  • 44
    • 1842406027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CUG repeats present in myotonin kinase RNA form metastable "slippery" hairpins
    • Napierała M, Krzyzosiak WJ. CUG repeats present in myotonin kinase RNA form metastable "slippery" hairpins. J Biol Chem 1997: 272: 31079–31085.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 31079-31085
    • Napierała, M.1    Krzyzosiak, W.J.2
  • 45
    • 36248932588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MBNL binds similar RNA structures in the CUG repeats of myotonic dystrophy and its pre-mRNA substrate cardiac troponin T
    • Warf MB, Berglund JA. MBNL binds similar RNA structures in the CUG repeats of myotonic dystrophy and its pre-mRNA substrate cardiac troponin T. RNA 2007: 13: 2238–2251.
    • (2007) RNA , vol.13 , pp. 2238-2251
    • Warf, M.B.1    Berglund, J.A.2
  • 46
    • 0027502568 scopus 로고
    • A study of DNA methylation in myotonic dystrophy
    • Shaw DJ, Chaudhary S, Rundle SA et al. A study of DNA methylation in myotonic dystrophy. J Med Genet 1993: 30: 189–192.
    • (1993) J Med Genet , vol.30 , pp. 189-192
    • Shaw, D.J.1    Chaudhary, S.2    Rundle, S.A.3
  • 47
    • 0031911365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DMPK gene of severely affected myotonic dystrophy patients is hypermethylated proximal to the largely expanded CTG repeat
    • Steinbach P, Gläser D, Vogel W, Wolf M, Schwemmle S. The DMPK gene of severely affected myotonic dystrophy patients is hypermethylated proximal to the largely expanded CTG repeat. Am J Hum Genet 1998: 62: 278–285.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.62 , pp. 278-285
    • Steinbach, P.1    Gläser, D.2    Vogel, W.3    Wolf, M.4    Schwemmle, S.5
  • 48
    • 77957757124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation of the CpG sites in the myotonic dystrophy locus does not correlate with CTG expansion size or with the congenital form of the disease
    • Spits C, Seneca S, Hilven P, Liebaers I, Sermon K. Methylation of the CpG sites in the myotonic dystrophy locus does not correlate with CTG expansion size or with the congenital form of the disease. J Med Genet 2010: 47: 700–703.
    • (2010) J Med Genet , vol.47 , pp. 700-703
    • Spits, C.1    Seneca, S.2    Hilven, P.3    Liebaers, I.4    Sermon, K.5
  • 49
    • 79956297128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded CTG repeat demarcates a boundary for abnormal CpG methylation in myotonic dystrophy patient tissues
    • López Castel A, Nakamori M, Tomé S et al. Expanded CTG repeat demarcates a boundary for abnormal CpG methylation in myotonic dystrophy patient tissues. Hum Mol Genet 2011: 20: 1–15.
    • (2011) Hum Mol Genet , vol.20 , pp. 1-15
    • López Castel, A.1    Nakamori, M.2    Tomé, S.3
  • 50
    • 84942694221 scopus 로고
    • Expansion size and presence of CCG/CTC/CGG sequence interruptions in the expanded CTG array are independently associated to hypermethylation at the DMPK locus in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1)
    • Santoro M, Fontana L, Masciullo M et al. Expansion size and presence of CCG/CTC/CGG sequence interruptions in the expanded CTG array are independently associated to hypermethylation at the DMPK locus in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Biochim Biophys Acta 1852: 2015: 2645–2652.
    • (1852) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.2015 , pp. 2645-2652
    • Santoro, M.1    Fontana, L.2    Masciullo, M.3
  • 51
    • 0032731355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase. II. Steady-state kinetics reveal allosteric activation by methylated DNA
    • Bacolla A, Pradhan S, Roberts RJ, Wells RD. Recombinant human DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase. II. Steady-state kinetics reveal allosteric activation by methylated DNA. J Biol Chem 1999: 274: 33011–33019.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 33011-33019
    • Bacolla, A.1    Pradhan, S.2    Roberts, R.J.3    Wells, R.D.4
  • 52
    • 0028818586 scopus 로고
    • A novel homeodomain-encoding gene is associated with a large CpG island interrupted by the myotonic dystrophy unstable (CTG)n repeat
    • Boucher CA, King SK, Carey N et al. A novel homeodomain-encoding gene is associated with a large CpG island interrupted by the myotonic dystrophy unstable (CTG)n repeat. Hum Mol Genet 1995: 4: 1919–1925.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 1919-1925
    • Boucher, C.A.1    King, S.K.2    Carey, N.3
  • 53
    • 0034935016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTCF-binding sites flank CTG/CAG repeats and form a methylation-sensitive insulator at the DM1 locus
    • Filippova GN, Thienes CP, Penn BH et al. CTCF-binding sites flank CTG/CAG repeats and form a methylation-sensitive insulator at the DM1 locus. Nat Genet 2001: 28: 335–343.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.28 , pp. 335-343
    • Filippova, G.N.1    Thienes, C.P.2    Penn, B.H.3
  • 54
    • 27644525713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antisense transcription and heterochromatin at the DM1 CTG repeats are constrained by CTCF
    • Cho DH, Thienes CP, Mahoney SE, Analau E, Filippova GN, Tapscott SJ. Antisense transcription and heterochromatin at the DM1 CTG repeats are constrained by CTCF. Mol Cell 2005: 20: 483–489.
    • (2005) Mol Cell , vol.20 , pp. 483-489
    • Cho, D.H.1    Thienes, C.P.2    Mahoney, S.E.3    Analau, E.4    Filippova, G.N.5    Tapscott, S.J.6
  • 56
    • 0030861573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of the myotonic dystrophy CTG repeat reduces expression of the flanking DMAHP gene
    • Thornton CA, Wymer JP, Simmons Z, McClain C, Moxley RT. Expansion of the myotonic dystrophy CTG repeat reduces expression of the flanking DMAHP gene. Nat Genet 1997: 16: 407–409.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.16 , pp. 407-409
    • Thornton, C.A.1    Wymer, J.P.2    Simmons, Z.3    McClain, C.4    Moxley, R.T.5
  • 57
    • 0030845879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trinucleotide repeat expansion at the myotonic dystrophy locus reduces expression of DMAHP
    • Klesert TR, Otten AD, Bird TD, Tapscott SJ. Trinucleotide repeat expansion at the myotonic dystrophy locus reduces expression of DMAHP. Nat Genet 1997: 16: 402–406.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.16 , pp. 402-406
    • Klesert, T.R.1    Otten, A.D.2    Bird, T.D.3    Tapscott, S.J.4
  • 58
    • 0032971242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous analysis of expression of the three myotonic dystrophy locus genes in adult skeletal muscle samples: the CTG expansion correlates inversely with DMPK and 59 expression levels, but not DMAHP levels
    • Eriksson M, Ansved T, Edström L, Anvret M, Carey N. Simultaneous analysis of expression of the three myotonic dystrophy locus genes in adult skeletal muscle samples: the CTG expansion correlates inversely with DMPK and 59 expression levels, but not DMAHP levels. Hum Mol Genet 1999: 8: 1053–1060.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 1053-1060
    • Eriksson, M.1    Ansved, T.2    Edström, L.3    Anvret, M.4    Carey, N.5
  • 59
    • 85047698133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): phenotype-genotype correlation studies in intermediate alleles
    • Zühlke C, Dalski A, Hellenbroich Y, Bubel S, Schwinger E, Bürk K. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): phenotype-genotype correlation studies in intermediate alleles. Eur J Hum Genet 2002: 10: 204–209.
    • (2002) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.10 , pp. 204-209
    • Zühlke, C.1    Dalski, A.2    Hellenbroich, Y.3    Bubel, S.4    Schwinger, E.5    Bürk, K.6
  • 60
    • 36349021396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are interrupted SCA2 CAG repeat expansions responsible for parkinsonism?
    • Charles P, Camuzat A, Benammar N et al. Are interrupted SCA2 CAG repeat expansions responsible for parkinsonism? Neurology 2007: 69: 1970–1975.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1970-1975
    • Charles, P.1    Camuzat, A.2    Benammar, N.3
  • 61
    • 29244440698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interruptions in the expanded ATTCT repeat of spinocerebellar ataxia type 10: repeat purity as a disease modifier?
    • Matsuura T, Fang P, Pearson CE et al. Interruptions in the expanded ATTCT repeat of spinocerebellar ataxia type 10: repeat purity as a disease modifier? Am J Hum Genet 2006: 78: 125–129.
    • (2006) Am J Hum Genet , vol.78 , pp. 125-129
    • Matsuura, T.1    Fang, P.2    Pearson, C.E.3
  • 62
    • 0035526281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variation in GAA repeat expansions may cause differential phenotype display in Friedreich's ataxia
    • McDaniel DO, Keats B, Vedanarayanan VV, Subramony SH. Sequence variation in GAA repeat expansions may cause differential phenotype display in Friedreich's ataxia. Mov Disord 2001: 16: 1153–1158.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 1153-1158
    • McDaniel, D.O.1    Keats, B.2    Vedanarayanan, V.V.3    Subramony, S.H.4
  • 63
    • 52649108730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel, complex interruptions of the GAA repeat in small, expanded alleles of two affected siblings with late-onset Friedreich ataxia
    • Stolle CA, Frackelton EC, McCallum J et al. Novel, complex interruptions of the GAA repeat in small, expanded alleles of two affected siblings with late-onset Friedreich ataxia. Mov Disord 2008: 23: 1303–1306.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1303-1306
    • Stolle, C.A.1    Frackelton, E.C.2    McCallum, J.3
  • 64
    • 79957603665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A complex phenotype of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, hoarseness, and hearing loss is linked to an autosomal dominant mutation in MYH14
    • Choi B-O, Kang SH, Hyun YS et al. A complex phenotype of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, hoarseness, and hearing loss is linked to an autosomal dominant mutation in MYH14. Hum Mutat 2011: 32: 669–677.
    • (2011) Hum Mutat , vol.32 , pp. 669-677
    • Choi, B.-O.1    Kang, S.H.2    Hyun, Y.S.3
  • 65
    • 58549087338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1): a longitudinal follow-up study
    • Modoni A, Silvestri G, Vita MG, Quaranta D, Tonali PA, Marra C. Cognitive impairment in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1): a longitudinal follow-up study. J Neurol 2008: 255: 1737–1742.
    • (2008) J Neurol , vol.255 , pp. 1737-1742
    • Modoni, A.1    Silvestri, G.2    Vita, M.G.3    Quaranta, D.4    Tonali, P.A.5    Marra, C.6
  • 66
    • 0027716510 scopus 로고
    • Somatic instability of CTG repeat in myotonic dystrophy
    • Ashizawa T, Dubel JR, Harati Y. Somatic instability of CTG repeat in myotonic dystrophy. Neurology 1993: 43: 2674–2678.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 2674-2678
    • Ashizawa, T.1    Dubel, J.R.2    Harati, Y.3
  • 67
    • 0027957470 scopus 로고
    • Myotonic dystrophy patients have larger CTG expansions in skeletal muscle than in leukocytes
    • Thornton CA, Johnson K, Moxley RT. Myotonic dystrophy patients have larger CTG expansions in skeletal muscle than in leukocytes. Ann Neurol 1994: 35: 104–107.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 104-107
    • Thornton, C.A.1    Johnson, K.2    Moxley, R.T.3
  • 68
    • 77956345129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue- and age-specific DNA replication patterns at the CTG/CAG-expanded human myotonic dystrophy type 1 locus
    • Cleary JD, Tomé S, López Castel A et al. Tissue- and age-specific DNA replication patterns at the CTG/CAG-expanded human myotonic dystrophy type 1 locus. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2010: 17: 1079–1087.
    • (2010) Nat Struct Mol Biol , vol.17 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Cleary, J.D.1    Tomé, S.2    López Castel, A.3
  • 69
    • 33747517559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Italian guidelines for molecular analysis in myotonic dystrophies
    • Botta A, Bonifazi E, Vallo L et al. Italian guidelines for molecular analysis in myotonic dystrophies. Acta Myol 2006: 25: 23–33.
    • (2006) Acta Myol , vol.25 , pp. 23-33
    • Botta, A.1    Bonifazi, E.2    Vallo, L.3
  • 70
    • 79952127787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of unexpected sequence interruptions to conventional PCR and repeat primed PCR in myotonic dystrophy type 1 testing
    • Radvansky J, Ficek A, Minarik G, Palffy R, Kadasi L. Effect of unexpected sequence interruptions to conventional PCR and repeat primed PCR in myotonic dystrophy type 1 testing. Diagn Mol Pathol 2011: 20: 48–51.
    • (2011) Diagn Mol Pathol , vol.20 , pp. 48-51
    • Radvansky, J.1    Ficek, A.2    Minarik, G.3    Palffy, R.4    Kadasi, L.5
  • 71
    • 0030462492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general method for the detection of large CAG repeat expansions by fluorescent PCR
    • Warner JP, Barron LH, Goudie D et al. A general method for the detection of large CAG repeat expansions by fluorescent PCR. J Med Genet 1996: 33: 1022–1026.
    • (1996) J Med Genet , vol.33 , pp. 1022-1026
    • Warner, J.P.1    Barron, L.H.2    Goudie, D.3
  • 72
    • 84869457384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triplet-primed PCR is more sensitive than southern blotting-long PCR for the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type1
    • Addis M, Serrenti M, Meloni C, Cau M, Melis MA. Triplet-primed PCR is more sensitive than southern blotting-long PCR for the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type1. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012: 16: 1428–1431.
    • (2012) Genet Test Mol Biomarkers , vol.16 , pp. 1428-1431
    • Addis, M.1    Serrenti, M.2    Meloni, C.3    Cau, M.4    Melis, M.A.5
  • 73
    • 84901005388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of large expansions in myotonic dystrophy type 1 using triplet primed PCR
    • Singh S, Zhang A, Dlouhy S, Bai S. Detection of large expansions in myotonic dystrophy type 1 using triplet primed PCR. Front Genet 2014: 5: 94.
    • (2014) Front Genet , vol.5 , pp. 94
    • Singh, S.1    Zhang, A.2    Dlouhy, S.3    Bai, S.4
  • 74
    • 84876536075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics and genetic testing in myotonic dystrophy type 1
    • Savić Pavićević D, Miladinović J, Brkušanin M et al. Molecular genetics and genetic testing in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Biomed Res Int 2013: 2013: 391821.
    • (2013) Biomed Res Int , vol.2013 , pp. 391821
    • Savić Pavićević, D.1    Miladinović, J.2    Brkušanin, M.3
  • 75
    • 84957436423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sequence of sequencers: the history of sequencing DNA
    • Heather JM, Chain B. The sequence of sequencers: the history of sequencing DNA. Genomics 2016: 107: 1–8.
    • (2016) Genomics , vol.107 , pp. 1-8
    • Heather, J.M.1    Chain, B.2
  • 76
    • 84884822376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Next generation sequencing for molecular diagnosis of neurological disorders using ataxias as a model
    • Németh AH, Kwasniewska AC, Lise S et al. Next generation sequencing for molecular diagnosis of neurological disorders using ataxias as a model. Brain 2013: 136: 3106–3118.
    • (2013) Brain , vol.136 , pp. 3106-3118
    • Németh, A.H.1    Kwasniewska, A.C.2    Lise, S.3
  • 77
    • 84871392152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequencing the unsequenceable: expanded CGG-repeat alleles of the fragile X gene
    • Loomis EW, Eid JS, Peluso P et al. Sequencing the unsequenceable: expanded CGG-repeat alleles of the fragile X gene. Genome Res 2013: 23: 121–128.
    • (2013) Genome Res , vol.23 , pp. 121-128
    • Loomis, E.W.1    Eid, J.S.2    Peluso, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.