메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 43-52

Electronic cigarettes: A systematic review of available studies on health risk assessment

Author keywords

e liquid; electronic cigarettes (e cigarettes); hazard quotient; health risk assessment (HRA); margin of exposure; risk characterization

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; HUMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 85010057615     PISSN: 00487554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0075     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 84877673105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Vaping" profiles and preferences: An online survey of electronic cigarette users
    • Dawkins L, Turner J, Roberts A, Soar K. "Vaping" profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users. Addiction 2013;108(6):1115-25.
    • (2013) Addiction , vol.108 , Issue.6 , pp. 1115-1125
    • Dawkins, L.1    Turner, J.2    Roberts, A.3    Soar, K.4
  • 2
    • 84886252410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes: Prevalence and attitudes in Great Britain
    • Dockrell M, Morrison R, Bauld L, McNeill A. E-cigarettes: prevalence and attitudes in Great Britain. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15(10):1737-44.
    • (2013) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 1737-1744
    • Dockrell, M.1    Morrison, R.2    Bauld, L.3    McNeill, A.4
  • 3
    • 84874085718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems: International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey
    • Adkison SE, O'Connor RJ, Bansal-Travers M, Hyland A, Borland R, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey. Am J Prev Med 2013;44(3):207-15.
    • (2013) Am J Prev Med , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-215
    • Adkison, S.E.1    O'Connor, R.J.2    Bansal-Travers, M.3    Hyland, A.4    Borland, R.5
  • 4
    • 78049438932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: Third report of a WHO Study Group
    • Basis S, Regulation TP, Report T, Group WHOS. WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. Report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: third report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2009;(955):1-41.
    • (2009) World Health Organ Tech Rep ser , Issue.955 , pp. 1-41
    • Basis, S.1    Regulation, T.P.2    Report, T.3
  • 5
    • 84871403062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems: Adult use and awareness of the "e-cigarette" in the USA
    • Regan K, Promoff G, Dube SR, Arrazola R. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: adult use and awareness of the "e-cigarette" in the USA. Tob Control 2011:19-23.
    • (2011) Tob Control , pp. 19-23
    • Regan, K.1    Promoff, G.2    Dube, S.R.3    Arrazola, R.4
  • 6
    • 84922449397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in awareness and use of electronic cigarettes among US adults, 2010-2013
    • King BA, Patel R, Nguyen KH, Dube SR. Trends in awareness and use of electronic cigarettes among US adults, 2010-2013. Nicotine Tob Res 2015;17(2):219-27.
    • (2015) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 219-227
    • King, B.A.1    Patel, R.2    Nguyen, K.H.3    Dube, S.R.4
  • 7
    • 84963854291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness and current use of electronic cigarettes in Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, and Greece: Findings from 2011-2013 Global Adult Tobacco Surveys
    • Palipudi KM, Morton J, Mbulo L, Bunnell R, Blutcher NG, et al. Awareness and current use of electronic cigarettes in Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, and Greece: findings from 2011-2013 Global Adult Tobacco Surveys. Nicotine Tob Res 2016;18(4):501-7.
    • (2016) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 501-507
    • Palipudi, K.M.1    Morton, J.2    Mbulo, L.3    Bunnell, R.4    Blutcher, N.G.5
  • 8
    • 85043757479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Adult Tobacco Survey Greece (GATS) [accessed on 9 February, 2016]
    • Global Adult Tobacco Survey Greece (GATS). 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/survey/gats/ grc-country-report.pdf [accessed on 9 February, 2016].
    • (2013)
  • 9
    • 85043757935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Adult Tobacco Survey Malaysia (GATS) [accessed on 9 February, 2016]
    • Global Adult Tobacco Survey Malaysia (GATS). 2011. Available at: http://www.moh.gov.my/images/gallery/Report/GATS- Malaysia.pdf [accessed on 9 February, 2016].
    • (2011)
  • 10
    • 85043788477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Adult Tobacco Survey Indonesia (GATS) [accessed on 9 February, 2016]
    • Global Adult Tobacco Survey Indonesia (GATS). 2011. Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/survey/gats/ indonesia-report.pdf [accessed on 9 February, 2016].
    • (2011)
  • 11
    • 79952552453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes as a smoking-cessation: Tool results from an online survey
    • Siegel MB, Tanwar KL, Wood KS. Electronic cigarettes as a smoking-cessation: tool results from an online survey. Am J Prev Med 2011;40(4):472-5.
    • (2011) Am J Prev Med , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 472-475
    • Siegel, M.B.1    Tanwar, K.L.2    Wood, K.S.3
  • 12
    • 84910079668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes
    • Pisinger C, Dossing M. A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes. Prev Med (Baltim) 2014;69C:248-60.
    • (2014) Prev Med (Baltim) , vol.69 C , pp. 248-260
    • Pisinger, C.1    Dossing, M.2
  • 13
    • 84903458590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes
    • Hutzler C, Paschke M, Kruschinski S, Henkler F, Hahn JR, et al. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol 2014;88(7):1295-308.
    • (2014) Arch Toxicol , vol.88 , Issue.7 , pp. 1295-1308
    • Hutzler, C.1    Paschke, M.2    Kruschinski, S.3    Henkler, F.4    Hahn, J.R.5
  • 14
    • 34247512663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IARC, Retrieved at [accessed on 9 February, 2016]
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC. 2010. Retrieved at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/ TobaccoProductsScientificAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215717.pdf [accessed on 9 February, 2016].
    • (2010) International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • 16
    • 84922440924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AEMSA, Version 1.8, Author
    • AEMSA. (2014). E-Liquid manufacturing standards (Version 1.8, pp. 1-10). Author.
    • (2014) E-Liquid Manufacturing Standards , pp. 1-10
  • 17
    • 77952954387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety Report on the RuyanR e-cigarette Cartridge and Inhaled Aerosol
    • October
    • Laugesen M. Safety Report on the RuyanR e-cigarette Cartridge and Inhaled Aerosol. Heal NZ 2008;(October 2008):1-23.
    • (2008) Heal NZ , vol.2008 , pp. 1-23
    • Laugesen, M.1
  • 18
    • 84876784797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Kim HJ, Shin HS. Determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013;1291:48-55.
    • (2013) J Chromatogr A , vol.1291 , pp. 48-55
    • Kim, H.J.1    Shin, H.S.2
  • 19
    • 84874942955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of electronic cigarette use and user beliefs about their safety and benefits: An Internet survey
    • Goniewicz ML, Lingas EO, Hajek P. Patterns of electronic cigarette use and user beliefs about their safety and benefits: an Internet survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32(2):133-40.
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-140
    • Goniewicz, M.L.1    Lingas, E.O.2    Hajek, P.3
  • 22
    • 39749170291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC; Lyon, FR: Smokeless tobacco and tobacco-specific nitrosamines
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. v. 89. IARC; Lyon, FR: 2007. Smokeless tobacco and tobacco-specific nitrosamines; 421-583.
    • (2007) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans , vol.89 , pp. 421-583
  • 23
    • 0031831381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines
    • Hecht SS. Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. Chem Res Toxicol 1998;11(6):559-603.
    • (1998) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 559-603
    • Hecht, S.S.1
  • 24
    • 84933508585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential harmful health effects of inhaling nicotine-free shisha-pen vapor: A chemical risk assessment of the main components propylene glycol and glycerol
    • Kienhuis AS, Soeteman-Hernandez LG, Bos PM, Cremers HW, Klerx WN, et al. Potential harmful health effects of inhaling nicotine-free shisha-pen vapor: a chemical risk assessment of the main components propylene glycol and glycerol. Tob Induc Dis 2015;13(1):15.
    • (2015) Tob Induc Dis , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 15
    • Kienhuis, A.S.1    Soeteman-Hernandez, L.G.2    Bos, P.M.3    Cremers, H.W.4    Klerx, W.N.5
  • 25
    • 84929377700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are metals emitted from electronic cigarettes a reason for health concern? a risk-assessment analysis of currently available literature
    • Farsalinos K, Voudris V, Poulas K. Are metals emitted from electronic cigarettes a reason for health concern? a risk-assessment analysis of currently available literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015;12(5):5215-32.
    • (2015) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 5215-5232
    • Farsalinos, K.1    Voudris, V.2    Poulas, K.3
  • 26
    • 84989182900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: Overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation
    • Hahn J, Monakhova YB, Hengen J, Kohl-Himmelseher M, SchUssler J, et al. Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation. Tob Induc Dis 2014;12(23). Doi: 10.1186/s12971-014-0023-6.
    • (2014) Tob Induc Dis , vol.12 , Issue.23
    • Hahn, J.1    Monakhova, Y.B.2    Hengen, J.3    Kohl-Himmelseher, M.4    SchUssler, J.5
  • 27
    • 79551536770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exponent [accessed on 15 October, 2015]
    • Exponent. NJOY e-cigarette health risk assessment. 2009. Available at: http://truthaboutecigs.com/science/5.php [accessed on 15 October, 2015].
    • (2009) NJOY E-cigarette Health Risk Assessment
  • 28
    • 84922022139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: Implications for product regulation
    • Zhu S-H, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, Cummins SE, Gamst A, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control 2014;23 (suppl 3):iii3-9.
    • (2014) Tob Control , vol.23 , pp. iii3-9
    • Zhu, S.-H.1    Sun, J.Y.2    Bonnevie, E.3    Cummins, S.E.4    Gamst, A.5
  • 29
    • 77952795950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed on 9 February, 2016]
    • United States Environment al Protection Agency. 2015. Available at: http://www2.epa.gov/risk/human-health-risk-assessment [accessed on 9 February, 2016].
    • (2015) United States Environment Al Protection Agency
  • 31
    • 77952794690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: A survey of users
    • Etter J-F. Electronic cigarettes: a survey of users. BMC Public Health 2010;10(1):231.
    • (2010) BMC Public Health , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 231
    • Etter, J.-F.1
  • 32
    • 84896962498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: A systematic review
    • Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Ther Adv drug Saf 2014;5(2):67-86.
    • (2014) Ther Adv Drug Saf , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-86
    • Farsalinos, K.E.1    Polosa, R.2
  • 33
    • 84899630211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes in the USA: A summary of available toxicology data and suggestions for the future
    • Orr MS. Electronic cigarettes in the USA: a summary of available toxicology data and suggestions for the future. Tob Control 2014;23(Suppl 2):ii18-22.
    • (2014) Tob Control , vol.23 , pp. ii18-22
    • Orr, M.S.1
  • 34
    • 80052340225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of electronic cigarette cartridges, refill solutions, and smoke for nicotine and nicotine related impurities
    • Trehy ML, Ye W, Hadwiger ME, Moore TW, Allgire JF, et al. Analysis of electronic cigarette cartridges, refill solutions, and smoke for nicotine and nicotine related impurities. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 2011;34(14):1442-58.
    • (2011) J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol , vol.34 , Issue.14 , pp. 1442-1458
    • Trehy, M.L.1    Ye, W.2    Hadwiger, M.E.3    Moore, T.W.4    Allgire, J.F.5
  • 35
    • 84893908308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes
    • Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2014;23(2):133-9.
    • (2014) Tob Control , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-139
    • Goniewicz, M.L.1    Knysak, J.2    Gawron, M.3    Kosmider, L.4    Sobczak, A.5
  • 36
    • 70349482291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental lifetime cancer risks computed for benzo [a] pyrene and two tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke compared with lung cancer risks derived from epidemiologic data
    • Watanabe KH, Djordjevic MV, Stellman SD, Toccalino PL, Austin DF, et al. Incremental lifetime cancer risks computed for benzo [a] pyrene and two tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke compared with lung cancer risks derived from epidemiologic data. Regul Toxicol Pharm 2009;55(2):123-33.
    • (2009) Regul Toxicol Pharm , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-133
    • Watanabe, K.H.1    Djordjevic, M.V.2    Stellman, S.D.3    Toccalino, P.L.4    Austin, D.F.5
  • 38
    • 84857355796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A probabilistic risk assessment approach used to prioritize chemical constituents in mainstream smoke of cigarettes sold in China
    • Xie J, Marano KM, Wilson CL, Liu H, Gan H, et al. A probabilistic risk assessment approach used to prioritize chemical constituents in mainstream smoke of cigarettes sold in China. Regul Toxicol Pharm 2012;62(2):355-62.
    • (2012) Regul Toxicol Pharm , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 355-362
    • Xie, J.1    Marano, K.M.2    Wilson, C.L.3    Liu, H.4    Gan, H.5
  • 39
    • 4143062086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke
    • Fowles J, Dybing E. Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke. Tob Control 2003;12(4):424-30.
    • (2003) Tob Control , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 424-430
    • Fowles, J.1    Dybing, E.2
  • 40
    • 84984989249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA [accessed on 1 December, 2015]
    • US EPA. HH: Risk characterization. 2015. Available at http:// www.epa.gov/region8/hh-risk-characterization [accessed on 1 December, 2015].
    • (2015) HH: Risk Characterization
  • 41
    • 0343446141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of the rat lung response to particle overload for human risk assessment: A workshop consensus report
    • ILSI Risk Science Institute
    • ILSI Risk Science Institute. The relevance of the rat lung response to particle overload for human risk assessment: a workshop consensus report. Inhal Toxicol 2000;12:1-17.
    • (2000) Inhal Toxicol , vol.12 , pp. 1-17


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.