Checking the “Academic Selection” argument. Chess players outperform non-chess players in cognitive skills related to intelligence: A meta-analysis

Intelligence

Volumn 61, Issue , 2017, Pages 130-139

  Sala, Giovanni ^a   Burgoyne, Alexander P ^b   Macnamara, Brooke N ^c   Hambrick, David Z ^b   Campitelli, Guillermo ^d   Gobet, Fernand ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Chess; Cognitive ability; Deliberate practice; Intelligence; Meta analysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 85011423467     PISSN: 01602896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.01.013     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Anderson, The relation between gender, age, giftedness, and chess activity and attention in middle school student. 2004, University of Houston, TX: Houston (Doctoral dissertation).
2. Ardila, A., Pineda, D., Rosselli, M., Correlation between intelligence test scores and executive function measures. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 15 (2000), 31–36, 10.1016/S0887-6177(98)00159-0.
3. Barron, F., Creativity and psychological health. 1963, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ.
4. Bilalić, M., McLeod, P., Gobet, F., Does chess need intelligence? A study with young chess players. Intelligence 35 (2007), 457–470, 10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.005.
5. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L.V., Higgins, J.P., Rothstein, H.R., Introduction to meta-analysis. 2009, Wiley, London.
6. Brickenkamp, R., Zillmer, E., The d2 Test of Attention. 1st US ed., 1998, Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Seattle, WA.
7. Burgoyne, A.P., Sala, G., Gobet, F., Macnamara, B.N., Campitelli, G., Hambrick, D.Z., The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Intelligence 59 (2016), 72–83, 10.1016/j.intell.2016.08.002.
8. Campitelli, G., Gerrans, P., Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection? A mathematical modeling approach. Memory & Cognition 42 (2014), 434–447, 10.3758/s13421-013-0367-9.
9. Campitelli, G., Gobet, F., Deliberate practice: Necessary but not sufficient. Current Directions in Psychological Science 20 (2011), 280–285, 10.1177/0963721411421922.
10. Campitelli, Labollita, M., Campitelli-Labollita_Datset_Chessplayers&Students. 2016, figshare, 10.6084/m9.figshare.3172813.v1.
11. Cheung, S.F., Chan, D.K., Dependent effect sizes in meta-analysis: Incorporating the degree of interdependence. Journal of Applied Psychology 89 (2004), 780–791, 10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.780.
12. Cohen, J., Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 1988, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale; NJ.
13. de Bruin, A.B., Kok, E.M., Leppink, J., Camp, G., Practice, intelligence, and enjoyment in novice chess players: A prospective study at the earliest stage of a chess career. Intelligence 45 (2014), 18–25, 10.1016/j.intell.2013.07.004.
14. Doll, Mayr, U., Intelligenz und Schachleistung—Eine Untersuchung an Schachexperten [Intelligence and performance in chess—A study of chess experts]. Psychologische Beiträge 29 (1987), 270–289.
15. Duval, S., Tweedie, R., Trim and fill: A simple funnel plot based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics 56 (2000), 276–284, 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x.
16. Elo, A., The rating of chessplayers, past and present. 1978, Arco, New York.
17. Ericsson, K.A., Why expert performance is special and cannot be extrapolated from studies of performance in general population: A response to criticisms. Intelligence 45 (2014), 81–103, 10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.001.
18. Frederick, S., Cognitive reflection and decision making. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (2005), 25–42, 10.1257/089533005775196732.
19. Frydman, M., Lynn, R., The general intelligence and spatial abilities of gifted young Belgian chess players. British Journal of Psychology 83 (1992), 233–235, 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02437.x.
20. Galton, F., Hereditary genius: An inquiry into its laws and consequences. 1869, MacMillan, London.
21. Gobet, F., Understanding expertise: A multi-disciplinary approach. 2016, Palgrave, London.
22. Gobet, F., Simon, H.A., Five seconds or sixty? Presentation time in expert memory. Cognitive Science 24 (2000), 651–682, 10.1016/S0364-0213(00)00031-8.
23. Gobet, F., de Voogt, A., Retschitzki, J., Moves in mind: The psychology of board games. 2004, Psychology Press, Hove, UK.
24. Grabner, R.H., The role of intelligence for performance in the prototypical expertise domain of chess. Intelligence 45 (2014), 26–33, 10.1016/j.intell.2013.07.023.
25. Hambrick, D.Z., Oswald, F.L., Altmann, E.M., Meinz, E.J., Gobet, F., Campitelli, G., Deliberate practice: Is that all it takes to become an expert?. Intelligence 45 (2014), 34–45, 10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.001.
26. Hänggi, Brütsch, K., Siegel, A.M., Jäncke, L., The architecture of the chess player's brain. Neuropsychologia 62 (2014), 152–162, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.019.
27. Hunter, J.E., Hunter, R.F., Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance. Psychological Bulletin 96 (1984), 72–98, 10.1037/0033-2909.96.1.72.
28. Hunter, J.E., Schmidt, F.L., Le, H., Implications of direct and indirect range restriction for meta-analysis methods and findings. Journal of Applied Psychology 91 (2006), 594–612, 10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.594.
29. Jäger, A.O., Mehrmodale Klassifikation von Intelligenzleistungen: Experimentell kontrollierte Weiterenwicklung eines deskriptiven Intelligenzstrukturmodells. [Multimodal classification of intelligence achievement: Experimentally controlled further development of a descriptive structure model of intelligence]. Diagnostica 28 (1982), 195–225.
30. Jastrzembski, T.S., Charness, N., Vasyukova, C., Expertise and age effects on knowledge activation in chess. Psychology and Aging, 21, 2006, 401, 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.401.
31. Jensen, A.R., The g factor: The science of mental ability. 1998, Praeger, Westport, CT.
32. Kepes, S., McDaniel, M.A., The validity of conscientiousness is overestimated in the prediction of job performance. PLoS ONE, 10, 2015, e0141468, 10.1371/journal.pone.0141468.
33. Kepes, S., McDaniel, M.A., Brannick, M.T., Banks, G.C., Meta-analytic reviews in the organizational sciences: Two meta-analytic schools on the way to MARS (the Meta-analytic Reporting Standards). Journal of Business and Psychology 28 (2013), 123–143, 10.1007/s10869-013-9300-2.
34. Lubinski, D., Exceptional cognitive ability: The phenotype. Behavior Genetics 39 (2009), 350–358, 10.1007/s10519-009-9273-0.
35. Milner, B., Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. British Medical Bulletin 27 (1971), 272–277.
36. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine 151 (2009), 264–269, 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135.
37. Morice, R., Delahunty, A., Frontal/executive impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 22 (1996), 125–137, 10.1093/schbul/22.1.125.
38. Orsini, A., Corsi's block-tapping test: Standardization and concurrent validity with WISC-R for children aged 11 to 16. Perceptual and Motor Skills 79 (1994), 1547–1554, 10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1547.
39. Ozer, D.J., Personality, intelligence, and spatial visualization: Correlates of mental rotations test performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53 (1987), 129–134, 10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.129.
40. Peters, M., Laeng, B., Latham, K., Jackson, M., Zaiyouna, R., Richardson, C., A redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotations test – Different versions and factors that affect performance. Brain and Cognition 28 (1995), 39–58, 10.1006/brcg.1995.1032.
41. Peters, J.L., Sutton, A.J., Jones, D.R., Abrams, K.R., Rushton, L., Contour-enhanced meta-analysis funnel plots help distinguish publication bias from other causes of asymmetry. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 61 (2008), 991–996, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.010.
42. Raven, J., Guide to the standard progressive matrices. 1960, H. K. Lewis, London.
43. Raven, J., Advanced progressive matrices. 1998, Oxford Psychology Press, Oxford.
44. Robertson, K.F., Smeets, S., Lubinski, D., Benbow, C.P., Beyond the threshold hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science 19 (2010), 346–351, 10.1177/0963721410391442.
45. Sala, G., Gobet, F., Do the benefits of chess instruction transfer to academic and cognitive skills? A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review 18 (2016), 46–57, 10.1016/j.edurev.2016.02.002.
46. Schellig, D., Block-tapping-test. 1997, Swets Test Services, Frankfurt.
47. Schmidt, F.L., Hunter, J.E., The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin 124 (1998), 262–274, 10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.262.
48. Schmidt, F.L., Hunter, J.E., Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. 3rd ed., 2015, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
49. Schmidt, F.L., Shaffer, J.A., Oh, I.S., Increased accuracy for range restriction corrections: Implications for the role of personality and general mental ability in job and training performance. Personnel Psychology 61 (2008), 827–868, 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00132.x.
50. Schneider, W., Gruber, H., Gold, A., Opwis, K., Chess expertise and memory for chess positions in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 56 (1993), 328–349, 10.1006/jecp.1993.1038.
51. Shallice, T., The Tower of London test. 1982, Colorado Assessment Tests (CAT), Colorado, US.
52. Simon, H.A., Chase, W.G., Skill in chess. American Scientist 61 (1973), 393–403.
53. Stanley, T.D., Doucouliagos, H., Meta-regression approximations to reduce publication selection bias. Research Synthesis Methods 5 (2014), 60–78, 10.1002/jrsm.1095.
54. Unterrainer, Kaller, C.P., Halsband, U., Rahm, B., Planning abilities and chess: A comparison of chess and non-chess players on the Tower of London task. British Journal of Psychology 97 (2006), 299–311, 10.1348/000712605X71407.
55. Unterrainer, Kaller, C.P., Leonhart, R., Rahm, B., Revising superior planning performance in chess players: The impact of time restriction and motivation aspects. American Journal of Psychology 124 (2011), 213–225, 10.5406/amerjpsyc.124.2.0213.
56. Vernon, P.A., Speed of information processing and general intelligence. Intelligence 7 (1983), 53–70, 10.1016/0160-2896(83)90006-5.
57. Vevea, J.L., Woods, C.M., Publication bias in research synthesis: Sensitivity analysis using a priori weight functions. Psychological Methods 10 (2005), 428–443, 10.1037/1082-989X.10.4.428.
58. Vidaurreta, Aproximación al estudio de la flexibilidad cognitiva en niños ajedrecistas [Approach to the study of cognitive flexibility in children chess players]. Rev. Cub. Med. Dep. & Cul. Fís., 6, 2011.
59. Viechtbauer, W., Conducting meta-analysis in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software 36 (2010), 1–48 Retrieved from http://brieger.esalq.usp.br/CRAN/web/packages/metafor/vignettes/metafor.pdf.
60. Viechtbauer, W., Cheung, M.W.L., Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods 1 (2010), 112–125, 10.1002/jrsm.11.
61. Waters, A.J., Gobet, F., Leyden, G., Visuospatial abilities in chess players. British Journal of Psychology 30 (2002), 303–311, 10.1348/000712602761381402.