Effects of conjugated oestrogens and aminocaproic acid upon exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH)

Comparative Exercise Physiology

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 95-103

  Epp, T S ^a   Edwards, K L ^a   Poole, D C ^a   Erickson, H H ^a  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

aminocaproic acid; bronchoalveolar lavage; conjugated oestrogen; EIPH; equine

Indexed keywords

EID: 85012097853     PISSN: 17552540     EISSN: 17552559     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1478061508120242     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. McKane SA, Canfield PJ and Rose RJ (1993). Equine bronchoalveolar lavage cytology: survey of Thoroughbred racehorses in training. Australian Veterinary Journal 70: 401–404.
2. Meyer TS, Fedde MR, Gaughan EM, Langsetmo I and Erickson HH (1998). Quantification of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage with bronchoalveolar lavage. Equine Veterinary Journal 30: 284–288.
3. Aguilera-Tejero E, Pascoe JR, Tyler WS and Woliner MJ (1995). Autologous blood installation alters respiratory mechanics in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 27: 46–50.
4. McKane SA, Bayly WM, Hines MT and Sides RH (1998). Autologous blood infusion into the lungs interferes with gas exchange and performance in exercising horses. World Equine Airways Symposium.
5. Hinchcliff KW (2005). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners 50: 342–347.
6. Mason DK, Collins EA and Watkins KL (1983). Respiratory system. In: Snow DH, Persson SGB and Rose RJ (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology. Cambridge: Granta Editions, pp. 57–63.
7. Macnamara B, Bauer S and Iafe J (1990). Endoscopic evaluation of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in association with poor performance in racing Standardbreds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196: 443–445.
8. Gunson DE, Sweeney CR and Soma LR (1988). Sudden death attributable to exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses: nine cases (1981–1983). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 193: 102–106.
9. Erickson HH and Poole DC (2007). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. In: Lekeux P (ed.) Equine Respiratory Diseases (available at: www.ivis.org).
10. Geor RJ, Ommundson L, Fenton G and Pagan JD (2001). Effects of an external nasal strip and frusemide on pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbreds following high-intensity exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal 33: 577–584.
11. Kindig CA, McDonough P, Fenton G, Poole DC and Erickson HH (2001). Efficacy of nasal strip and furosemide in mitigating EIPH in thoroughbred horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 91: 1396–1400.
12. McDonough P, Kindig CA, Hildreth TS, Padilla DJ, Behnke BJ, Erickson HH and Poole DC (2004). Effect of furosemide and the equine nasal strip on EIPH and time to fatigue in running Thoroughbred horses. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 1: 177–184.
13. Poole DC, Kindig CA and Fenton G (2000). Effects of external nasal support on pulmonary gas exchange and EIPH in the horse. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 20: 578–585.
14. Valdez SC, Nieto JE, Spier SJ, Owens SD, Beldomenico P and Snyder JR (2004). Effect of an external nasal dilator strip on cytologic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Thoroughbred racehorses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 224: 558–561.
15. Hildreth TS, McDonough P, Myers DE, Padilla DJ, Behnke BJ, Poole DC and Erickson HH (2003). Is immunotherapy effective in reducing exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH)? FASEB Journal 17: A939.
16. Erickson HH and Hildreth TS (2004). Novel and emerging therapies for EIPH. Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine 22: 734–736.
17. Erickson HH, Epp TS and Poole DC (2007). Review of alternative therapies for EIPH. Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners 53: 68–71.
18. White JG, Matlack KL, Mundschenk D and Rao GHR (1976). Platelet studies in normal and a bleeder horse. Proceedings First International Symposium on Equine Hematology, Golden, Colorado, pp. 209–220.
19. Bayly WM, Meyers KM, Keck MT, Huston LJ and Grant BD (1983). Exercise-induced alterations in hemostasis in Thoroughbred horses. In: Snow DH, Persson SGB and Rose RJ (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology. 1st edn. Cambridge, UK: Burlington Press/Granta Editions, pp. 336–343.
20. Bayly WM, Meyers KM, Keck MT, Huston LJ and Grant BD (1983). Effects of exercise on the hemostatic system of Thoroughbred horses displaying post-exercise epistaxis. Equine Veterinary Science 3: 191–193.
21. Johnstone IB, Viel L, Crane S and Whiting T (1991). Haemostatic studies in racing Standardbred horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Haemostatic parameters at rest and after moderate exercise. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 55: 101–106.
22. Kociba GJ, Bayly WM, Milne DW, Wigton DH, Gabel AA and Muir WW (1984). Furosemide: effects on the hemostatic mechanism of resting and exercised Standardbred horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45: 2603–2606.
23. McKeever KH, Hinchcliff KW, Kociba GJ, Reed SM and Muir WW 3rd (1990). Changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in horses during exercise. American Journal of Veterinary Research 51: 1335–1339.
24. Kingston JK, Bayly WM, Meyers KM, Sellon DC and Wardrop KJ (2002). Evaluation of binding of fibrin and annexin V to equine platelets in response to supramaximal treadmill exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 502–505.
25. Epp TS, McDonough P, Padilla DJ, Cox JH, Poole DC and Erickson HH (2005). The effect of herbal supplementation on the severity of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 2: 17–25.
26. Verstraete M (1985). Clinical application of inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Drugs 29: 236–261.
27. Heidmann P, Tornquist SJ, Qu A and Cebra CK (2005). Laboratory measures of hemostasis and fibrinolysis after intravenous administration of [formula omitted]-aminocaproic acid in clinically normal horses and ponies. American Journal of Veterinary Research 66: 313–318.
28. Ross J, Dallap BL, Dolente BA and Sweeney RW (2007). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of [formula omitted]-aminocaproic acid in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 68: 1016–1021.
29. Fedde MR (1991). Blood gas analysis on equine blood: required correction factors. Equine Veterinary Journal 23: 410–412.
30. Kopp KJ, Moore JN, Byars TD and Brooks P (1985). Template bleeding time and thromboxane generation in the horse: effects of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Equine Veterinary Journal 17: 322–324.
31. Langsetmo I and Poole DC (1999). VO2 recovery kinetics in the horse following moderate, heavy, and severe exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 86: 1070–1077.
32. Weigle GE, Langsetmo I, Gallagher RR, Dyer RA, Erickson HH and Fedde MR (1998). Analysis of right ventricular function in the exercising horse: use of the Fourier Transform. Equine Veterinary Journal 32: 101–108.
33. Epp TS, McDonough P, Padilla DJ, Gentile JM, Edwards KL, Erickson HH and Poole DC (2006). Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage during submaximal exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 37: 502–507.
34. McKane SA and Rose RJ (1993). Radiographic determination of the location of a blindly placed bronchoalveolar lavage catheter. Equine Veterinary Journal 5: 329–332.
35. Chen RH, Fazier OH and Cooley DA (1995). Antifibrinolytic therapy in cardiac surgery. Texas Heart Institute Journal 22: 211–215.
36. Mannucci PM (1998). Hemostatic drugs. New England Journal of Medicine 339: 245–253.
37. ®): potent antifibrinolytic agent for treating hematuria. Urological Nursing 23: 156–158.
38. King C (1995). EIPH: rational approach to therapy. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 15: 7–13.
39. Marijunath G, Fozailoff A, Mitcheson D and Sarnak MJ (2002). Epsilon-aminocaproic acid and renal complications: case report and review of the literature. Clinical Nephrology 58: 63–67.
40. Pascoe JR (1981). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in the racing horse. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Surgery and Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Respiratory Tract, Barossa Valley (Australian Equine Veterinary Association). pp. 83–88.
41. ® in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding – a double blind randomized control study. Obstetrics and Gynecology 59: 285–291.
42. Liu YK, Kosfeld RE and Marcum SG (1984). Treatment of uremic bleeding with conjugated oestrogen. Lancet 2: 887–889.
43. Livivo M, Mannucci PM, Vigano G, Mingardi G, Lombardi R, Mecca G and Remuzzi G (1986). Conjugated estrogens for the management of bleeding associated with renal failure. New England Journal of Medicine 315: 731–735.
44. McCall RE and Bilderback KK (1997). Use of intravenous Premarin to decrease postoperative blood loss after pediatric scoliosis surgery. Spine 22: 1394–1397.
45. Lewis BS (1999). Medical and hormonal therapy in occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Seminars in Gastrointestinal Disease 10: 71–77.
46. Menefee MG, Flessa HC, Glueck HI and Hogg SP (1975). Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu Disease): an electron microscopic study of the vascular lesions before and after therapy with hormones. Archives of Otolaryngology 101: 246–251.
47. Harrison DFN (1982). Use of estrogen in treatment of familial hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Laryngoscope 92: 314–320.
48. Marshall JK and Hunt RH (1997). Hormonal therapy for bleeding gastrointestinal mucosal vascular abnormalities: A promising alternative. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 9: 521–525.
49. McCarthy ML and Stoukides CA (1994). Estrogen therapy of uremic bleeding. Annals of Pharmacology 28: 60–62.
50. Kingston JK, Sampson SN, Beard LA, Meyers KM, Sellon DC and Bayly WM (1999). The effect of supramaximal exercise on equine platelet function. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 30: 181–183.
51. Kingston JK, Bayly WM, Sellon DC, Meyers KM and Wardrop KJ (2001). Effects of sodium citrate, low molecular weight heparin, and prostaglandin E1 on aggregation, fibrinogen binding, and enumeration of equine platelets. American Journal of Veterinary Research 62: 547–554.
52. Elliot AR, Fu Z, Tsukimoto K, Prediletto R, Mathieu-Costello O and West JB (1992). Short-term reversibility of ultrastructural changes in pulmonary capillaries caused by stress failure. Journal of Applied Physiology 73: 1150–1158.
53. West JB, Mathieu-Costello O, Jones JH, Birks EK, Logemann RB, Pascoe JR and Tyler WS (1993). Stress failure of pulmonary capillaries in racehorses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Journal of Applied Physiology 75: 1097–1109.
54. Hinchcliff KW (2000). Counting red cells – is it the answer? Equine Veterinary Journal 32: 363–363.
55. Greilich PE, Brouse CF, Whitten CW, Chi L, DiMaio JM and Jessen ME (2003). Antifibrinolytic therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of [formula omitted]-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 126: 1498–1503.
56. Levy JH (2007). Anti-inflammatory strategies and hemostatic agents: old drugs, new ideas. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 21: 89–101.
57. Speyer CL, Rancilio NJ, McClintock SD, Crawford JD, Gao H, Sarma JV and Ward PA (2005). Regulatory effects of estrogen on acute lung inflammation in mice. American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology 288: C881–C890.
58. Maia H and Casoy J (2007). Non-contraceptive benefits of oral contraceptives. European Journal of Contraceptive and Reproductive Health Care 1-8: i First Article.
59. Straub RH (2007). The complex role of estrogens in inflammation. Endocrine Reviews 28: 521–574.
60. Robinson NE and Derksen FJ (1980). Small airway obstruction as a cause of exercise-associated pulmonary hemorrhage: a hypothesis. Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners 26: 421–430.
61. O'Callaghan MW, Pascoe JR, Tyler WS and Mason DK (1987). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in the horse: results of a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging study V. Microscopic observations. Equine Veterinary Journal 19: 411–418.
62. O'Callaghan MW, Pascoe JR and Tyler WS (1987). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in the horse: results of a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging study VIII. Conclusions and implications. Equine Veterinary Journal 19: 428–434.
63. McKane SA and Slocombe RF (1999). Sequential changes in bronchoalveolar cytology after autologous blood inoculation. Equine Veterinary Journal 30: 126–130.
64. McKane SA and Slocombe RF (2002). Alveolar fibrosis and changes in equine lung morphometry in response to intrapulmonary blood. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 451–458.
65. Newton JR and Wood JLN (2002). Evidence of an association between inflammatory airway disease and EIPH in young Thoroughbreds during training. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 417–424.
66. Mahony C, Rantanen NW, DeMichael JA and Kincaid B (1992). Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the thoroughbred: high prevalence in racehorses and a characteristic abnormality in bleeders. Equine Veterinary Journal 24: 129–133.
67. Weiss DJ, Evanson OA, McClenahan D, Fagliari J and Walcheck B (1998). Shear-induced platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil aggregate formation by equine platelets. American Journal of Veterinary Research 59: 1243–1246.
68. Weiss DJ, Evanson OA, Fagliari JJ and Valberg S (1998). Evaluation of platelet activation and platelet neutrophil aggregates in Thoroughbreds undergoing near-maximal treadmill exercise. American Journal of Veterinary Research 59: 393–396.
69. Weiss DJ, McClay CB, Smith CM, Rao GHR and White JG (1990). Platelet function in the racing Thoroughbred: implication for exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 19: 35–39.