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1
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Saturated free fatty acids and apoptosis in microvascular mesangial cells: palmitate activates pro-apoptotic signaling involving caspase 9 and mitochondrial release of endonuclease G
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1 Mishra, R., Simonson, M.S., Saturated free fatty acids and apoptosis in microvascular mesangial cells: palmitate activates pro-apoptotic signaling involving caspase 9 and mitochondrial release of endonuclease G. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 4, 2005, 2.
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Lipid droplets and cellular lipid metabolism
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2 Walther, T.C., Farese, R.V. Jr., Lipid droplets and cellular lipid metabolism. Annu Rev Biochem 81 (2012), 687–714.
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Lipid droplets finally get a little R-E-S-P-E-C-T
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3 Farese, R.V. Jr., Walther, T.C., Lipid droplets finally get a little R-E-S-P-E-C-T. Cell 139 (2009), 855–860.
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Farese, R.V.1
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Lipid droplet biogenesis
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4 Wilfling, F., Haas, J.T., Walther, T.C., Farese, R.V. Jr., Lipid droplet biogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 29 (2014), 39–45.
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Wilfling, F.1
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Review: biogenesis of the multifunctional lipid droplet: lipids, proteins, and sites
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5 Pol, A., Gross, S.P., Parton, R.G., Review: biogenesis of the multifunctional lipid droplet: lipids, proteins, and sites. J Cell Biol 204 (2014), 635–646.
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Pol, A.1
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6
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A conserved family of proteins facilitates nascent lipid droplet budding from the ER
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De novo LD biogenesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but is not well understood. Electron microscopy imaging of the early stages of LD biogenesis revealed that LDs form lens-like structures that are in the ER membrane. The conserved family of proteins, fat storage-inducing transmembrane (FIT) proteins were found to be required for promoting the budding of nascent LDs from the ER.
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6• Choudhary, V., Ojha, N., Golden, A., Prinz, W.A., A conserved family of proteins facilitates nascent lipid droplet budding from the ER. J Cell Biol 211 (2015), 261–271 De novo LD biogenesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but is not well understood. Electron microscopy imaging of the early stages of LD biogenesis revealed that LDs form lens-like structures that are in the ER membrane. The conserved family of proteins, fat storage-inducing transmembrane (FIT) proteins were found to be required for promoting the budding of nascent LDs from the ER.
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J Cell Biol
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Choudhary, V.1
Ojha, N.2
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Direct binding of triglyceride to fat storage-inducing transmembrane proteins 1 and 2 is important for lipid droplet formation
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7 Gross, D.A., Zhan, C., Silver, D.L., Direct binding of triglyceride to fat storage-inducing transmembrane proteins 1 and 2 is important for lipid droplet formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 (2011), 19581–19586.
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Gross, D.A.1
Zhan, C.2
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8
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84995475723
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Mature lipid droplets are accessible to ER luminal proteins
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It was discovered that artificially targeting LD resident proteins to the luminal compartment of the ER still localise to LDs. This indicates that LDs may form a specialised domain in the ER membrane that is accessible from both the ER lumen and the cytosolic side.
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8• Mishra, S., Khaddaj, R., Cottier, S., Stradalova, V., Jacob, C., Schneiter, R., Mature lipid droplets are accessible to ER luminal proteins. J Cell Sci 129 (2016), 3803–3815 It was discovered that artificially targeting LD resident proteins to the luminal compartment of the ER still localise to LDs. This indicates that LDs may form a specialised domain in the ER membrane that is accessible from both the ER lumen and the cytosolic side.
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Mishra, S.1
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Cottier, S.3
Stradalova, V.4
Jacob, C.5
Schneiter, R.6
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9
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84978864670
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PML isoform II plays a critical role in nuclear lipid droplet formation
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LDs localised in the nuclei of hepatocyte-derived cell lines were found to be associated with premyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies and the nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR) or an extension of the inner nuclear membrane. A significant decrease in nuclear LDs was instigated by knockdown of PML isoform II, but only in cells that already possessed a moderate number of nuclear LDs. The nuclear LDs harbored diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α which have key roles in lipid and phospholipid synthesis.
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9•• Ohsaki, Y., Kawai, T., Yoshikawa, Y., Cheng, J., Jokitalo, E., Fujimoto, T., PML isoform II plays a critical role in nuclear lipid droplet formation. J Cell Biol 212 (2016), 29–38 LDs localised in the nuclei of hepatocyte-derived cell lines were found to be associated with premyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies and the nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR) or an extension of the inner nuclear membrane. A significant decrease in nuclear LDs was instigated by knockdown of PML isoform II, but only in cells that already possessed a moderate number of nuclear LDs. The nuclear LDs harbored diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α which have key roles in lipid and phospholipid synthesis.
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J Cell Biol
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Ohsaki, Y.1
Kawai, T.2
Yoshikawa, Y.3
Cheng, J.4
Jokitalo, E.5
Fujimoto, T.6
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10
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84865959001
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A metabolic prosurvival role for PML in breast cancer
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10 Carracedo, A., Weiss, D., Leliaert, A.K., Bhasin, M., de Boer, V.C., Laurent, G., Adams, A.C., Sundvall, M., Song, S.J., Ito, K., et al. A metabolic prosurvival role for PML in breast cancer. J Clin Invest 122 (2012), 3088–3100.
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Carracedo, A.1
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Adams, A.C.7
Sundvall, M.8
Song, S.J.9
Ito, K.10
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11
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84868632060
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A PML-PPAR-delta pathway for fatty acid oxidation regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance
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11 Ito, K., Carracedo, A., Weiss, D., Arai, F., Ala, U., Avigan, D.E., Schafer, Z.T., Evans, R.M., Suda, T., Lee, C.H., et al. A PML-PPAR-delta pathway for fatty acid oxidation regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Nat Med 18 (2012), 1350–1358.
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Ito, K.1
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Schafer, Z.T.7
Evans, R.M.8
Suda, T.9
Lee, C.H.10
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12
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84988807217
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Seipin is required for converting nascent to mature lipid droplets
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A discrete step of LD formation was identified involving the conversion of nascent LDs to mature LDs, and a molecular role for seipin in this process was defined, most likely by acting at ER-LD contact sites to enable lipid transfer to nascent LDs.
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12• Wang, H., Becuwe, M., Housden, B.E., Chitraju, C., Porras, A.J., Graham, M.M., Liu, X.N., Thiam, A.R., Savage, D.B., Agarwal, A.K., et al. Seipin is required for converting nascent to mature lipid droplets. Elife, 2016, 5 A discrete step of LD formation was identified involving the conversion of nascent LDs to mature LDs, and a molecular role for seipin in this process was defined, most likely by acting at ER-LD contact sites to enable lipid transfer to nascent LDs.
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Elife
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Wang, H.1
Becuwe, M.2
Housden, B.E.3
Chitraju, C.4
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Graham, M.M.6
Liu, X.N.7
Thiam, A.R.8
Savage, D.B.9
Agarwal, A.K.10
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13
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84922780683
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Seipin performs dissectible functions in promoting lipid droplet biogenesis and regulating droplet morphology
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13 Cartwright, B.R., Binns, D.D., Hilton, C.L., Han, S., Gao, Q., Goodman, J.M., Seipin performs dissectible functions in promoting lipid droplet biogenesis and regulating droplet morphology. Mol Biol Cell 26 (2015), 726–739.
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Cartwright, B.R.1
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Hilton, C.L.3
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Goodman, J.M.6
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14
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84970973731
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The seipin complex Fld1/Ldb16 stabilizes ER-lipid droplet contact sites
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14 Grippa, A., Buxo, L., Mora, G., Funaya, C., Idrissi, F.Z., Mancuso, F., Gomez, R., Muntanya, J., Sabido, J., Carvalho, P., The seipin complex Fld1/Ldb16 stabilizes ER-lipid droplet contact sites. J Cell Biol 211 (2015), 829–844.
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Grippa, A.1
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Mora, G.3
Funaya, C.4
Idrissi, F.Z.5
Mancuso, F.6
Gomez, R.7
Muntanya, J.8
Sabido, J.9
Carvalho, P.10
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15
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85006060196
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Seipin regulates ER-lipid droplet contacts and cargo delivery
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Seipin functions to connect newly formed LDs to the ER and by stabilizing ER-LD contacts it facilitates the incorporation of lipids and proteins into growing LDs.
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15• Salo, V.T., Belevich, I., Li, S., Karhinen, L., Vihinen, H., Vigouroux, C., Magre, J., Thiele, C., Holtta-Vuori, M., Jokitalo, E., et al. Seipin regulates ER-lipid droplet contacts and cargo delivery. EMBO J 35 (2016), 2699–2716 Seipin functions to connect newly formed LDs to the ER and by stabilizing ER-LD contacts it facilitates the incorporation of lipids and proteins into growing LDs.
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EMBO J
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Salo, V.T.1
Belevich, I.2
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Vigouroux, C.6
Magre, J.7
Thiele, C.8
Holtta-Vuori, M.9
Jokitalo, E.10
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16
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84885850160
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The human lipodystrophy protein seipin is an ER membrane adaptor for the adipogenic PA phosphatase lipin 1
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16 Sim, M.F., Dennis, R.J., Aubry, E.M., Ramanathan, N., Sembongi, H., Saudek, V., Ito, D., O'Rahilly, S., Siniossoglou, S., Rochford, J.J., The human lipodystrophy protein seipin is an ER membrane adaptor for the adipogenic PA phosphatase lipin 1. Mol Metab 2 (2012), 38–46.
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Sim, M.F.1
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O'Rahilly, S.8
Siniossoglou, S.9
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17
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84924061517
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Seipin oligomers can interact directly with AGPAT2 and lipin 1, physically scaffolding critical regulators of adipogenesis
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17 Talukder, M.M., Sim, M.F., O'Rahilly, S., Edwardson, J.M., Rochford, J.J., Seipin oligomers can interact directly with AGPAT2 and lipin 1, physically scaffolding critical regulators of adipogenesis. Mol Metab 4 (2015), 199–209.
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Talukder, M.M.1
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18
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84995610457
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SEIPIN regulates lipid droplet expansion and adipocyte development by modulating the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
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18 Pagac, M., Cooper, D.E., Qi, Y., Lukmantara, I.E., Mak, H.Y., Wu, Z., Tian, Y., Liu, Z., Lei, M., Du, X., et al. SEIPIN regulates lipid droplet expansion and adipocyte development by modulating the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. Cell Rep 17 (2016), 1546–1559.
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Pagac, M.1
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Wu, Z.6
Tian, Y.7
Liu, Z.8
Lei, M.9
Du, X.10
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19
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84957922839
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The brown adipocyte protein CIDEA promotes lipid droplet fusion via a phosphatidic acid-binding amphipathic helix
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An amphipathic helix was identified as essential for the role of CIDEA in the process of LD enlargement, which facilitates embedding in the LD phospholipid monolayer and binds phosphatidic acid (PA). Further, LD pairs are docked by CIDEA trans-complexes through contributions of the N-terminal domain and a C-terminal dimerization region. These complexes, enriched at the LD–LD contact site, interact with the cone-shaped phospholipid PA and likely increase phospholipid barrier permeability, promoting LD fusion by transfer of lipids.
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19•• Barneda, D., Planas-Iglesias, J., Gaspar, M.L., Mohammadyani, D., Prasannan, S., Dormann, D., Han, G.S., Jesch, S.A., Carman, G.M., Kagan, V., et al. The brown adipocyte protein CIDEA promotes lipid droplet fusion via a phosphatidic acid-binding amphipathic helix. Elife, 4, 2015, e07485 An amphipathic helix was identified as essential for the role of CIDEA in the process of LD enlargement, which facilitates embedding in the LD phospholipid monolayer and binds phosphatidic acid (PA). Further, LD pairs are docked by CIDEA trans-complexes through contributions of the N-terminal domain and a C-terminal dimerization region. These complexes, enriched at the LD–LD contact site, interact with the cone-shaped phospholipid PA and likely increase phospholipid barrier permeability, promoting LD fusion by transfer of lipids.
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Elife
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Barneda, D.1
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Dormann, D.6
Han, G.S.7
Jesch, S.A.8
Carman, G.M.9
Kagan, V.10
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20
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A role for phosphatidic acid in the formation of supersized lipid droplets
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20 Fei, W., Shui, G., Zhang, Y., Krahmer, N., Ferguson, C., Kapterian, T.S., Lin, R.C., Dawes, I.W., Brown, A.J., Li, P., et al. A role for phosphatidic acid in the formation of supersized lipid droplets. PLoS Genet, 7, 2011, e1002201.
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Fei, W.1
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21
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The biophysics and cell biology of lipid droplets
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21 Thiam, A.R., Farese, R.V. Jr., Walther, T.C., The biophysics and cell biology of lipid droplets. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14 (2013), 775–786.
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Thiam, A.R.1
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22
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CDP-diacylglycerol synthases regulate the growth of lipid droplets and adipocyte development
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The CDP-diacylglycerol (DAG) synthases CDS1 and CDS2 catalyze the formation of CDP-DAG from PA. Knockdown of CDS1 or CDS2 resulted in formation of supersized LDs coincident with elevated PA species. Notably, CDS1, but not CDS2, aears to be essential for adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. This work reveals an intimate link between the expansion of LDs and the differentiation of adipocytes, and indicates that PA may play an essential role in the regulation of these two seemingly disparate processes.
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22• Qi, Y., Kapterian, T.S., Du, X., Ma, Q., Fei, W., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., Dawes, I.W., Yang, H., CDP-diacylglycerol synthases regulate the growth of lipid droplets and adipocyte development. J Lipid Res 57 (2016), 767–780 The CDP-diacylglycerol (DAG) synthases CDS1 and CDS2 catalyze the formation of CDP-DAG from PA. Knockdown of CDS1 or CDS2 resulted in formation of supersized LDs coincident with elevated PA species. Notably, CDS1, but not CDS2, aears to be essential for adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. This work reveals an intimate link between the expansion of LDs and the differentiation of adipocytes, and indicates that PA may play an essential role in the regulation of these two seemingly disparate processes.
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J Lipid Res
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Qi, Y.1
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Yang, H.9
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23
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Lipin-1 gamma isoform is a novel lipid droplet-associated protein highly expressed in the brain
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23 Wang, H., Zhang, J., Qiu, W., Han, G.S., Carman, G.M., Adeli, K., Lipin-1 gamma isoform is a novel lipid droplet-associated protein highly expressed in the brain. FEBS Lett 585 (2011), 1979–1984.
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24
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Triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes mediate lipid droplet growth by relocalizing from the ER to lipid droplets
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24 Wilfling, F., Wang, H., Haas, J.T., Krahmer, N., Gould, T.J., Uchida, A., Cheng, J.X., Graham, M., Christiano, R., Frohlich, F., et al. Triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes mediate lipid droplet growth by relocalizing from the ER to lipid droplets. Dev Cell 24 (2013), 384–399.
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25
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Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes lipid droplet biogenesis in ER microdomains
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25 Kassan, A., Herms, A., Fernandez-Vidal, A., Bosch, M., Schieber, N.L., Reddy, B.J., Fajardo, A., Gelabert-Baldrich, M., Tebar, F., Enrich, C., et al. Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes lipid droplet biogenesis in ER microdomains. J Cell Biol 203 (2013), 985–1001.
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Kassan, A.1
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26
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26 Jacquier, N., Choudhary, V., Mari, M., Toulmay, A., Reggiori, F., Schneiter, R., Lipid droplets are functionally connected to the endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Sci 124 (2011), 2424–2437.
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27
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84980351850
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Spatial control of lipid droplet proteins by the ERAD ubiquitin ligase Doa10
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The ERAD ubiquitin ligase Doa10 was demonstrated to control the levels of some LD proteins and restrict their location to LDs by their selective degradation in the ER pool. The overlap in signals for LD targeting and Doa10-mediated degradation indicate that these are competing events.
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27• Ruggiano, A., Mora, G., Buxo, L., Carvalho, P., Spatial control of lipid droplet proteins by the ERAD ubiquitin ligase Doa10. EMBO J 35 (2016), 1644–1655 The ERAD ubiquitin ligase Doa10 was demonstrated to control the levels of some LD proteins and restrict their location to LDs by their selective degradation in the ER pool. The overlap in signals for LD targeting and Doa10-mediated degradation indicate that these are competing events.
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Ruggiano, A.1
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28
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COPI buds 60-nm lipid droplets from reconstituted water-phospholipid-triacylglyceride interfaces, suggesting a tension clamp function
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28 Thiam, A.R., Antonny, B., Wang, J., Delacotte, J., Wilfling, F., Walther, T.C., Beck, R., Rothman, J.E., Pincet, F., COPI buds 60-nm lipid droplets from reconstituted water-phospholipid-triacylglyceride interfaces, suggesting a tension clamp function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110 (2013), 13244–13249.
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Thiam, A.R.1
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29
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Arf1/COPI machinery acts directly on lipid droplets and enables their connection to the ER for protein targeting
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29 Wilfling, F., Thiam, A.R., Olarte, M.J., Wang, J., Beck, R., Gould, T.J., Allgeyer, E.S., Pincet, F., Bewersdorf, J., Farese, R.V. Jr., et al. Arf1/COPI machinery acts directly on lipid droplets and enables their connection to the ER for protein targeting. Elife, 3, 2014, e01607.
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Wilfling, F.1
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30
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30 Robenek, H., Hofnagel, O., Buers, I., Robenek, M.J., Troyer, D., Severs, N.J., Adipophilin-enriched domains in the ER membrane are sites of lipid droplet biogenesis. J Cell Sci 119 (2006), 4215–4224.
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31 Murphy, S., Martin, S., Parton, R.G., Quantitative analysis of lipid droplet fusion: inefficient steady state fusion but rapid stimulation by chemical fusogens. PLoS One, 5, 2010, e15030.
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