Genetically modified crops, regulatory delays, and international trade

Food and Energy Security

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 78-86

  Smyth, Stuart J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Adoption impacts; Biotechnology; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; Environmental nongovernmental organizations; Food security; Risk

Indexed keywords

EID: 85008214573     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20483694     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/fes3.100     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Alston, J. M., N. Kalaitzandonakes, and J. Kruse . 2014. The size and distribution from the adoption of biotech soybean varieties. Chapter 45. Pp. 728-751 in S. J. Smyth, P. W. B. Phillips, D. Castle, eds. Handbook on agriculture, biotechnology and development. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, U. K..
2. Areal, F. J., L. Riesgo, and E. Rodriguez-Cerezo . 2013. Economic and agronomic impact of commercialized GM crops: a meta analysis. J. Agric. Sci. 151:7-33.
3. BASF. 2012. News release: BASF to concentrate plant biotechnology activities on main markets in North and south America. Available at http://www.basf.com/group/pressrelease/ P-12-109.2012. (accessed 17 September 2012).
4. Biden, S. 2016. Comparing the Adoption of Genetically Modified Canola in Canada and Australia: The Environmental and Economic Opportunity Costs of Delay. University of Saskatchewan Masters' of Science Thesis.
5. Brookes, G., and P. Barfoot . 2016. Global income and production impacts of using GM crop Technology. 1996-2014. GM Crops Food 7:38-77.
6. Byrne, J. 2015. Presentation by President of v-Fluence Interactive at the Agricultural Bioscience International Conference. Melbourne.
7. Carpenter, J. 2010. Peer-reviewed surveys indicate positive impact of commercialized GM crops. Nat. Biotechnol. 28:319-321.
8. Convention on Biological Diversity. 2014. Global overview of the information on socioeconomic considerations arising from the impact of living modified organisms on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. UNEP/CBD/BS/AHTEG-SEC/1/2, Montreal, Canada.
9. European Commission. 2016. The EU Special Incentive Arrangement for Sustainable Development and Good Governance ('GSP+') covering the period 2014 - 2015. Available at http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/January/tradoc_154178.pdf (accessed 26 September 2016).
10. Finger, R., N. El Benni, T. Kaphengst, C. Evans, S. Herbert, B. Lehmann, et al. 2011. A meta analysis on farm-level costs and benefits of GM crops. Sustainability 3:743-762.
11. Gathura, G. 2014. Europe to shun Kenya's GM crops, farmers told. The Standard. June 20th. Available at: http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000125446/europe-to-shun-kenya-s-gm-crops-farmers-told (accessed 26 September 2016).
12. Gouse, M. 2013. An evaluation of the gender differentiated impact of genetically modified crop adoption: A pilot study in South Africa - GM maize and gender: Evidence from smallholder farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Project report to the Program for Biosafety Systems, International Food Policy Research Institute.
13. Gruère, G., and D. Sengupta . 2011. Bt cotton and farmer suicides in India: an evidence-based assessment. J. Dev. Stud. 47:316-337.
14. Gusta, M., S. J. Smyth, K. Belcher, P. W. B. Phillips, and D. Castle . 2011. Economic benefits of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant canola for producers. AgBioForum 14:1-13.
15. Hobbs, J. E. 2014. The private sector: MNEs and SMEs. Chapter 4. Pp. 56-70 in S. J. Smyth, P. W. B. Phillips, D. Castle, eds. Handbook on agriculture, biotechnology and development. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, U. K..
16. Hobbs, J. E., W. A. Kerr, and S. J. Smyth . 2014. The perils of zero tolerance: technology management, supply chains and thwarted globalisation. Int. J. Technol. Globalisation 7:203-216.
17. Huang, J., J. Mi, H. Lin, Z. Wang, R. Chen, R. Hu, et al. 2010. A decade of Bt cotton in Chinese fields: assessing the direct effects and indirect externalities of Bt cotton adoption in China. Sci. China Life Sci. 53:981-991.
18. Hutchison, W. D., E. C. Burkness, P. D. Mitchell, Moon, R. D., Leslie, T. W., Fleischer, S. J., et al. 2010. Areawide suppression of European corn borer with Bt maize reaps savings to non-Bt maize growers. Science 330:222-225.
19. James, C. 2015. 20th Anniversary (1996 to 2015) of the Global Commercialization of Biotech Crops and Biotech Crop Highlights in 2015. ISAAA Brief 51. Available at: http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/51/default.asp (Accessed 14 September 2016).
20. Kalaitzandonakes, N., P. W. B. Phillips, J. Wesseler, and S. J. Smyth, eds. 2016. The coexistence of genetically modified, organic and conventional foods: government policies and market practices. Springer Science+Business Media LLC., New York.
21. Klümper, W., and M. Qaim . 2014. A meta-analysis of the impacts of genetically modified crops. PLoS ONE 9:1-7.
22. Kouser, S., and M. Qaim . 2011. Impact of Bt cotton on pesticide poisoning in smallholder agriculture: a panel data analysis. Ecol. Econ. 70:2105-2113.
23. Little, J. 2015. Smart regulation and innovation for EU agriculture. Presentation to the 7th European Innovation Summit. December 7-10.
24. Ludlow, K., S. J. Smyth, and J. Falck-Zepeda, eds. 2014. Socio-economic considerations in biotechnology regulations. Springer Publishers, New York.
25. Panella, F., N. Holland, R. Steinbrecher, A. Ferrante, M. Schimpf, H. Wallace, et al. 2015. Open letter to the Commission on new genetic engineering methods. Available at: http://www.genewatch.org/uploads/f03c6d66a9b354535738483c1c3d49e4/New_Breeding_Techniques___Open_Letter_27_Jan_2015.pdf (Accessed 23 September 2016).
26. Pardey, P. G., C. Chan-Kang, S. P. Dehmer, and J. M. Beddow . 2016. Agricultural R&D is on the move. Nature 537:301-303.
27. Pray, C., D. Ma, J. Huang, and F. Qiao . 2001. Impact of Bt cotton in China. World Dev. 30:931-948.
28. Ryan, C. D., and S. J. Smyth . 2012. Economic implications of low-level presence in a zero-tolerance European import market: the case of Canadian Triffid Flax. AgBioForum 15:21-30.
29. Smart, R. D., M. Blum, and J. Wesseler . 2016. Trends in approval times for genetically engineered crops in the United States and the European Union. J. Agric. Econ. doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12171.
30. Smyth, S. J., M. Gusta, K. Belcher, P. W. B. Phillips, and D. Castle . 2011a. Changes in herbicide use following the adoption of HR Canola in Western Canada. Weed Technol. 25:492-500.
31. Smyth, S. J., M. Gusta, K. Belcher, P. W. B. Phillips, and D. Castle . 2011b. Environmental impacts from herbicide tolerant canola production in Western Canada. Agric. Syst. 104:403-410.
32. Smyth, S. J., J. McDonald, and J. Falck-Zepeda . 2014. Investment, regulation and uncertainty: managing new plant breeding techniques. GM Crops Food 5:1-14.
33. Smyth, S. J., P. W. B. Phillips, and W. A. Kerr . 2015. Food security and the evaluation of risk. Global Food Secur. 4:16-23.
34. Smyth, S. J., P. W. B. Phillips, and W. A. Kerr . 2016. EU failing FAO challenge to improve global food security. Trends Biotechnol. 34:521-523.
35. Subramanian, A., and M. Qaim . 2010. The impact of Bt cotton on poor households in rural India. J. Dev. Stud. 46:295-311.
36. The Guardian. 2016. European parliament slams G7 food project in Africa. June 8th. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/08/european-parliament-slams-g7-food-project-in-africa (Accessed 26 September 2016).
37. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2013. Trade and environmental review 2013: wake up before it is too late. United Nations, New York.
38. Vitale, J., G. Vognan, and M. Ouattarra . 2014. Cotton. Chapter 38. Pp. 604-620 in S. J. Smyth, P. W. B. Phillips, D. Castle, eds. Handbook on agriculture, biotechnology and development. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, U. K..
39. Yorobe, J. M., and M. Smale . 2012. Impacts of Bt maize on smallholder income in the Philippines. AgBioForum 15:152-162.