메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

Social and occupational factors associated with psychological distress and disorder among disaster responders: A systematic review

Author keywords

Disaster response; Disasters; Psychological impact; Systematic review; Wellbeing

Indexed keywords

DISASTER; EMOTION; HUMAN; MENTAL STRESS; PSYCHOLOGY; RELIEF WORK; RESCUE PERSONNEL; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

EID: 85008477677     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20507283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0120-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (130)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 40449095730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: A systematic review
    • Neria Y, Nandi A, Galea S. Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2008;38:467-80.
    • (2008) Psychol Med , vol.38 , pp. 467-480
    • Neria, Y.1    Nandi, A.2    Galea, S.3
  • 3
    • 80052904672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the special issue: Terrorism, disaster, and organisational science
    • James K. Introduction to the special issue: terrorism, disaster, and organisational science. J Organ Behav. 2011;32:933-7.
    • (2011) J Organ Behav , vol.32 , pp. 933-937
    • James, K.1
  • 4
    • 80052617533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder following the september 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: A review of the literature among highly exposed populations
    • Neria Y, DiGrande L, Adams BG. Posttraumatic stress disorder following the september 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: a review of the literature among highly exposed populations. Am Psychol. 2011;66(6):429-46.
    • (2011) Am Psychol , vol.66 , Issue.6 , pp. 429-446
    • Neria, Y.1    DiGrande, L.2    Adams, B.G.3
  • 5
    • 84946726733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and resilience factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of individuals deployed in humanitarian relief roles after a disaster
    • Brooks SK, Dunn R, Sage CAM, Amlôt R, Greenberg N, Rubin J. Risk and resilience factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of individuals deployed in humanitarian relief roles after a disaster. J Ment Health. 2015; 24(6):385-413.
    • (2015) J Ment Health , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 385-413
    • Brooks, S.K.1    Dunn, R.2    Sage, C.A.M.3    Amlôt, R.4    Greenberg, N.5    Rubin, J.6
  • 7
    • 0024632747 scopus 로고
    • Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress
    • Hobfoll SE. Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. Am Psychol. 1989;44(3):513-24.
    • (1989) Am Psychol , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 513-524
    • Hobfoll, S.E.1
  • 9
    • 84870471779 scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 1980.
    • (1980) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 10
    • 84946801332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 10 Mar 2016
    • Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Disaster list. 2009. http://www.emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html. Accessed 10 Mar 2016.
    • (2009) Disaster list
  • 11
    • 0030056579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ. The BMJ economic evaluation working party
    • Drummond M, Jefferson T. Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ. The BMJ economic evaluation working party. Br Med J. 1996;313:275-83.
    • (1996) Br Med J , vol.313 , pp. 275-283
    • Drummond, M.1    Jefferson, T.2
  • 12
  • 14
    • 61449184552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depression among rescue personnel 24 hours after the Bet-Yehoshua train crash: The effects of exposure to dead bodies
    • Ben-Ezra M, Palgi Y, Essar N, Sofer H, Haber Y. Acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depression among rescue personnel 24 hours after the Bet-Yehoshua train crash: the effects of exposure to dead bodies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2008;23(5):461-5.
    • (2008) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 461-465
    • Ben-Ezra, M.1    Palgi, Y.2    Essar, N.3    Sofer, H.4    Haber, Y.5
  • 15
    • 84987451241 scopus 로고
    • The stress upon rescuers involved in an oil rig disaster. 'Alexander L. Kielland' 1980
    • Ersland S, Weisaeth L, Sund A. The stress upon rescuers involved in an oil rig disaster. 'Alexander L. Kielland' 1980. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1989; 80(355):38-49.
    • (1989) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl , vol.80 , Issue.355 , pp. 38-49
    • Ersland, S.1    Weisaeth, L.2    Sund, A.3
  • 16
    • 3142757154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder among professional and non-professional rescuers involved in an earthquake in Taiwan
    • Guo YJ, Chen CH, Lu ML, Tan HKL, Lee HW, Wang TN. Posttraumatic stress disorder among professional and non-professional rescuers involved in an earthquake in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res. 2004;127(1-2):35-41.
    • (2004) Psychiatry Res , vol.127 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 35-41
    • Guo, Y.J.1    Chen, C.H.2    Lu, M.L.3    Tan, H.K.L.4    Lee, H.W.5    Wang, T.N.6
  • 17
    • 33749163718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological consequences of the Bam earthquake on professional and nonprofessional helpers
    • Hagh-Shenas H, Goodarzi MA, Dehbozorgi G, Farashbandi H. Psychological consequences of the Bam earthquake on professional and nonprofessional helpers. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(5):477-83.
    • (2005) J Trauma Stress , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 477-483
    • Hagh-Shenas, H.1    Goodarzi, M.A.2    Dehbozorgi, G.3    Farashbandi, H.4
  • 18
    • 34648828266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in PTSD prevalence and associated risk factors among World Trade Center disaster rescue and recovery workers
    • Perrin MA, DiGrande L, Wheeler K, Thorpe L, Farfel M, Brackbill R. Differences in PTSD prevalence and associated risk factors among World Trade Center disaster rescue and recovery workers. Am J Psychiatr. 2007;164(9):1385-94.
    • (2007) Am J Psychiatr , vol.164 , Issue.9 , pp. 1385-1394
    • Perrin, M.A.1    DiGrande, L.2    Wheeler, K.3    Thorpe, L.4    Farfel, M.5    Brackbill, R.6
  • 19
    • 0029862273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voluntary and professional disaster-workers: Similarities and differences in reactions
    • Dyregrov A, Kristoffersen JI, Gjestad R. Voluntary and professional disaster-workers: similarities and differences in reactions. J Trauma Stress. 1996;9(3):541-55.
    • (1996) J Trauma Stress , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 541-555
    • Dyregrov, A.1    Kristoffersen, J.I.2    Gjestad, R.3
  • 20
    • 0028024978 scopus 로고
    • Disaster relief work: An assessment of training effectiveness
    • Paton D. Disaster relief work: an assessment of training effectiveness. J Trauma Stress. 1994;7(2):275-88.
    • (1994) J Trauma Stress , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 275-288
    • Paton, D.1
  • 21
    • 0030040473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress responses of emergency services personnel to the Loma prieta earthquake interstate 880 freeway collapse and control traumatic incidents
    • Marmar CR, Weiss DS, Metzler TJ, Ronfeldt HM, Foreman C. Stress responses of emergency services personnel to the Loma prieta earthquake interstate 880 freeway collapse and control traumatic incidents. J Trauma Stress. 1996; 9(1):63-85.
    • (1996) J Trauma Stress , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-85
    • Marmar, C.R.1    Weiss, D.S.2    Metzler, T.J.3    Ronfeldt, H.M.4    Foreman, C.5
  • 22
    • 84879850074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami: A preliminary matching study comparing nurses and civilians
    • Ben-Ezra M, Palgi Y, Hamama-Raz Y, Soffer Y, Shrira A. Reactions to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami: a preliminary matching study comparing nurses and civilians. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013a;201(6):534-6.
    • (2013) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.201 , Issue.6 , pp. 534-536
    • Ben-Ezra, M.1    Palgi, Y.2    Hamama-Raz, Y.3    Soffer, Y.4    Shrira, A.5
  • 23
    • 0036203555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After the Omagh bomb: Posttraumatic stress disorder in health service staff
    • Luce A, Firth-Cozens J, Midgley S, Burges C. After the Omagh bomb: posttraumatic stress disorder in health service staff. J Trauma Stress. 2002; 15(1):27-30.
    • (2002) J Trauma Stress , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-30
    • Luce, A.1    Firth-Cozens, J.2    Midgley, S.3    Burges, C.4
  • 24
    • 3242886499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassion fatigue following the september 11 terrorist attacks: A study of secondary trauma among New York city social workers
    • Boscarino JA, Figley CR, Adams RE. Compassion fatigue following the september 11 terrorist attacks: a study of secondary trauma among New York city social workers. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2004;6(2):57-66.
    • (2004) Int J Emerg Ment Health , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 57-66
    • Boscarino, J.A.1    Figley, C.R.2    Adams, R.E.3
  • 25
    • 31744448676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary traumatic stress among disaster mental health workers responding to the September 11 attacks
    • Creamer TL, Liddle BJ. Secondary traumatic stress among disaster mental health workers responding to the September 11 attacks. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):89-96.
    • (2005) J Trauma Stress , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-96
    • Creamer, T.L.1    Liddle, B.J.2
  • 26
    • 78650186577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and burnout in Pakistani earthquake recovery workers
    • Ehring T, Razik S, Emmelkamp PM. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and burnout in Pakistani earthquake recovery workers. Psychiatry Res. 2011;185(1-2):161-6.
    • (2011) Psychiatry Res , vol.185 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 161-166
    • Ehring, T.1    Razik, S.2    Emmelkamp, P.M.3
  • 29
    • 0038542108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic distress and coping strategies among rescue workers after an earthquake
    • Chang CM, Lee LC, Connor KM, Davidson JR, Jeffries K, Lai TJ. Posttraumatic distress and coping strategies among rescue workers after an earthquake. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2003;191(6):391-8.
    • (2003) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.191 , Issue.6 , pp. 391-398
    • Chang, C.M.1    Lee, L.C.2    Connor, K.M.3    Davidson, J.R.4    Jeffries, K.5    Lai, T.J.6
  • 30
    • 0028004004 scopus 로고
    • The impact of disaster support work
    • Hodgkinson PE, Shepherd MA. The impact of disaster support work. J Trauma Stress. 1994;7(4):587-600.
    • (1994) J Trauma Stress , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 587-600
    • Hodgkinson, P.E.1    Shepherd, M.A.2
  • 31
    • 0036790452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health status of human rights workers, Kosovo, June 2000
    • Holtz TH, Salama P, Lopes Cardozo B, Gotway CA. Mental health status of human rights workers, Kosovo, June 2000. J Trauma Stress. 2002;15(5):389-95.
    • (2002) J Trauma Stress , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 389-395
    • Holtz, T.H.1    Salama, P.2    Lopes Cardozo, B.3    Gotway, C.A.4
  • 32
    • 33748107215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder among relief force workers after the tsunami in Asia: Do rescuers become victims?
    • Armagan E, Engindeniz Z, Devay AO, Erdur B, Ozcakir A. Frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder among relief force workers after the tsunami in Asia: do rescuers become victims? Prehosp Disaster Med. 2006;21(3):168-72.
    • (2006) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 168-172
    • Armagan, E.1    Engindeniz, Z.2    Devay, A.O.3    Erdur, B.4    Ozcakir, A.5
  • 33
    • 69549086665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological impact upon London ambulance service of the 2005 bombings
    • Misra M, Greenberg N, Hutchinson C, Brain A, Glozier N. Psychological impact upon London ambulance service of the 2005 bombings. Occup Med. 2009;59(6):428-33.
    • (2009) Occup Med , vol.59 , Issue.6 , pp. 428-433
    • Misra, M.1    Greenberg, N.2    Hutchinson, C.3    Brain, A.4    Glozier, N.5
  • 34
    • 84906326337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges of nurses' deployment to other New York City hospitals in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy
    • VanDevanter N, Kovner CT, Raveis VH, McCollum M, Keller R. Challenges of nurses' deployment to other New York City hospitals in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. J Urban Health-Bull N Y Acad Med. 2014;91(4):603-14.
    • (2014) J Urban Health-Bull N Y Acad Med , vol.91 , Issue.4 , pp. 603-614
    • VanDevanter, N.1    Kovner, C.T.2    Raveis, V.H.3    McCollum, M.4    Keller, R.5
  • 35
    • 79953196093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of post traumatic stress disorder and risk factors in military first responders 6 months after Wen Chuan earthquake in China
    • Wang H, Jin H, Nunnink SE, Guo W, Sun J, Shi J, et al. Identification of post traumatic stress disorder and risk factors in military first responders 6 months after Wen Chuan earthquake in China. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(1-2):213-9.
    • (2011) J Affect Disord , vol.130 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 213-219
    • Wang, H.1    Jin, H.2    Nunnink, S.E.3    Guo, W.4    Sun, J.5    Shi, J.6
  • 37
    • 41549153342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The compassion fatigue scale: Its use with social workers following urban disaster
    • Adams RE, Figley CR, Boscarino JA. The compassion fatigue scale: Its use with social workers following urban disaster. Res Soc Work Pract. 2008;18(3):238-50.
    • (2008) Res Soc Work Pract , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 238-250
    • Adams, R.E.1    Figley, C.R.2    Boscarino, J.A.3
  • 38
    • 33749159554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and resilience in canine search and rescue handlers after 9/11
    • Alvarez J, Hunt M. Risk and resilience in canine search and rescue handlers after 9/11. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(5):497-505.
    • (2005) J Trauma Stress , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 497-505
    • Alvarez, J.1    Hunt, M.2
  • 39
    • 34548561531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopathological consequences after a terrorist attack: An epidemiological study among victims, the general population, and police officers
    • Gabriel R, Ferrando L, Corton ES, Mingote C, Garcia-Camba E, Liria AF, et al. Psychopathological consequences after a terrorist attack: an epidemiological study among victims, the general population, and police officers. Eur Psychiatry. 2007;22(6):339-46.
    • (2007) Eur Psychiatry , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 339-346
    • Gabriel, R.1    Ferrando, L.2    Corton, E.S.3    Mingote, C.4    Garcia-Camba, E.5    Liria, A.F.6
  • 40
    • 0027893381 scopus 로고
    • The psychological impact of an earthquake on rescue workers: A follow-up study of the Swedish group of rescue workers in Armenia, 1988
    • Lundin T, Bodegard M. The psychological impact of an earthquake on rescue workers: a follow-up study of the Swedish group of rescue workers in Armenia, 1988. J Trauma Stress. 1993;6(1):129-39.
    • (1993) J Trauma Stress , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-139
    • Lundin, T.1    Bodegard, M.2
  • 41
    • 67049116257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stressful but rewarding: Norwegian personnel mobilised for the 2004 tsunami disaster
    • Thoresen S, Tonnessen A, Lindgaard CV, Andreassen AL, Weisaeth L. Stressful but rewarding: Norwegian personnel mobilised for the 2004 tsunami disaster. Disasters. 2009;33(3):353-68.
    • (2009) Disasters , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-368
    • Thoresen, S.1    Tonnessen, A.2    Lindgaard, C.V.3    Andreassen, A.L.4    Weisaeth, L.5
  • 42
    • 3042732523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire fighters' cognitive appraisals of job concerns, threats to well-being, and social support before and after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001
    • Murphy SA, Johnson LC, Beaton RD. Fire fighters' cognitive appraisals of job concerns, threats to well-being, and social support before and after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. J Loss Trauma. 2004;9(3):269-83.
    • (2004) J Loss Trauma , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 269-283
    • Murphy, S.A.1    Johnson, L.C.2    Beaton, R.D.3
  • 43
    • 84895730307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder and community collective efficacy following the 2004 Florida hurricanes
    • Ursano RJ, McKibben JB, Reissman DB, Liu X, Wang L, Sampson RJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and community collective efficacy following the 2004 Florida hurricanes. PLoS One. 2014;9(2), e88467.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. e88467
    • Ursano, R.J.1    McKibben, J.B.2    Reissman, D.B.3    Liu, X.4    Wang, L.5    Sampson, R.J.6
  • 44
    • 0346270390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing experienced distress and attitude toward trauma by emergency medicine practitioners
    • Warren T, Lee S, Saunders S. Factors influencing experienced distress and attitude toward trauma by emergency medicine practitioners. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2003;10(4):293-6.
    • (2003) J Clin Psychol Med Settings , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 293-296
    • Warren, T.1    Lee, S.2    Saunders, S.3
  • 45
    • 27744599978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic reactions among rescue personnel 96 hours after the Hilton Hotel bombing in Sinai: The effect of previous exposure
    • Ben-Ezra M, Essar N, Saar R. Post-traumatic reactions among rescue personnel 96 hours after the Hilton Hotel bombing in Sinai: The effect of previous exposure. Stress Health. 2005;21(4):269-72.
    • (2005) Stress Health , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 269-272
    • Ben-Ezra, M.1    Essar, N.2    Saar, R.3
  • 46
    • 3343003565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in disaster of rescue workers
    • Fullerton CS, Ursano RJ, Wang L. Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in disaster of rescue workers. Am J Psychiatr. 2004; 161(8):1370-6.
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatr , vol.161 , Issue.8 , pp. 1370-1376
    • Fullerton, C.S.1    Ursano, R.J.2    Wang, L.3
  • 47
    • 0036014481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of psychological distress with psychological factors in rescue workers within two months after a major earthquake
    • Liao SC, Lee MB, Lee YJ, Weng T, Shih FY, Ma MH. Association of psychological distress with psychological factors in rescue workers within two months after a major earthquake. J Formos Med Assoc. 2002;101(3): 169-76.
    • (2002) J Formos Med Assoc , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-176
    • Liao, S.C.1    Lee, M.B.2    Lee, Y.J.3    Weng, T.4    Shih, F.Y.5    Ma, M.H.6
  • 48
    • 0023266523 scopus 로고
    • Life events and psychiatric disorder: The role of a natural disaster
    • McFarlane AC. Life events and psychiatric disorder: the role of a natural disaster. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;151:362-7.
    • (1987) Br J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 362-367
    • McFarlane, A.C.1
  • 49
    • 0037624041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body handlers after terrorism in Oklahoma City: Predictors of posttraumatic stress and other symptoms
    • Tucker P, Pfefferbaum B, Doughty DE, Jones DE. Body handlers after terrorism in Oklahoma City: predictors of posttraumatic stress and other symptoms. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2002;72(4):469-75.
    • (2002) Am J Orthopsychiatry , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 469-475
    • Tucker, P.1    Pfefferbaum, B.2    Doughty, D.E.3    Jones, D.E.4
  • 50
    • 84863037053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder of Red cross nurses in the aftermath of the 2008 Wenchuan China earthquake
    • Zhen Y, Huang ZQ, Jin J, Deng XY, Zhang LP, Wang JG. Posttraumatic stress disorder of Red cross nurses in the aftermath of the 2008 Wenchuan China earthquake. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2012;26(1):63-70.
    • (2012) Arch Psychiatr Nurs , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-70
    • Zhen, Y.1    Huang, Z.Q.2    Jin, J.3    Deng, X.Y.4    Zhang, L.P.5    Wang, J.G.6
  • 51
    • 84866342503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among international humanitarian aid workers: A longitudinal study
    • Cardozo BL, Crawford CG, Eriksson C, Zhu J, Sabin M, Ager A, et al. Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among international humanitarian aid workers: a longitudinal study. PLoS One. 2012;7(9), e44948.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. e44948
    • Cardozo, B.L.1    Crawford, C.G.2    Eriksson, C.3    Zhu, J.4    Sabin, M.5    Ager, A.6
  • 52
    • 79952586592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in utility workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11, 2001
    • Cukor J, Wyka K, Jayasinghe N, Weathers F, Giosan C, Leck P, et al. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in utility workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11, 2001. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(3):210-7.
    • (2011) Depress Anxiety , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 210-217
    • Cukor, J.1    Wyka, K.2    Jayasinghe, N.3    Weathers, F.4    Giosan, C.5    Leck, P.6
  • 53
    • 67649964178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability and posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster relief workers responding to September 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster
    • Evans S, Patt I, Giosan C, Spielman L, Difede JA. Disability and posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster relief workers responding to September 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster. J Clin Psychol. 2009;65(7):684-94.
    • (2009) J Clin Psychol , vol.65 , Issue.7 , pp. 684-694
    • Evans, S.1    Patt, I.2    Giosan, C.3    Spielman, L.4    Difede, J.A.5
  • 55
    • 80052725606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder among employees of New York City companies affected by the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center
    • North CS, Pollio DE, Smith RP, King RV, Pandya A, Suris AM, et al. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder among employees of New York City companies affected by the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2011;5 Suppl 2:S205-213.
    • (2011) Disaster Med Public Health Prep , vol.5 , pp. S205-S213
    • North, C.S.1    Pollio, D.E.2    Smith, R.P.3    King, R.V.4    Pandya, A.5    Suris, A.M.6
  • 56
    • 84889787866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of PTSD risk and resilience in World Trade Center responders: An 8-year prospective cohort study
    • Pietrzak RH, Feder A, Singh R, Schechter CB, Bromet EJ, Katz CL, et al. Trajectories of PTSD risk and resilience in World Trade Center responders: an 8-year prospective cohort study. Psychol Med. 2014;44(1):205-19.
    • (2014) Psychol Med , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 205-219
    • Pietrzak, R.H.1    Feder, A.2    Singh, R.3    Schechter, C.B.4    Bromet, E.J.5    Katz, C.L.6
  • 58
    • 0031748938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder following an air disaster: A prospective study
    • Epstein RS, Fullerton CS, Ursano RJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder following an air disaster: a prospective study. Am J Psychiatr. 1998;155(7):934-8.
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatr , vol.155 , Issue.7 , pp. 934-938
    • Epstein, R.S.1    Fullerton, C.S.2    Ursano, R.J.3
  • 59
    • 0023846381 scopus 로고
    • The aetiology of post-traumatic stress disorders following a natural disaster
    • McFarlane AC. The aetiology of post-traumatic stress disorders following a natural disaster. Br J Psychiatry. 1988a;152:116-21.
    • (1988) Br J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 116-121
    • McFarlane, A.C.1
  • 60
    • 0026446304 scopus 로고
    • Multiple diagnoses in posttraumatic stress disorder in the victims of a natural disaster
    • McFarlane AC, Papay P. Multiple diagnoses in posttraumatic stress disorder in the victims of a natural disaster. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992;180(8):498-504.
    • (1992) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.180 , Issue.8 , pp. 498-504
    • McFarlane, A.C.1    Papay, P.2
  • 61
    • 84862007988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of full and subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder among police involved in the World Trade Center rescue and recovery effort
    • Pietrzak RH, Schechter CB, Bromet EJ, Katz CL, Reissman DB, Ozbay F, et al. The burden of full and subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder among police involved in the World Trade Center rescue and recovery effort. J Psychiatr Res. 2012;46(7):835-42.
    • (2012) J Psychiatr Res , vol.46 , Issue.7 , pp. 835-842
    • Pietrzak, R.H.1    Schechter, C.B.2    Bromet, E.J.3    Katz, C.L.4    Reissman, D.B.5    Ozbay, F.6
  • 62
    • 80053135440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared traumatic stress and the long-term impact of 9/11 on Manhattan clinicians
    • Tosone C, McTighe JP, Bauwens J, Naturale A. Shared traumatic stress and the long-term impact of 9/11 on Manhattan clinicians. J Trauma Stress. 2011;24(5):546-52.
    • (2011) J Trauma Stress , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 546-552
    • Tosone, C.1    McTighe, J.P.2    Bauwens, J.3    Naturale, A.4
  • 63
    • 0141669106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute stress disorder, alcohol use, and perception of safety among hospital staff after the sniper attacks
    • Grieger TA, Fullerton CS, Ursano RJ, Reeves JJ. Acute stress disorder, alcohol use, and perception of safety among hospital staff after the sniper attacks. Psychiatr Serv. 2003;54(10):1383-7.
    • (2003) Psychiatr Serv , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 1383-1387
    • Grieger, T.A.1    Fullerton, C.S.2    Ursano, R.J.3    Reeves, J.J.4
  • 64
    • 68349117223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma and posttraumatic stress symptoms 5 to 6 years following exposure to the world trade center terrorist attack
    • Brackbill RM, Hadler JL, DiGrande L, Ekenga CC, Farfel MR, Friedman S, et al. Asthma and posttraumatic stress symptoms 5 to 6 years following exposure to the world trade center terrorist attack. JAMA. 2009;302(5):502-16.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , Issue.5 , pp. 502-516
    • Brackbill, R.M.1    Hadler, J.L.2    DiGrande, L.3    Ekenga, C.C.4    Farfel, M.R.5    Friedman, S.6
  • 65
    • 0021866286 scopus 로고
    • The psychological impact of disaster on rescue personnel
    • Durham TW, McCammon SL, Allison Jr EJ. The psychological impact of disaster on rescue personnel. Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14(7):664-8.
    • (1985) Ann Emerg Med , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 664-668
    • Durham, T.W.1    McCammon, S.L.2    Allison, E.J.3
  • 66
    • 33749498916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term health complaints following the Amsterdam Air disaster in police officers and fire-fighters
    • Huizink AC, Slottje P, Witteveen AB, Bijlsma JA, Twisk JWR, Smidt N, et al. Long term health complaints following the Amsterdam Air disaster in police officers and fire-fighters. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63(10):657-62.
    • (2006) Occup Environ Med , vol.63 , Issue.10 , pp. 657-662
    • Huizink, A.C.1    Slottje, P.2    Witteveen, A.B.3    Bijlsma, J.A.4    Twisk, J.W.R.5    Smidt, N.6
  • 68
    • 33846226439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological distress among American Red cross disaster workers responding to the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001
    • Long ME, Meyer DL, Jacobs GA. Psychological distress among American Red cross disaster workers responding to the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001. Psychiatry Res. 2007;149(1-3):303-8.
    • (2007) Psychiatry Res , vol.149 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 303-308
    • Long, M.E.1    Meyer, D.L.2    Jacobs, G.A.3
  • 69
    • 84888014125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social integration buffers stress in New York police after the 9/11 terrorist attack
    • Schwarzer R, Bowler RM, Cone JE. Social integration buffers stress in New York police after the 9/11 terrorist attack. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2014;27(1):18-26.
    • (2014) Anxiety Stress Coping , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-26
    • Schwarzer, R.1    Bowler, R.M.2    Cone, J.E.3
  • 70
    • 44349090919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-disaster physical symptoms of firefighters and police officers: Role of types of exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms
    • Slottje P, Witteveen AB, Twisk JWR, Smidt N, Huizink AC, van Mechelen W, et al. Post-disaster physical symptoms of firefighters and police officers: role of types of exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Br J Health Psychol. 2008;13(2):327-42.
    • (2008) Br J Health Psychol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-342
    • Slottje, P.1    Witteveen, A.B.2    Twisk, J.W.R.3    Smidt, N.4    Huizink, A.C.5    van Mechelen, W.6
  • 71
    • 84895166732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout among therapists working with persons with autism after the 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy: A longitudinal comparative study
    • Valenti M, La Malfa G, Tomassini A, Masedu F, Tiberti S, Sorge G. Burnout among therapists working with persons with autism after the 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy: a longitudinal comparative study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2014;21(3):234-40.
    • (2014) J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-240
    • Valenti, M.1    La Malfa, G.2    Tomassini, A.3    Masedu, F.4    Tiberti, S.5    Sorge, G.6
  • 72
    • 84894051730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatization and psychiatric symptoms among hospital nurses exposed to war stressors
    • Ben-Ezra M, Palgi Y, Shrira A, Hamama-Raz Y. Somatization and psychiatric symptoms among hospital nurses exposed to war stressors. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2013b;50(3):182-7.
    • (2013) Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 182-187
    • Ben-Ezra, M.1    Palgi, Y.2    Shrira, A.3    Hamama-Raz, Y.4
  • 73
    • 0024308522 scopus 로고
    • The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers: A prospective study
    • Bartone PT, Ursano RJ, Wright KM, Ingraham LH. The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers: a prospective study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1989;177(6):317-28.
    • (1989) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.177 , Issue.6 , pp. 317-328
    • Bartone, P.T.1    Ursano, R.J.2    Wright, K.M.3    Ingraham, L.H.4
  • 74
    • 79952807291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating risk factors and possible mediation effects in posttraumatic depression and posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity
    • Chiu S, Niles JK, Webber MP, Zeig-Owens R, Gustave J, Lee R, et al. Evaluating risk factors and possible mediation effects in posttraumatic depression and posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity. Public Health Rep. 2011;126(2):201-9.
    • (2011) Public Health Rep , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-209
    • Chiu, S.1    Niles, J.K.2    Webber, M.P.3    Zeig-Owens, R.4    Gustave, J.5    Lee, R.6
  • 75
    • 73349115604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computerized, self-administered questionnaire to evaluate posttraumatic stress among firefighters after the World Trade Center collapse
    • Corrigan M, McWilliams R, Kelly KJ, Niles J, Cammarata C, Jones K, et al. A computerized, self-administered questionnaire to evaluate posttraumatic stress among firefighters after the World Trade Center collapse. Am J Public Health. 2009;99 Suppl 3:S702-709.
    • (2009) Am J Public Health , vol.99 , pp. S702-S709
    • Corrigan, M.1    McWilliams, R.2    Kelly, K.J.3    Niles, J.4    Cammarata, C.5    Jones, K.6
  • 77
    • 0032926696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal course and predictors of continuing distress following critical incident exposure in emergency services personnel
    • Marmar CR, Weiss DS, Metzler TJ, Delucchi KL, Best SR, Wentworth KA. Longitudinal course and predictors of continuing distress following critical incident exposure in emergency services personnel. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999;187(1):15-22.
    • (1999) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.187 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Marmar, C.R.1    Weiss, D.S.2    Metzler, T.J.3    Delucchi, K.L.4    Best, S.R.5    Wentworth, K.A.6
  • 78
    • 84886409687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational factors and mental health in community volunteers. The role of exposure, preparation, training, tasks assigned, and support
    • Thormar SB, Gersons BPR, Juen B, Djakababa MN, Karlsson T, Olff M. Organizational factors and mental health in community volunteers. The role of exposure, preparation, training, tasks assigned, and support. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2013;26(6):624-42.
    • (2013) Anxiety Stress Coping , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 624-642
    • Thormar, S.B.1    Gersons, B.P.R.2    Juen, B.3    Djakababa, M.N.4    Karlsson, T.5    Olff, M.6
  • 79
    • 84858336425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal mental health impact among police responders to the 9/11 terrorist attack
    • Bowler RM, Harris M, Li J, Gocheva V, Stellman SD, Wilson K, et al. Longitudinal mental health impact among police responders to the 9/11 terrorist attack. Am J Ind Med. 2012;55(4):297-312.
    • (2012) Am J Ind Med , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 297-312
    • Bowler, R.M.1    Harris, M.2    Li, J.3    Gocheva, V.4    Stellman, S.D.5    Wilson, K.6
  • 80
    • 20444442770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mental health of expatriate and Kosovar Albanian humanitarian aid workers
    • Cardozo BL, Holtz TH, Kaiser R, Gotway CA, Ghitis F, Toomey E, et al. The mental health of expatriate and Kosovar Albanian humanitarian aid workers. Disasters. 2005;29(2):152-70.
    • (2005) Disasters , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-170
    • Cardozo, B.L.1    Holtz, T.H.2    Kaiser, R.3    Gotway, C.A.4    Ghitis, F.5    Toomey, E.6
  • 81
    • 0023867371 scopus 로고
    • The longitudinal course of posttraumatic morbidity. The range of outcomes and their predictors
    • McFarlane AC. The longitudinal course of posttraumatic morbidity. The range of outcomes and their predictors. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1988b;176(1):30-9.
    • (1988) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.176 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-39
    • McFarlane, A.C.1
  • 82
    • 33846173005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related quality of life of firefighters and police officers 8.5 years after the air disaster in Amsterdam
    • Slottje PL, Twisk JWR, Smidt N, Huizink AC, Witteveen AB, van Mechelen W, et al. Health-related quality of life of firefighters and police officers 8.5 years after the air disaster in Amsterdam. Qual Life Res. 2007;16(2):239-52.
    • (2007) Qual Life Res , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-252
    • Slottje, P.L.1    Twisk, J.W.R.2    Smidt, N.3    Huizink, A.C.4    Witteveen, A.B.5    van Mechelen, W.6
  • 83
    • 84889874892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder status in a rescue group after the Wenchuan earthquake relief
    • Huang J, Liu Q, Li J, Li X, You J, Zhang L, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder status in a rescue group after the Wenchuan earthquake relief. Neural Reg Res. 2013;8(20):1898-906.
    • (2013) Neural Reg Res , vol.8 , Issue.20 , pp. 1898-1906
    • Huang, J.1    Liu, Q.2    Li, J.3    Li, X.4    You, J.5    Zhang, L.6
  • 84
    • 36048946635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects in New York State personnel who responded to the World Trade Center disaster
    • Mauer MP, Cummings KR, Carlson GA. Health effects in New York State personnel who responded to the World Trade Center disaster. J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49(11):1197-205.
    • (2007) J Occup Environ Med , vol.49 , Issue.11 , pp. 1197-1205
    • Mauer, M.P.1    Cummings, K.R.2    Carlson, G.A.3
  • 85
    • 84922276861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological effects of disaster relief activities on Japan Ground Self-Defense Force personnel following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
    • Dobashi K, Nagamine M, Shigemura J, Tsunoda T, Shimizu K, Yoshino A, et al. Psychological effects of disaster relief activities on Japan Ground Self-Defense Force personnel following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Psychiatry Int Biol Process. 2014;77(2):190-8.
    • (2014) Psychiatry Int Biol Process , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-198
    • Dobashi, K.1    Nagamine, M.2    Shigemura, J.3    Tsunoda, T.4    Shimizu, K.5    Yoshino, A.6
  • 86
    • 33746464405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological sequelae among World Trade Center clean up and recovery workers
    • Gross R, Neria Y, Tao XG, Massa J, Ashwell L, Davis K, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological sequelae among World Trade Center clean up and recovery workers. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1071:495-9.
    • (2006) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1071 , pp. 495-499
    • Gross, R.1    Neria, Y.2    Tao, X.G.3    Massa, J.4    Ashwell, L.5    Davis, K.6
  • 87
    • 0346724866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relations of PTSD symptoms to alcohol use and coping drinking in volunteers who responded to the Swissair Flight 111 airline disaster
    • Stewart SH, Mitchell TL, Wright KD, Loba P. The relations of PTSD symptoms to alcohol use and coping drinking in volunteers who responded to the Swissair Flight 111 airline disaster. J Anxiety Disord. 2004;18(1):51-68.
    • (2004) J Anxiety Disord , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-68
    • Stewart, S.H.1    Mitchell, T.L.2    Wright, K.D.3    Loba, P.4
  • 89
    • 33846285394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological distress of rescue workers eight and one-half years after professional involvement in the Amsterdam air disaster
    • Witteveen AB, Bramsen I, Twisk JW, Huizink AC, Slottje P, Smid T, et al. Psychological distress of rescue workers eight and one-half years after professional involvement in the Amsterdam air disaster. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(1):31-40.
    • (2007) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.195 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-40
    • Witteveen, A.B.1    Bramsen, I.2    Twisk, J.W.3    Huizink, A.C.4    Slottje, P.5    Smid, T.6
  • 90
    • 0026045725 scopus 로고
    • Reactions of police officers to body-handling after a major disaster. A before-and-after comparison
    • Alexander DA, Wells A. Reactions of police officers to body-handling after a major disaster. A before-and-after comparison. Br J Psychiatry. 1991;159:547-55.
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 547-555
    • Alexander, D.A.1    Wells, A.2
  • 91
    • 84920550901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Professionals' double exposure in the shared traumatic reality of wartime: Contributions to professional growth and stress
    • Baum N. Professionals' double exposure in the shared traumatic reality of wartime: contributions to professional growth and stress. Br J Soc Work. 2014;44(8):2113-34.
    • (2014) Br J Soc Work , vol.44 , Issue.8 , pp. 2113-2134
    • Baum, N.1
  • 92
    • 84903987476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health distress and related factors among prefectural public servants seven months after the great East Japan Earthquake
    • Suzuki Y, Fukasawa M, Obara A, Kim Y. Mental health distress and related factors among prefectural public servants seven months after the great East Japan Earthquake. J Epidemiol. 2014;24(4):287-94.
    • (2014) J Epidemiol , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 287-294
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Fukasawa, M.2    Obara, A.3    Kim, Y.4
  • 93
    • 84911985288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activities and health status of dispatched public health nurses after the Great East Japan Earthquake
    • Yokoyama Y, Hirano K, Sato M, Abe A, Uebayashi M, Kishi E, et al. Activities and health status of dispatched public health nurses after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Public Health Nurs. 2014;31(6):537-44.
    • (2014) Public Health Nurs , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 537-544
    • Yokoyama, Y.1    Hirano, K.2    Sato, M.3    Abe, A.4    Uebayashi, M.5    Kishi, E.6
  • 94
    • 84859246599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure, probable PTSD and lower respiratory illness among World Trade Center rescue, recovery and clean-up workers
    • Luft BJ, Schechter C, Kotov R, Broihier J, Reissman D, Guerrera K, et al. Exposure, probable PTSD and lower respiratory illness among World Trade Center rescue, recovery and clean-up workers. Psychol Med. 2012;42(5):1069-79.
    • (2012) Psychol Med , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 1069-1079
    • Luft, B.J.1    Schechter, C.2    Kotov, R.3    Broihier, J.4    Reissman, D.5    Guerrera, K.6
  • 95
    • 54149083383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enduring mental health morbidity and social function impairment in World Trade Center rescue, recovery, and cleanup workers: The psychological dimension of an environmental health disaster
    • Stellman JM, Smith RP, Katz CL, Sharma V, Charney DS, Herbert R, et al. Enduring mental health morbidity and social function impairment in World Trade Center rescue, recovery, and cleanup workers: the psychological dimension of an environmental health disaster. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116(9):1248-53.
    • (2008) Environ Health Perspect , vol.116 , Issue.9 , pp. 1248-1253
    • Stellman, J.M.1    Smith, R.P.2    Katz, C.L.3    Sharma, V.4    Charney, D.S.5    Herbert, R.6
  • 96
    • 0031446930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for long-term mental and psychosomatic distress in Latvian Chernobyl liquidators
    • Viel JF, Curbakova E, Dzerve B, Eglite M, Zvagule T, Vincent C. Risk factors for long-term mental and psychosomatic distress in Latvian Chernobyl liquidators. Environ Health Perspect. 1997;105(6):1539-44.
    • (1997) Environ Health Perspect , vol.105 , Issue.6 , pp. 1539-1544
    • Viel, J.F.1    Curbakova, E.2    Dzerve, B.3    Eglite, M.4    Zvagule, T.5    Vincent, C.6
  • 97
    • 77955623204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends of elevated PTSD risk in firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster: 2001-2005
    • Berninger A, Webber MP, Cohen HW, Gustave J, Lee R, Niles JK, et al. Trends of elevated PTSD risk in firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster: 2001-2005. Public Health Rep. 2010a;125(4):556-66.
    • (2010) Public Health Rep , vol.125 , Issue.4 , pp. 556-566
    • Berninger, A.1    Webber, M.P.2    Cohen, H.W.3    Gustave, J.4    Lee, R.5    Niles, J.K.6
  • 98
    • 78649598848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of probable post-traumatic stress disorder in firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster
    • Berninger A, Webber MP, Niles JK, Gustave J, Lee R, Cohen HW, et al. Longitudinal study of probable post-traumatic stress disorder in firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster. Am J Ind Med. 2010b;53(12): 1177-85.
    • (2010) Am J Ind Med , vol.53 , Issue.12 , pp. 1177-1185
    • Berninger, A.1    Webber, M.P.2    Niles, J.K.3    Gustave, J.4    Lee, R.5    Cohen, H.W.6
  • 99
    • 0029443095 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of stress, experienced by rescue workers in the highland towers condominium collapse to probable risk factors-a preliminary report
    • Saroja KI, Kasmini K, Muhamad S, Zulkifli G. Relationship of stress, experienced by rescue workers in the highland towers condominium collapse to probable risk factors-a preliminary report. Med J Malaya. 1995; 50(4):326-9.
    • (1995) Med J Malaya , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 326-329
    • Saroja, K.I.1    Kasmini, K.2    Muhamad, S.3    Zulkifli, G.4
  • 100
    • 80052770398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in probable PTSD in firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster, 2001-2010
    • Soo J, Webber MP, Gustave J, Lee R, Hall CB, Cohen HW, et al. Trends in probable PTSD in firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster, 2001-2010. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2011;5(2):S197-203.
    • (2011) Disaster Med Public Health Prep , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. S197-S203
    • Soo, J.1    Webber, M.P.2    Gustave, J.3    Lee, R.4    Hall, C.B.5    Cohen, H.W.6
  • 101
    • 33749170516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in rescue workers in the Marmara, Turkey, earthquake
    • Cetin M, Kose S, Ebrinc S, Yigit S, Elhai JD, Basoglu C. Identification and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in rescue workers in the Marmara, Turkey, earthquake. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(5):485-9.
    • (2005) J Trauma Stress , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 485-489
    • Cetin, M.1    Kose, S.2    Ebrinc, S.3    Yigit, S.4    Elhai, J.D.5    Basoglu, C.6
  • 102
    • 0033013776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder and identification in disaster workers
    • Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Vance K, Kao TC. Posttraumatic stress disorder and identification in disaster workers. Am J Psychiatr. 1999;156(3):353-9.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatr , vol.156 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-359
    • Ursano, R.J.1    Fullerton, C.S.2    Vance, K.3    Kao, T.C.4
  • 103
    • 32044458383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health of volunteer firefighters three years after a technological disaster
    • Morren M, Yzermans CJ, van Nispen RM, Wevers SJ. The health of volunteer firefighters three years after a technological disaster. J Occup Health. 2005; 47(6):523-32.
    • (2005) J Occup Health , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 523-532
    • Morren, M.1    Yzermans, C.J.2    van Nispen, R.M.3    Wevers, S.J.4
  • 104
    • 33748500834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short communication: The association between peritraumatic dissociation and acute stress reactions among rescue personnel 36-48 h after a gas pipe explosion in Tel-Aviv: A preliminary report
    • Ben-Ezra M, Essar N, Saar R. Short communication: the association between peritraumatic dissociation and acute stress reactions among rescue personnel 36-48 h after a gas pipe explosion in Tel-Aviv: a preliminary report. Stress Health. 2006a;22(3):197-201.
    • (2006) Stress Health , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-201
    • Ben-Ezra, M.1    Essar, N.2    Saar, R.3
  • 105
    • 33846058317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short communication: Post-traumatic reactions among rescue personnel before and after exposure to trauma: A brief report
    • Ben-Ezra M, Essar N, Saar R. Short communication: post-traumatic reactions among rescue personnel before and after exposure to trauma: a brief report. Stress Health. 2006b;22(5):337-40.
    • (2006) Stress Health , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 337-340
    • Ben-Ezra, M.1    Essar, N.2    Saar, R.3
  • 106
    • 0028033897 scopus 로고
    • A shooting incident in an elementary school: Effects of worker stress on public safety, mental health, and medical personnel
    • Sloan IH, Rozensky RH, Kaplan L, Saunders SM. A shooting incident in an elementary school: effects of worker stress on public safety, mental health, and medical personnel. J Trauma Stress. 1994;7(4):565-74.
    • (1994) J Trauma Stress , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-574
    • Sloan, I.H.1    Rozensky, R.H.2    Kaplan, L.3    Saunders, S.M.4
  • 107
    • 84861156455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concern over radiation exposure and psychological distress among rescue workers following the Great East Japan Earthquake
    • Matsuoka Y, Nishi D, Nakaya N, Sone T, Noguchi H, Hamazaki K, et al. Concern over radiation exposure and psychological distress among rescue workers following the Great East Japan Earthquake. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:249.
    • (2012) BMC Public Health , vol.12 , pp. 249
    • Matsuoka, Y.1    Nishi, D.2    Nakaya, N.3    Sone, T.4    Noguchi, H.5    Hamazaki, K.6
  • 108
    • 58149158000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anger and posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster relief workers exposed to the september 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster: One-year follow-up study
    • Jayasinghe N, Giosan C, Evans S, Spielman L, Difede J. Anger and posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster relief workers exposed to the september 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster: One-year follow-up study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008;196(11):844-6.
    • (2008) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.196 , Issue.11 , pp. 844-846
    • Jayasinghe, N.1    Giosan, C.2    Evans, S.3    Spielman, L.4    Difede, J.5
  • 109
    • 77952983396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among health care workers in earthquake-affected areas in Southwest China
    • Wang L, Zhang J, Zho M, Shi Z, Liu P. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among health care workers in earthquake-affected areas in Southwest China. Psychol Rep. 2010;106(2):555-61.
    • (2010) Psychol Rep , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 555-561
    • Wang, L.1    Zhang, J.2    Zho, M.3    Shi, Z.4    Liu, P.5
  • 110
    • 33947255988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms among firefighters and related factors after the response to Hurricane Katrina
    • Tak S, Driscoll R, Bernard B, West C. Depressive symptoms among firefighters and related factors after the response to Hurricane Katrina. J Urban Health. 2007;84(2):153-61.
    • (2007) J Urban Health , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-161
    • Tak, S.1    Driscoll, R.2    Bernard, B.3    West, C.4
  • 111
    • 31544445329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping, routine activities, and recovery from acute distress among emergency medical personnel after a mass shooting incident
    • Jenkins SR. Coping, routine activities, and recovery from acute distress among emergency medical personnel after a mass shooting incident. Curr Psychol. 1997a;16(1):3-19.
    • (1997) Curr Psychol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-19
    • Jenkins, S.R.1
  • 112
    • 0031482055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping and social support among emergency dispatchers: Hurricane Andrew
    • Jenkins SR. Coping and social support among emergency dispatchers: Hurricane Andrew. J Soc Behav Pers. 1997b;12(1):201-16.
    • (1997) J Soc Behav Pers , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 201-216
    • Jenkins, S.R.1
  • 113
    • 21344464183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social support and debriefing efficacy among emergency medical workers after a mass shooting incident
    • Jenkins SR. Social support and debriefing efficacy among emergency medical workers after a mass shooting incident. J Soc Behav Per. 1996;11(3):477-92.
    • (1996) J Soc Behav Per , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 477-492
    • Jenkins, S.R.1
  • 114
    • 84855524807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between psychosocial factors and psychological trauma symptoms among rescue personnel
    • Soffer Y, Wolf JJ, Ben-Ezra M. Correlations between psychosocial factors and psychological trauma symptoms among rescue personnel. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2011;26(3):166-9.
    • (2011) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 166-169
    • Soffer, Y.1    Wolf, J.J.2    Ben-Ezra, M.3
  • 115
    • 84905511595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to extraorganizational stressors: Impact on mental health and organizational perceptions for police officers
    • Biggs A, Brough P, Barbour JP. Exposure to extraorganizational stressors: impact on mental health and organizational perceptions for police officers. Int J Stress Manag. 2014;21(3):255-82.
    • (2014) Int J Stress Manag , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-282
    • Biggs, A.1    Brough, P.2    Barbour, J.P.3
  • 116
    • 0346957015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social network as a moderator in the relation between trauma exposure and trauma reaction: A survey among UN soldiers and relief workers
    • Kaspersen M, Matthiesen SB, Gotestam KG. Social network as a moderator in the relation between trauma exposure and trauma reaction: A survey among UN soldiers and relief workers. Scand J Psychol. 2003;44(5):415-23.
    • (2003) Scand J Psychol , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 415-423
    • Kaspersen, M.1    Matthiesen, S.B.2    Gotestam, K.G.3
  • 117
    • 84909639019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of disaster work on community volunteers: The role of peri-traumatic distress, level of personal affectedness, sleep quality and resource loss, on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and subjective health
    • Thormar SB, Gersons BPR, Juen B, Djakababa MN, Karlsson T, Olff M. The impact of disaster work on community volunteers: the role of peri-traumatic distress, level of personal affectedness, sleep quality and resource loss, on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and subjective health. J Anxiety Disord. 2014;28(8):971-7.
    • (2014) J Anxiety Disord , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 971-977
    • Thormar, S.B.1    Gersons, B.P.R.2    Juen, B.3    Djakababa, M.N.4    Karlsson, T.5    Olff, M.6
  • 118
    • 0023915904 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between psychiatric impairment and a natural disaster: The role of distress
    • McFarlane AC. Relationship between psychiatric impairment and a natural disaster: the role of distress. Psychol Med. 1988c;18(1):129-39.
    • (1988) Psychol Med , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-139
    • McFarlane, A.C.1
  • 119
    • 33745386229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anger and its association to distress and social/occupational functioning in symptomatic disaster relief workers responding to the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center Disaster
    • Evans S, Giosan C, Patt I, Spielman L, Difede J. Anger and its association to distress and social/occupational functioning in symptomatic disaster relief workers responding to the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center Disaster. J Trauma Stress. 2006;19(1):147-52.
    • (2006) J Trauma Stress , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 147-152
    • Evans, S.1    Giosan, C.2    Patt, I.3    Spielman, L.4    Difede, J.5
  • 120
    • 84865847476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peritraumatic distress, watching television, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among rescue workers after the Great East Japan earthquake
    • Nishi D, Koido Y, Nakaya N, Sone T, Noguchi H, Hamazaki K, et al. Peritraumatic distress, watching television, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among rescue workers after the Great East Japan earthquake. PLoS One. 2012;7(4), e35248.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. e35248
    • Nishi, D.1    Koido, Y.2    Nakaya, N.3    Sone, T.4    Noguchi, H.5    Hamazaki, K.6
  • 121
    • 0036224450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incident-related stressors, locus of control, coping, and psychological distress among firefighters in Northern Ireland
    • Brown J, Mulhern G, Joseph S. Incident-related stressors, locus of control, coping, and psychological distress among firefighters in Northern Ireland. J Trauma Stress. 2002;15(2):161-8.
    • (2002) J Trauma Stress , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-168
    • Brown, J.1    Mulhern, G.2    Joseph, S.3
  • 122
    • 33645158059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The positive and negative effects of disaster work: A preliminary investigation
    • Linley PA, Joseph S. The positive and negative effects of disaster work: a preliminary investigation. J Loss Trauma. 2006;11(3):229-45.
    • (2006) J Loss Trauma , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-245
    • Linley, P.A.1    Joseph, S.2
  • 123
    • 84857147976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of posttraumatic stress and growth in tsunami relief volunteers
    • Bhushan B, Kumar JS. A study of posttraumatic stress and growth in tsunami relief volunteers. J Loss Trauma. 2012;17(2):113-24.
    • (2012) J Loss Trauma , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-124
    • Bhushan, B.1    Kumar, J.S.2
  • 124
    • 39649106893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification effects of coping on post-traumatic morbidity among earthquake rescuers
    • Chang CM, Lee LC, Connor KM, Davidson JR, Lai TJ. Modification effects of coping on post-traumatic morbidity among earthquake rescuers. Psychiatry Res. 2008;158(2):164-71.
    • (2008) Psychiatry Res , vol.158 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-171
    • Chang, C.M.1    Lee, L.C.2    Connor, K.M.3    Davidson, J.R.4    Lai, T.J.5
  • 125
    • 78249251466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cluster randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of trauma risk management (TRiM) in a military population
    • Greenberg N, Langston V, Everitt B, Iversen A, Fear NT, Jones N, et al. A cluster randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of trauma risk management (TRiM) in a military population. J Trauma Stress. 2010;23(4):430-6.
    • (2010) J Trauma Stress , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 430-436
    • Greenberg, N.1    Langston, V.2    Everitt, B.3    Iversen, A.4    Fear, N.T.5    Jones, N.6
  • 127
    • 34748819325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma and the military: Evaluation of a PTSD psychoeducational program
    • Gould M, Greenberg N, Hetherton J. Stigma and the military: Evaluation of a PTSD psychoeducational program. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(4):505-15.
    • (2007) J Trauma Stress , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 505-515
    • Gould, M.1    Greenberg, N.2    Hetherton, J.3
  • 128
    • 84964903336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking in railway workers
    • Sage CAM, Brooks SK, Jones N, Greenberg N. Attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking in railway workers. Occup Med. 2016;66:118-21.
    • (2016) Occup Med , vol.66 , pp. 118-121
    • Sage, C.A.M.1    Brooks, S.K.2    Jones, N.3    Greenberg, N.4
  • 129
    • 84930720205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting organizational well-being: A comprehensive review of trauma risk management
    • Whybrow D, Jones N, Greenberg N. Promoting organizational well-being: a comprehensive review of trauma risk management. Occup Med. 2015;65:331-6.
    • (2015) Occup Med , vol.65 , pp. 331-336
    • Whybrow, D.1    Jones, N.2    Greenberg, N.3
  • 132
    • 84905457745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifying resilience mechanisms in at-risk individuals: A controlled study of mindfulness training in marines preparing for deployment
    • Johnson DC, Thom NJ, Stanley EA, Haase L, Simmons AN, Shih PA, et al. Modifying resilience mechanisms in at-risk individuals: a controlled study of mindfulness training in marines preparing for deployment. Am J Psychiatr. 2014;171(8):844-53.
    • (2014) Am J Psychiatr , vol.171 , Issue.8 , pp. 844-853
    • Johnson, D.C.1    Thom, N.J.2    Stanley, E.A.3    Haase, L.4    Simmons, A.N.5    Shih, P.A.6
  • 133
    • 33646774346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A propensity score analysis of brief worksite crisis interventions after the World Trade Center disaster
    • Boscarino JA, Adams RE, Foa EB, Landrigan PJ. A propensity score analysis of brief worksite crisis interventions after the World Trade Center disaster. Med Care. 2006;44(5):454-62.
    • (2006) Med Care , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 454-462
    • Boscarino, J.A.1    Adams, R.E.2    Foa, E.B.3    Landrigan, P.J.4
  • 134
    • 84943544780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exploratory study on the effect of an approach-avoidance coping program on perceived stress and physical energy among police officers
    • Anshel MH, Brinthaupt TM. An exploratory study on the effect of an approach-avoidance coping program on perceived stress and physical energy among police officers. Psychology. 2014;5:676-87.
    • (2014) Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 676-687
    • Anshel, M.H.1    Brinthaupt, T.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.