Management of abiotic stresses in grain legumes through manipulation of genes for compatible solutes

Handbook of New Technologies for Genetic Improvement of Legumes

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 577-604

  Sharmila, P ^a   Anwar, Firoz ^a   Sharma, K R ^b   Pardha Saradhi, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELHI   (India)

^b INTERNATIONAL CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE SEMI ARID TROPICS ICRISAT   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MAMMALS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; NITROGEN FIXATION; NUTRITION; PROTEINS;

ANIMAL CONSUMPTION; BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATIONS; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; COMPATIBLE SOLUTES; DIETARY COMPONENTS; HUMAN CONSUMPTION; SOIL ORGANIC CONTENT; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE;

GRAIN (AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT);

EID: 85013100352     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (124)

1. Abebe, T., A.C. Guenzi, B. Martin, and J.C. Cushman (2003). Tolerance of mannitol-accumulating transgenic wheat to water stress and salinity. Plant Physiology 131:1748-1755.
2. Alia, H. Hayashi, T.H.H. Chen, and N. Murata (1998). Transformation with gene for choline oxidase enhances the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis during germination and early growth. Plant Cell and Environment 21:232-239.
3. Alia, H. Hayashi, A. Sakamoto, and N. Murata (1998). Enhancement of the tolerance of Arabidopsis to high temperatures by genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycine betaine. Plant Journal 16:155-161.
4. Alia, and P. Pardha Saradhi (1991). Proline accumulation under heavy metal stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 138:554-558.
5. Alia, and P. Pardha Saradhi (1993). Suppression in mitochondrial electron transport is the prime cause behind stress induced proline accumulation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 193:54-58.
6. Alia, P. Pardha Saradhi, and P. Mohanty (1991). Proline enhances primary photochemical activities in isolated thylakoid membranes of Brassica juncea by arresting photo inhibitory damage. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181:1238-1244.
7. Alia, P. Pardha Saradhi, and P. Mohanty. (1993). Proline in relation to free radical production in seedlings of Brassica juncea raised under sodium chloride stress. Plant and Soil 156:497-500.
8. Alia, P. Pardha Saradhi, and P. Mohanty (1997). Involvement of proline in protecting thylakoid membranes against free radical-induced photo damage. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 38:253-257.
9. Alia, K.V.S.K. Prasad, and P. Pardha Saradhi (1995). Effect of zinc on free radicals and proline in Brassica juncea and Cajanus cajan. Phytochemistry 39:45-47.
10. Allard, F., M. Houde, M. Krol, A. Ivanov, N.P.A. Hunter, and F. Sarhan (1998). Betaine improves freezing tolerance in wheat. Plant and Cell Physiology 39: 1194-1202.
11. Anoop, N. and A.K. Gupta (2003). Transgenic indica rice cv IR-50 overexpressing Vigna aconitifolia, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase cDNA shows tolerance to high salt. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 12:109-116.
12. Arora, S. and P. Pardha Saradhi (1995). Light induced enhancement in proline levels in Vigna radiata exposed to environmental stresses. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22:383-386.
13. Arora, S. and P. Pardha Saradhi (2002). Light induced enhancement in proline levels under stress is regulated by non-photosynthetic events. Biologia Plantarum 45:629-632.
14. Bhattacharya, R.C., M. Maheshwari, V. Dineshkumar, P.B. Kirti, S.R. Bhat, and V.L. Chopra (2004). Transformation of Brassica oleracea cv. capitata with bacterial betA gene enhances tolerance to salt stress. Scientific Horticulture 100: 215-227.
15. Capell, T., L. Bassie, and P. Christou (2004). Modulation of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in transgenic rice confers tolerance to drought stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:9909-9914.
16. Capell, T. and P. Christou (2004). Progress in plant metabolic engineering. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 15:148-154.
17. Capell, T., C. Escobar, H. Liu, D. Burtin, O. Lepri, and P. Christou (1998). Overexpression of the oat arginine decarboxylase cDNA in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) affects normal development patterns in vitro and results in putrescine accumulation in transgenic plants. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97:246-254.
18. Chiang, Y.J., C. Stushnoff, A.E. McSay, M.L. Jones, and H.J. Bohnert (2005). Overexpression of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase increases mannitol accumulation and adds protection against chilling injury in Petunia. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130:605-610.
19. Chinnusamy, V., A. Jagendorf, and J. K. Zhu (2005). Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Science 45:437-448.
20. Croser, J.S., H.J. Clarke, K.H.M. Siddique, and T.N. Khan (2003). Low-temperature stress: Implications for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) improvement. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 22:185-219.
21. Dawson, R.W.C., D.C. Elliot, W.H. Elliot, and K.M. Jones (1969). Data for biochemical research. 2nd ed. Oxford:Clarendon Press, p. 12.
22. de Ronde, J.A., W.A. Cress, G.H.J. Kruger, R.J. Strasser, and J. Van Staden (2004). Photosynthetic response of transgenic soybean plants, containing an Arabidopsis P5CR gene, during heat and drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 161:1211-1224.
23. de Ronde, J.A., W.A. Cress, and J. van Staden (2001). Interaction of osmotic and temperature stress on transgenic soybean. South African Journal of Botany 67:655-660.
24. Ebskamp, M.J., I.M. van der Meer, B.A. Spronk, P.J. Weisbeek, and S.C. Smeekens (1994). Accumulation of fructose polymers in transgenic tobacco. Nature Biotechnology 12:272-275.
25. Economic survey, 2004-05 (2005). Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India.
26. Eung-Jun, P., J. Zoran, A. Sakamoto, J. DeNoma, Y. Raweewan, N. Murata, and T.H.H. Chen (2004). Genetic engineering of glycine betaine synthesis in tomato protects seeds, plants, and flowers from chilling damage. Plant Journal 40:474-487.
27. Flowers, T.J. (2004). Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany 55:307-319.
28. Fukushima, E., Y. Arata, T. Endo, U. Sonnewald, and F. Sato (2001). Improved salt tolerance of transgenic rice expressing apoplastic yeast derived inverstase. Plant Cell Physiology 42: 245-249.
29. Gao, M., A. Sakamoto, K. Miura, N. Murata, A. Sugiura, and R. Tao (2000). Transformation of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) with a bacterial gene for choline oxidase. Molecular Breeding 6:501-510.
30. Gao, M., R. Tao, K. Miura, A.M. Dandekar, and A. Sugiura (2001). Transformation of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) with apple cDNA encoding NADP-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Plant Science 160:837-845.
31. Garg, A.K., J.K. Kim, T.G. Owens, A.P. Ranwala, Y.D. Choi, L.V. Kochian, and R.J. Wu (2002). Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:15898-15903.
32. Gleeson, D., L. Walter, M. Anne, and P. Michael (2005). Overproduction of proline in transgenic hybrid larch [Larix × leptoeuropaea (Dengler)] cultures renders them tolerant to cold, salt and frost. Molecular Breeding 9:21-29.
33. Guo, B.H., Y.M. Zhang, H.J. Li, L.Q. Du, Y.X. Li, J.S. Zhang, S.Y. Chen, and Z.Q. Zhu (2000). Transformation of wheat with a gene encoding for the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). Acta Botanica Sinica 42:279-283.
34. Guo, Y., L. Zhang, G. Xiao, S.Y. Cao, D.M. Gu, W.Z. Tian, and S.Y. Chen (1997). Expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and salinity tolerance in rice transgenic plants. Science China 40:496-501.
35. Hamilton, E.W. III and S.A. Heckathron (2001). Mitochondrial adaptations to NaCl. Complex I is protected by anti-oxidants and small heat shock proteins, whereas complex II is protected by proline and betaine. Plant Physiology 126:1266-1274.
36. Hanson, A.D., B. Rathinasabapathi, J. Revoal, M. Burnet, M.O. Dillon, and D.A. Gage (1994). Osmoprotective compounds in Plumbaginaceae: A natural experiment in metabolic engineering of stress tolerance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 91:306-310.
37. Hayashi, H., Alia, L. Mustardy, P. Deshnium, M. Ida, and N. Murata (1997). Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with the codA gene for choline oxidase; accumulation of glycine betaine and enhanced tolerance to salt and cold stress. Plant Journal 12:133-142.
38. 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase increases proline production and confers salt tolerance in transgenic potato plants. Plant Science 169:746-752.
39. Holmström, K.O., E. Mäntylä, B. Welin, A. Mandal, E.T. Palva, O.E. Tunnela, and J. Londesborough (1996). Drought tolerance in tobacco. Nature 379:683-684.
40. Holmstrom, K.O., S. Somersalo, A. Mandal, T.E. Palva, and B. Welin (2000). Improved tolerance to salinity and low temperature in transgenic tobacco producing glycine betaine. Journal of Experimental Botany 51:177-185.
41. Holmstrom, K.O., B. Weilin, A. Mandal, I. Kristiansdottir, T.H. Teeri, T. Lamark, A.R. Strom, and E.T. Palva (1994). Production of the Escherichia coli betainealdehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of osmoprotectant glycinebetaine in transgenic plants. Plant Journal 6:749-758.
42. 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase results in increased proline accumulation and protection of plants from osmotic stress. Plant Physiology 122:1129-1136.
43. Houry, W.A., D. Frishman, C. Eckerskorn, F. Lottspeicch, and F. Hartl (1999). Identification of in vivo substrates of the chaperonin GroEL. Nature 402:147-154.
44. Huang, J., R. Hirji, L. Adam, K.L. Rozwadowski, J.K. Hammerlindi, W.A. Keller, and G. Selvaraj (2000). Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine production toward enhancing stress tolerance in plants: Metabolic limitations. Plant Physiology 122:747-756.
45. Hur, J., J.K. Hong, C.H. Lee, and G. An (2004). Stress-inducible OsP5CS2 gene is essential for salt and cold tolerance in rice. Plant Science 167:417-426.
46. Ishitani, M, T. Nakamura, S.Y. Han, and T. Takebe (1995) Expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in barley in response to osmotic stress and abscisic acid. Plant Molecular Biology 27:307-315.
47. Jang, I.C., S.J. Oh, J.S. Seo, W.B. Choi, I.K.S. Sang, C.H. Kim, Y.S. Kim, H.S. Seo, Y.D. Choi, B.H. Nahm, et al. (2003). Expression of a bifunctional fusion of the Escherichia coli genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phos-phate phosphatase in transgenic rice plants increases trehalose accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance without stunting growth. Plant Physiology 131:516-524.
48. Jia, G.-X, Z.-Q. Zhu, F.-Q. Chang, and Y.-X. Li (2002). Transformation of tomato with the BADH gene from Atriplex improves salt tolerance. Plant Cell Reports 21:141-146.
49. Kadpal, R.P. and N.A. Rao (1985). Alterations in the biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in finger millet (Eleucine coracana) seedlings during water stress and the effect of proline on protein biosynthesis. Plant Science 40:73-79.
50. Karakas, B., P. Ozias Akins, C. Stushnoff, M. Suefferheld, and M. Rieger (1997). Salinity and drought tolerance of mannitol accumulating transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell and Environment 20:609-616.
51. Kishitani, S., T. Takanami, M. Suzuki, M. Oikawa, S. Yokoi, M. Ishitani, A.M. Alvarez-Nakase, T. Takabe, and T. Takabe (2000). Compatibility of glycinebetaine in rice plants: Evaluation using transgenic rice plants with a gene for peroxisomal betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from barley. Plant Cell and Environment 23:107-114.
52. Kishor, P.B., Z.L. Hong, G.H. Miao, C.A.A. Hu, and D.P.S. Verma (1995). Overexpression of delta-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Plant Physiology 108: 1387-1394.
53. Kocsy, G., R. Laurie, G. Szalai, V. Szilágyi, L. Simon-Sarkadi, G. Galiba, and J.A. de Ronde (2005). Genetic manipulation of proline levels affects antioxidants in soybean subjected to simultaneous drought and heat stresses. Physiologia Plantarum 124:227-235.
54. Kumar, S., A. Dhingra, and H. Daniell (2004). Plastid-expressed betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in carrot cultured cells, roots and leaves confers enhanced salt tolerance. Plant Physiology 136:2843-2854.
55. Lackey, K.H., P.M. Pope, and M.D. Johnson (2003). Expression of 1Lmyoinositol-1-phosphate synthase in organelles. Plant Physiology 132:2240-2247.
56. Lepri, O., L. Bassie, G. Safwat, P. Thu-Hang, P. Trung-Nghia, E. Hölttä, P. Christou, and T. Capell (2001). Over-expression of the human ornithine decarboxylase cDNA in transgenic rice plants alters the polyamine pool in a tissuespecific manner. Molecular General Genetics 266:303-312.
57. Li, X.P., A.G. Tian, G.Z. Luo, Z.Z. Gong, J.S. Zhang, and S.Y. Chen (2005). Soybean DRE-binding transcription factors that is responsive to abiotic stresses. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 110:1355-1362.
58. Li, Y.X., F.Q. Chang, L.Q. Du, B.H. Guo, H.J. Li, J.S. Zhang, S.Y. Chen, and Z.Q. Zhu (2000). Genetic transformation of watercress with a gene encoding for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). Acta Botanica Sinica 42:480-484.
59. Lie, H.J., K. Lakkineni, Z.M. Zhang, D.P.S. Verma, Z.L. Hong, and Z.M. Zhang (2000). Removal of feedback inhibition of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase results in increased proline accumulation and protection of plants from osmotic stress. Plant Physiology 122:1129-1136.
60. Lilius, G., N. Holmberg, and L. Bülow (1996). Enhanced NaCl stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco expressing bacterial choline dehydrogenase. Nature Bio/Technology 14:177-180.
61. Mahajan, S. and N. Tuteja (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 444:139-158.
62. Majee, M., S. Maitra, K.G. Dastidar, S. Pattnaik, A. Chatterjee, N.C. Hait, K.P. Das, and A.L. Majumder (2004). A novel salt-tolerant L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase from Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka, a halophytic wild rice. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279:28539-28552.
63. Malabika, R. and R. Wu (2002). Overexpression of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase gene in rice increases polyamine level and enhances sodium chloridestress tolerance. Plant Science 163:987-992.
64. Mehta, R.A., T. Cassol, N. Li, N. Ali, A.K. Handa, and A.K. Mattoo (2002). Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life. Nature Bio/Technology 20:613-618.
65. Mohanty, A., H. Kathuria, A. Ferjani, A. Sakamoto, P. Mohanty, N. Murata, and A.K. Tyagi (2002). Transgenics of an elite indica rice variety Pusa Basmati 1 harboring the codA gene are highly tolerant to salt stress. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106:51-57.
66. Molinari, H.B.C., C.J. Marur, J.C.B. Hilho, A.K. Kobayashi, R. Meeley, M. Muszynski, and J. Habben (2004). Osmotic adjustment in transgenic citrus rootstock Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis Osb. × Poncirus trifoliate L. Raf.) overproducing proline. Plant Science 167:1375-1381.
67. Nakamura, T., S. Yokota, Y. Muramoto, K. Tsutsui, Y. Oguri, K. Fukui, and T. Takabe (1997). Expression of a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in rice, a glycinebetaine nonaccumulator, and possible localization of its protein in peroxisomes. Plant Journal 11:1115-1120.
68. Nanjo, T., M. Kobayashi, Y. Yoshiba, Y. Kakubari, K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, and K. Shinozaki (1999). Antisense suppression of proline degradation improves tolerance to freezing and salinity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Letters 461:205-210.
69. Nuccio, M.L., B.L. Russell, K.D. Nolte, B. Rathinasabapthi, D.A. Gage, and A.D. Hanson (1998). The endogenous choline supply limits glycine betaine synthesis in transgenic tobacco expressing choline monooxygenase. Plant Journal 16: 487-496.
70. Papageorgiou, G.C. and N. Murata (1995). The unusually strong stabilizing effects of glycine betaine on the structure and function in the oxygen-evolving photosystem-II complex. Photosynthetic Research 44:243-252.
71. Pardha Saradhi, P., Alia, and B. Vani (1993). Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport is the prime cause behind proline accumulation during mineral deficiency in Oryza sativa. Plant and Soil 155/156:465-468.
72. +/ NADH ratio regulates salt stress induced proline accumulation in Vigna radiata. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India 66:89-100.
73. Pardha Saradhi, P. and P. Sharmila (2003). Improvement of crop plants for abiotic stress tolerance through introduction of glycinebetaine pathway. In Plant genetic engineering, R.P. Singh and P.K. Jaiwal (eds.). Houston, USA: SCI Tech Publishing, pp. 147-177.
74. Pardha Saradhi, P., I. Suzuki, A. Katoh, A. Sakamoto, P. Sharmila, D.J. Shi, and N. Murata (2000). Protection against the photo-induced inactivation of the photosystem II complex by abscisic acid. Plant Cell and Environment 23:711-718.
75. Park, E.J., Z. Jekni, A. Sakamoto, J. DeNoma, R. Yuwansiri, N. Murata, and T.H.H. Chen (2004). Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in tomato protects seeds, plants, and flowers from chilling damage. Plant Journal 40:474-487.
76. Parvanova, D., A. Popova, I. Zaharieva, P. Lambrev, Konstantinova, S. Taneva, A. Atanassov, V. Goltsev, and D. Djilianov (2004). Low temperature tolerance of tobacco plants transformed to accumulate proline, fructans, or glycine betaine. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence evidence. Photosynthetica 42:179-185.
77. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., M.J.M. Ebstamp, M.J. Paul, and M.J.W. Jeuken (1995). Improved performance of transgenic fructan-accumulating tobacco under drought stress. Plant Physiology 107:125-130.
78. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., N. Terry, T. Sears, and K. van Dun (1999). Enhanced drought resistance in fructan-producing sugar beet. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 37:313-317.
79. Prasad, K.V.S.K. and P. Pardha Saradhi (2004). Enhanced tolerance to photoinhibition in transgenic plants through targeting of glycine betaine biosynthesis into the chloroplasts. Plant Science 166:1197-1212.
80. Prasad, K.V.S.K., P. Sharmila, P.A. Kumar, and P. Pardha Saradhi (2000). Transformation of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern with bacterial codA gene enhances its tolerance to salt stress. Molecular Breeding 6:489-499.
81. Prasad, K.V.S.K., P. Sharmila, and P. Pardha Saradhi (2000). Enhanced tolerance of transgenic Brassica juncea to choline confirms successful expression of the bacterial codA gene. Plant Science 159:233-242.
82. Quan, R., M. Shang, H. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and J. Zhang (2004). Improved chilling tolerance by transformation with betA gene for the enhancement of glycine betaine synthesis in maize. Plant Science 166:141-149.
83. Rajam, M.V., S. Dagar, B. Waie, J.S. Yadav, P.A. Kumar, F. Shoeb, and R. Kumria (1998). Genetic engineering of polyamine and carbohydrate metabolism for osmotic stress tolerance in higher plants. Journal of Biosciences 23:473-482.
84. Rajendrakumar, C.S.V., T. Suryanarayana, and A.R. Reddy (1997). DNA helix destabilization by proline and betaine: Possible role in the salinity tolerance process. FEBS Letters 410:201-205.
85. Rathinasabapathi, B., K.F. McCue, D.A. Gage, and A.D. Hanson (1994). Metabolic engineering of glycine betaine synthesis: Plant betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase lacking transit peptide are targeted to tobacco chloroplast where they confer betaine aldehyde resistance. Planta 193:155-162.
86. Roosens, N.H., F.A. Bitar, K. Loenders, G. Angenon, and M. Jacobs (2004). Overexpression of ornthine-d-aminotransferase increases proline biosynthesis and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Molecular Breeding 9:73-80.
87. Roy, M. and R. Wu (2001). Arginine decarboxylase transgene expression and analysis of environmental stress tolerance in transgenic rice. Plant Science 160:869-875.
88. Roy, M. and R. Wu (2002). Overexpression of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase gene in rice increases polyamine level and enhances sodium chloride-stress tolerance. Plant Science 163:987-992.
89. Sakamoto, A., Alia, and N. Murata (1998). Metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycinebetaine and tolerance to salt and cold. Plant Molecular Biology 38:1011-1019.
90. Sakamoto, A., R. Valverde, Alia, T.H.H. Chen, and N. Murata (2000). Transformation of Arabidopsis with the codA gene for choline oxidase enhances freezing tolerance of plants. Plant Journal 22:449-453.
91. Sawahel, W. (2003). Improved performance of transgenic glycinebetaine-accumulating rice plants under drought stress. Biologia Plantarum 47:39-44.
92. Sawahel, W.A. and A.H. Hassan (2002). Generation of transgenic wheat plants producing high levels of the osmoprotectant proline. Biotechnology Letters 24:721-725.
93. Sharmila, P. and P. Pardha Saradhi (2002). Proline accumulation in heavy metal stressed plants. An adaptive strategy. In Physiology and biochemistry of metal toxicity and tolerance in plants, M.N.V. Prasad and K. Strzalka (eds.). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 179-199.
94. Shen, B., R.G. Jensen, and H.J. Bohnert (1997a). Increased resistance to oxidative stress in transgenic plants by targeting mannitol biosynthesis to chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 113:1177-1183.
95. Shen, B., R.G. Jensen, and H.J. Bohnert (1997b). Mannitol protects against oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Plant Physiology 115:527-532.
96. Shen, Y.G., B.X. Du, W.K. Zhang, J.S. Zhang, and S.Y. Chen (2002). AhCMO, regulated by stresses in Atriplex hortensis, can improve drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105:815-821.
97. Sheveleva, E., W. Chmara, H.J. Bohnert, and R.G. Jensen (1997). Increased salt and drought tolerance by D-ononitol production in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Physiology 115:1211-1219.
98. Shinozaki, K, K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, and M. Seki (2003). Regulatory network of gene expression in drought and cold stress response. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6:410-417.
99. Singla, R. and N. Garg (2005). Influencing of salinity on growth and yield attributes in chickpea cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry 29:231-235.
100. Sivakumar, P., P. Sharmila, and P. Pardha Saradhi (1998). Proline suppresses rubisco activity in higher plants. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 252:428-432.
101. Sivakumar, P., P. Sharmila, and P. Pardha Saradhi (2000). Proline alleviates salt stress induced enhancement in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase activity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 279:512-515.
102. Sivakumar, P., P. Sharmila, and P. Pardha Saradhi (2001). Proline suppresses rubisco activity by dissociating small subunits from holoenzyme. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 282:236-241.
103. Sivakumar, P., P. Sharmila, and P. Pardha Saradhi (2002). Sugars have potential to curtail oxygenase activity of rubisco. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 298:247-250.
104. Sivakumar, P., S. Yadav, and P. Pardha Saradhi (2001). Rubisco folding—A model system for the functional investigation of molecular chaperones. In Biophysical processes in living systems, P. Pardha Saradhi (ed.). Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, pp. 91-116.
105. Sivamani, E., L. Bassie, P. Christou, and T. Capell (2001). Development of a novel gene transfer system for Cajanus cajan and expression of monocot arginine decarboxylase cDNA in transformed cell lines. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 39:575-582.
106. Strand, Å., C.H. Foyer, P. Gustafsson, P. Gardeström, and V. Hurry (2003). Altering flux through the sucrose biosynthesis pathway in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana modifies photosynthetic acclimation at low temperatures and the development of freezing tolerance. Plant Cell and Environment 26:523-535.
107. Su, J. and R. Wu (2004). Stress-inducible synthesis of proline in transgenic rice confers faster growth under stress conditions than that with constitutive synthesis. Plant Science 166:941-948.
108. Sulpice, R., H. Tsukaya, H. Nonaka, L. Mustardy, T.H.H. Chen, and N. Murata (2003). Enhanced formation of flowers in salt-stressed Arabidopsis after genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycine betaine. Plant Journal 36:165-176.
109. Tarczynski, M.C., R.G. Jensen, and H.J. Bohnert (1992). Expression of a bacterial mtlD gene in transgenic tobacco leads to production and accumulation of mannitol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89:2600-2604.
110. Tarczynski, M.C., R.G. Jensen, and H.J. Bohnert (1993). Stress protection of transgenic tobacco by production of the osmolyte mannitol. Science 259:508-510.
111. Thomas, J.C., M. Sepahi, B. Arendall, and H.J. Bohnert (1995). Enhancement of seed germination in high salinity by engineering mannitol expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell and Environment 18:801-806.
112. Thu-Hang, P., L. Bassie, G. Safwat, P. Trung-Nghia, P. Christou, and T. Capell (2002). Expression of a heterologous S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase cDNA in plants demonstrates that changes in S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity determine levels of the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine. Plant Physiology 129:1744-1754.
113. Trung-Nghia, P., L. Bassie, G. Safwat, P. Thu-Hang, O. Lepri, P. Rocha, P. Christou, and T. Capell (2003). Reduction in the endogenous arginine decarboxylase transcript levels in rice leads to depletion of the putrescine and spermidine pools with no concommitant changes in the expression of downstream genes in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Planta 218:125-134.
114. Venekamp, J.H. (1989). Regulation of cytosolic acidity in plants under conditions of drought. Physiologia Plantarum 76:112-117.
115. Waditee, R., M.N.H. Bhuiyan, V. Rai, K. Aoki, Y. Tanaka, T. Hibino, S. Suzuki, J. Takano, A.T. Jagendorf, and T. Takabe (2005). Genes for direct methylation of glycine provide high levels of glycine betaine and abiotic-stress tolerance in Synechococcus and Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102:1318-1323.
116. Waditee, R., Y. Tanaka, K. Aoki, T. Hibino, H. Jikuya, J. Takano, and T. Takabe (2003). Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyl transferases that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278:4932-4942.
117. Waie, B. and M.V. Rajam (2003). Effect of increased polyamine biosynthesis on stress responses in transgenic tobacco by introduction of human S-adenosyl methionine gene. Plant Science 164:727-734.
118. Wanek, W. and A. Richter (1997). Biosynthesis and accumulation of d-ononitol in Vigna umbellata in response to drought stress. Physiologia Plantarum 101:416-424.
119. Wu, L.-Q, Z.-H. Fan, L. Guo, Y.-Q. Li, W.-J. Zhang, L.-J. Qi, and Z.-E. Chen (2005). Overexpression of δ-OAT gene enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic rice. Chinese Science Bulletin 48:2050-2056.
120. Yamada, M., H. Morishita, K. Urano, N. Shiozaki, K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. Shinozaki, and Y. Yoshiba (2005). Effects of free proline accumulation in petunias under drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 56:1975-1981.
121. Yang, X., Z. Liang, and C. Lu (2005). Genetic engineering of the biosynthesis of glycine betaine enhances photosynthesis against high temperature stress in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Physiology 138:2299-2309.
122. Yeo, E.T., H.B. Kwon, S.E. Han, J.T. Lee, J.C. Ryu, and M.O. Byun (2000). Genetic engineering of drought-resistant potato plants by introduction of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular Cell 10:263-268.
123. Zhao, H.W., Y.J. Chen, Y.L. Hu, Y. Gao, and Z.P. Lin (2000). Construction of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene driven by drought responsive promoter and expression of drought-resistance in transgenic tobacco. Acta Botanica Sinica 42:616-619.
124. Zhu, B.C., J. Su, M.C. Chan, D.P.S. Verma, Y.L. Fan, and R. Wu (1998). Overexpression of a delta (1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene and analysis of tolerance to water-and salt-stress in transgenic rice. Plant Science 139:41-48.