A review of the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 71, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 323-326

  Hall, K D ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INSULIN;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; APPETITE; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CARBOHYDRATE INSULIN MODEL OF OBESITY; DISEASE MODEL; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; HUMAN; HUNGER; INSULIN RELEASE; METABOLISM; OBESITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; REVIEW; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BLOOD; BODY WEIGHT; DIET; ENERGY METABOLISM; SECRETION (PROCESS);

ADIPOSITY; BODY WEIGHT; DIET; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; INSULIN; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OBESITY;

EID: 85009424224     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: 14765640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.260     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Frayn KN, Karpe F, Fielding BA, Macdonald IA, Coppack SW. Integrative physiologyof human adipose tissue. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 875-888
2. Ludwig DS, Friedman MI. Increasing adiposity: consequence or cause of overeating?JAMA 2014; 311: 2167-2168
3. Lustig RH. Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpretingthe First Law of Thermodynamics. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2006;2: 447-458
4. Taubes G. The science of obesity: what do we really know about what makes usfat? An essay by Gary Taubes. BMJ 2013; 346: f1050
5. Wells JC, Siervo M. Obesity and energy balance: is the tail wagging the dog? Eur JClin Nutr 2011; 65: 1173-1189
6. Astwood EB. The heritage of corpulence. Endocrinology 1962; 71: 337-341
7. Pennington AW. Obesity. Med Times 1952; 80: 389-398
8. Carver C. Insulin treatment and the problem of weight gain in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Educ 2006; 32: 910-917
9. Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS et al. A randomizedtrial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2082-2090
10. Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, Kim S, Stafford RS, Balise RR et al. Comparisonof the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, LEARN diets for change in weight and related riskfactors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight LossStudy: a randomized trial. Jama 2007; 297: 969-977
11. Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J et al. A lowcarbohydrateas compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med2003; 348: 2074-2081
12. Atkins RC. Dr Atkins' Diet Revolution: The High Calorie Way to Stay Thin Forever.Bantam Books, 1973
13. Ludwig DS. Always hungry? Conquer cravings, retrain your fat cells and lose weightpermanetly. Grand Central Life & Style: New York, 2016
14. Taubes G. Why We Get Fat And What To Do About It. Alfred A Knopf: New York, 201115 Popper K. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchison & Co., 1959
15. French AP. Special Relativity. W. W. Norton & Company, 1968
16. Finegood DT. The importance of systems thinking to address obesity. Nestle NutrInst Workshop Ser 2012; 73: 123-137; discussion 139-141
17. Das SK, Gilhooly CH, Golden JK, Pittas AG, Fuss PJ, Cheatham RA et al. Long-termeffects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomizedcontrolled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 1023-1030
18. Hall KD, Bemis T, Brychta R, Chen KY, Courville A, Crayner EJ et al. Calorie forcalorie, dietary fat restriction results in more body fat loss than carbohydraterestriction in people with obesity. Cell Metab 2015; 22: 427-436
19. Hall KD, Chen KY, Guo J, Lam YY, Leibel RL, Mayer LE et al. Energy expenditure andbody composition changes after an isocaloric ketogenic diet in overweight andobese men. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104: 324-333
20. Feinman RD, Fine EJ. Thermodynamics and metabolic advantage of weightloss diets. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2003; 1: 209-219
21. Astrup A, Buemann B, Christensen NJ, Toubro S. Failure to increase lipid oxidationin response to increasing dietary fat content in formerly obese women. Am JPhysiol 1994; 266(4 Pt 1): E592-E599
22. Dirlewanger M, di Vetta V, Guenat E, Battilana P, Seematter G, Schneiter P et al.Effects of short-term carbohydrate or fat overfeeding on energy expenditure andplasma leptin concentrations in healthy female subjects. Int J Obes Relat MetabDisord 2000; 24: 1413-1418
23. Horton TJ, Drougas H, Brachey A, Reed GW, Peters JC, Hill JO. Fat and carbohydrateoverfeeding in humans: different effects on energy storage. Am J Clin Nutr1995; 62: 19-29
24. Shepard TY, Weil KM, Sharp TA, Grunwald GK, Bell ML, Hill JO et al. Occasionalphysical inactivity combined with a high-fat diet may be important in thedevelopment and maintenance of obesity in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73: 703-708
25. Davy KP, Horton T, Davy BM, Bessessen D, Hill JO. Regulation of macronutrientbalance in healthy young and older men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25:1497-1502
26. Eckel RH, Hernandez TL, Bell ML, Weil KM, Shepard TY, Grunwald GK et al.Carbohydrate balance predicts weight and fat gain in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83: 803-808
27. Hill JO, Peters JC, Reed GW, Schlundt DG, Sharp T, Greene HL. Nutrient balance inhumans: effects of diet composition. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 54: 10-17
28. Leibel RL, Hirsch J, Appel BE, Checani GC. Energy intake required to maintain bodyweight is not affected by wide variation in diet composition. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55: 350-355
29. Rumpler WV, Seale JL, Miles CW, Bodwell CE. Energy-intake restriction and dietcompositioneffects on energy expenditure in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53:430-436
30. Schrauwen P, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Saris WH, Westerterp KR. Changes infat oxidation in response to a high-fat diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66: 276-282
31. Smith SR, de Jonge L, Zachwieja JJ, Roy H, Nguyen T, Rood JC et al. Fat andcarbohydrate balances during adaptation to a high-fat. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:450-457
32. Thearle MS, Pannacciulli N, Bonfiglio S, Pacak K, Krakoff J. Extent and determinantsof thermogenic responses to 24 hours of fasting, energy balance, fivedifferent overfeeding diets in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2791-2799
33. Treuth MS, Sunehag AL, Trautwein LM, Bier DM, Haymond MW, Butte NF.Metabolic adaptation to high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets in children andadolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 479-489
34. Yerboeket-van de Venne WP, Westerterp KR. Effects of dietary fat and carbohydrateexchange on human energy metabolism. Appetite 1996; 26: 287-300
35. Bogardus C, LaGrange BM, Horton ES, Sims EA. Comparison of carbohydratecontainingand carbohydrate-restricted hypocaloric diets in the treatment ofobesity. Endurance and metabolic fuel homeostasis during strenuous exercise.J Clin Invest 1981; 68: 399-404
36. Golay A, Allaz AF, Morel Y, de Tonnac N, Tankova S, Reaven G. Similar weight losswith low-or high-carbohydrate diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63: 174-178
37. Miyashita Y, Koide N, Ohtsuka M, Ozaki H, Itoh Y, Oyama T et al. Beneficial effect oflow carbohydrate in low calorie diets on visceral fat reduction in type 2 diabeticpatients with obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 65: 235-241
38. Yang MU, Van Itallie TB. Composition of weight lost during short-term weightreduction. Metabolic responses of obese subjects to starvation and low-calorieketogenic and nonketogenic diets. J Clin Invest 1976; 58: 722-730
39. Ebbeling CB, Swain JF, Feldman HA, Wong WW, Hachey DL, Garcia-Lago E et al.Effects of dietary composition on energy expenditure during weight-loss maintenance.Jama 2012; 307: 2627-2634
40. Leidy HJ, Clifton PM, Astrup A, Wycherley TP, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Luscombe-Marsh ND et al. The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr2015; 101: 1320S-1329S.
41. Wycherley TP, Moran LJ, Clifton PM, Noakes M, Brinkworth GD. Effects of energyrestrictedhigh-protein, low-fat compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:1281-1298
42. Hall KD. Comment on PMID: 22735432 effects of dietary composition on energyexpenditure during weight-loss maintenance. PubMed Commons 2016. Available at:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735432#cm22735432-22716096
43. Kahlhofer J, Lagerpusch M, Enderle J, Eggeling B, Braun W, Pape D et al.Carbohydrate intake and glycemic index affect substrate oxidation during acontrolled weight cycle in healthy men. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68: 1060-1066
44. Bortz WM, Paul P, Haff AC, Holmes WL. Glycerol turnover and oxidation in man.J Clin Invest 1972; 51: 1537-1546
45. Balasse EO, Fery F. Ketone body production and disposal: effects of fasting, diabetes, exercise. Diabetes Metab Rev 1989; 5: 247-270
46. Phinney SD. Ketogenic diets and physical performance. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2004; 1: 2
47. Gibson AA, Seimon RV, Lee CM, Ayre J, Franklin J, Markovic TP et al. Do ketogenicdiets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev2015; 16: 64-76
48. Paoli A, Bosco G, Camporesi EM, Mangar D. Ketosis, ketogenic diet and foodintake control: a complex relationship. Front Psychol 2015; 6: 27
49. Westman EC, Feinman RD, Mavropoulos JC, Vernon MC, Volek JS, Wortman JAet al. Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:276-284