Segmenting winter sport tourists by motivation: The case of recreational skiers

Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 480-499

  Alexandris, K ^a   Kouthouris, C ^b   Funk, D ^c   Giovani, C ^b  

^a ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY   (Greece)

^c GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cluster analysis; Involvement; Motivation; Recreational skiing

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010589848     PISSN: 19368623     EISSN: 15410897     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19368620902950048     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Alexandris, K., and Stodolska, M. (2004). The influence of perceived constraints on the attitudes towards recreational sport participation. Loisir et Société, 27, 197-217
2. Alexandris, A., Kouthouris, C., and Meligdis, A. (2006). Increasing customers’ loyalty in a skiing resort: The contribution of place attachment and service quality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18, 414-425
3. Armitage, C., and Conner, M. (1999). The theory of planned behavior: Assessment of predictive validity and “perceived control”. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 35-54
4. Baloglu, S., and Uysal, M. (1996). Market segments of push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8, 32-38
5. Bansal, H., and Eiselt, H. A. (2004). Exploratory research of tourist motivations and planning. Tourism Management, 25, 387-396
6. Beard, J., and Ragheb, M. (1987). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 219-228
7. Berry, L. (2002). Relationship marketing of services: Perspectives from 1983 and 2000. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 1, 59-79
8. Bichis-Lupas, M., and Moisey, R. (2001). A benefits segmentation of rail-trail users: Implications for marketing by local communities. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 3, 78-92
9. Biddle, S. (2001). Enhancing motivation in physical education. In G. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 101-129). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
10. Crompton, J., and McKay, S. L. (1997). Motives of visitors attending festival events. Annals of Tourism Research, 24, 425-439
11. Daniels, M., and Norman, W. (2005). Motivations of equestrian tourists: An analysis of the colonial cup races. Journal of Sport Tourism, 10, 201-210
12. Davis, C., Fox, J., Brewer, H., and Ratunsy, D. (1995). Motivations to exercise as a function of personality characteristics, age, and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 165-174
13. Deci, L., and Ryan, M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press
14. Deci, L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press
15. Diaz-Martin, A., Iglesias, V., Vazquez, R., and Ruiz, A. (2000). The use of quality expectations to segment a service market, Journal of Services Marketing, 14, 132-146
16. Fodness, D. (1994). Measuring tourist motivation. Annals of Tourism Research, 21, 555-581
17. Funk, D. C., and Bruun, T. (2007). The role of socio-psychological and culture-education motives in marketing international sport tourism: A cross-cultural perspective. Tourism Management, 28, 806-819
18. Funk, D. C., and James, J. (2001). The psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual’s psychological connection to sport. Sport Management Review, 4, 119-150
19. Funk, D. C., and James, J. (2006). Consumer loyalty: The meaning of attachment in the development of sport team allegiance. Journal of Sport Management, 20, 189-217
20. Funk, D. C., Ridinger, L. L., and Moorman, A. M. (2004). Exploring the origins on involvement: Understanding the relationship between consumer motives and involvement with professional sport teams. Leisure Sciences, 26, 35-61
21. Gibson, H. J. (1998). Sport tourism: A critical analysis of research. Sport Management Review, 1, 45-76
22. Gibson, H. J. (2004). Moving beyond the “what is and who” of sport tourism to understanding “why”. Journal of Sport Tourism, 9, 247-265
23. Gursoy, D., and Gavcar, E. (2003). International leisure tourists’ involvement profile. Annals of Tourism Research, 30, 906-926
24. Guzman A. B., Leones, J. D., Tapia, K., Wong, W., and Castro, B. (2006). Segmenting motivation. Annals of Tourism Research, 33, 863-867
25. Gwinner, K. P., Gremler, D. D., and Bitner, M. J. (1998). Relational benefits in services industries: The customer’s perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26, 101-114
26. Hanquin, Z. Q., and Lam, T. (1999). An analysis of mainland Chinese visitors’ motivation to visit Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 20, 587-594
27. Havitz, M., and Dimanche, F. (1997). Leisure involvement revisited: Conceptual conundrums and measurement advances. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 245-278
28. Havitz, M., and Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 102-128
29. Holden, A. (1998). The use of visitor understanding in skiing management and development decisions at the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland. Tourism Management, 19, 145-152
30. Holden, A. (1999). Understanding skiers’ motivation using Pearces travel career construct. Annals of Tourism Research, 26, 435-438
31. Holden, A., and Sparrowhawk, J. (2002). Understanding the motivations of ecotourists: The case of trekkers in Annapurna, Nepal. International Journal of Tourism Research, 4, 435-446
32. Hsu, C. H., Liping, A., and Wong, K. K. F. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations—Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 5, 1262-1273
33. Hudson, S., and Cross, P. (2004). Winter sports destinations: The evolving sport, tourism, and leisure functions of the modern stadium. In J. Higham (Ed.), Sport Tourism Destinations (pp. 188-205). Amsterdam: Elsevier
34. Hwang, S. N., Lee, C., and Chen, H. J. (2005). The relationship among tourists’ involvement, place attachment and interpretation satisfaction in Taiwan’s national parks. Tourism Management, 26, 143-156
35. Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 256-262
36. Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1999). Motivational foundations of leisure. In E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (Eds.), Understanding leisure recreation, mapping the past, charting the future (pp. 35-51). State College, PA: Venture Publishing
37. Iwasaki, Y., and Havitz, M. E., (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research, 36, 45-72
38. Jago, L., Chalip, L., Brown, G., Mules, T., and Ali, S. (2003). Building events into destination branding: Insights from experts. Event Management, 8, 3-14
39. Kaczynski, A., and Havitz, M. (2001). Relational benefits in recreation services: Examining differences between operating sectors. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(2), 20-42
40. Katz, D. (1960). The functional approach to the study of attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 24, 163-204
41. Kim, N. S., and Chalip, L., (2004). Why travel to the FIFA World Cup? Effects of motives, background, interest, and constraints. Tourism Management, 25, 695-707
42. Kim, S. S., and Prideaux, B. (2005). Marketing implications arising from a comparative study of international pleasure tourist motivations and other travel-related characteristics of visitors to Korea. Tourism Management, 26, 347-357
43. Kim, S., and Scott, D. (1997). An exploration of the relationship among social psychological involvement, behavioral involvement, commitment, and future intentions in the context of birdwatchinhg. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 320-342
44. Kurtzman, J., and Zauhar, J. (1995). Sport tourism consumer motivation. Journal of Sport Tourism, 10, 21-31
45. Kyle, G., Absher, J., and Graefe, A. (2003). The moderating role of place attachment on the relationship between attitudes toward fees and spending preferences. Leisure Sciences, 25, 33-50
46. Kyle, G., Absher, J., Hammitt, W., and Cavin, J. (2006). An examination of the motivation-involvement relationship. Leisure Sciences, 28, 467-585
47. Kyle, G., and Chick, G. (2004). Enduring leisure involvement: The importance of personal relationships. Leisure Studies, 23, 243-266
48. Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., and Bacon, J. (2004). Predictors of behavioral loyalty among hikers along the Appalachian Trail. Leisure Sciences, 26, 99-118
49. Lee, C. K., Lee, Y. K., Bernhard, B. J., and Yoon, Y. S. (2006). Segmenting casino gamblers by motivation: A cluster analysis of Korean gamblers. Tourism Management, 27, 856-866
50. Leisen, B. (2001). Image segmentation: The case of a tourism destination. Journal of Services Marketing, 15, 49-66
51. Manfredo, M., Driver, B., and Tarrant, M. (1996). Measuring leisure motivation: A meta-analysis of the recreation experience preference scales. Journal of Leisure Research, 28, 188-213
52. McIntyre, N., and Pigram, J. J. (1992). Recreation specialization re-examined: The case vehicle-based campers. Leisure Sciences, 14, 3-15
53. Molera, L., and Albaladejo, I. P., (2007). Profiling segments of tourists in rural areas of South-Eastern Spain. Tourism Management, 28, 757-767
54. Oliver, R. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioural perspective on the consumer. New York: McGraw Hill
55. Raugh, D., and Wall, R. (1987). Measuring sport participation motivation. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 18, 112-119
56. Recours, R., Souville, M., and Griffet, J. (2004). Expressed motives for informal and club/association-based sports participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 36, 1-22
57. Ryan, C., and Glendon, I. (1998). Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25, 169-184
58. Ryan, C. (1998). The travel career ladder: An appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 25, 936-957
59. Scott, D., and Shafer, D. (2001). Recreational specialization: A critical look at the construct. Journal of Leisure Research, 33, 319-343
60. Schiffman, L., and Kanuk, L. (2004). Consumer behaviour (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall
61. Smith, A., and Biddle, S. (1999). Attitudes and exercise adherence: Test of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 269-281
62. Tabachnick, B., and Fidell, L. (1989). Using multivariate statistics (2nd ed.). New York: Harper Collins Publishers
63. Treasure, D. (2001). Enhancing young people’s motivation in youth sport: An achievement goal approach. In G. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 79-101). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
64. Tsiotsiou, R. (2006). Using visit frequency to segment ski resorts customers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(1), 15-26
65. Tsiotsiou, R., and Vasioti, E. (2006). Satisfaction: A segmentation criterion for “short term” visitors of mountainous destinations. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 19(4), 61-74
66. Weed, M. (2005). Sport tourism theory and method - Concepts, issues and epistemologies. European Sport Management Quarterly, 3, 229-242
67. Williams, D. R., Patterson, M. E., Roggenbuck, J. W., and Watson, A. E. (1992). Beyond the commodity metaphor: Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place. Leisure Sciences, 14, 29-46
68. Yoon, Y., and Uysal, M., (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 2d, 45-56
69. Zeithaml, V. A., and Bitner, M. J. (2003). Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. New York: McGraw-Hill