메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 336-347

Occurrence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea reported as adverse events in clinical trials studying glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic analysis of published clinical trials

Author keywords

gastrointestinal adverse events; GLP 1 analogues; GLP 1 receptor agonists; incretin mimetics; side effects

Indexed keywords

ALBIGLUTIDE; DULAGLUTIDE; EXENDIN 4; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; INSULIN; LIRAGLUTIDE; LIXISENATIDE; METFORMIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR; PEPTIDE; VENOM;

EID: 85007008175     PISSN: 14628902     EISSN: 14631326     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/dom.12824     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (223)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 33846006173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes
    • Drucker DJ, Nauck MA. The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2006;368:1696-1705.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1696-1705
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Nauck, M.A.2
  • 2
    • 84957878858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incretin therapies: highlighting common features and differences in the modes of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
    • Nauck M. Incretin therapies: highlighting common features and differences in the modes of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18:203-216.
    • (2016) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.18 , pp. 203-216
    • Nauck, M.1
  • 3
    • 18144401971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes
    • DeFronzo RA, Ratner RE, Han J, Kim DD, Fineman MS, Baron AD. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2005;28:1092-1100.
    • (2005) Diabetes care , vol.28 , pp. 1092-1100
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Ratner, R.E.2    Han, J.3    Kim, D.D.4    Fineman, M.S.5    Baron, A.D.6
  • 4
    • 84870054636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8:728-742.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.8 , pp. 728-742
    • Meier, J.J.1
  • 5
    • 84878358313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M)
    • Ahren B, Leguizamo Dimas A, Miossec P, Saubadu S, Aronson R. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M). Diabetes Care. 2013;36:2543-2350.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 2-2543
    • Ahren, B.1    Leguizamo Dimas, A.2    Miossec, P.3    Saubadu, S.4    Aronson, R.5
  • 6
    • 84878603672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with newly initiated and continuously titrated basal insulin glargine: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study (GetGoal-Duo 1)
    • Riddle MC, Forst T, Aronson R, et al. Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with newly initiated and continuously titrated basal insulin glargine: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study (GetGoal-Duo 1). Diabetes Care. 2013;36:2497-2503.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 2497-2503
    • Riddle, M.C.1    Forst, T.2    Aronson, R.3
  • 7
    • 84942374717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of lixisenatide and liraglutide on postprandial glycemic control, gastric emptying, and safety parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes on optimized insulin glargine with or without metformin: a randomized, open-label trial
    • Meier JJ, Rosenstock J, Hincelin-Mery A, et al. Contrasting effects of lixisenatide and liraglutide on postprandial glycemic control, gastric emptying, and safety parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes on optimized insulin glargine with or without metformin: a randomized, open-label trial. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:1263-1273.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. 1263-1273
    • Meier, J.J.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Hincelin-Mery, A.3
  • 8
    • 0036676385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of a single-dose of NN2211, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 derivative, in healthy male subjects
    • Elbrønd B, Jakobsen G, Larsen S, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of a single-dose of NN2211, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 derivative, in healthy male subjects. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1398-1404.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1398-1404
    • Elbrønd, B.1    Jakobsen, G.2    Larsen, S.3
  • 9
    • 53249142132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study
    • Drucker DJ, Buse JB, Taylor K, et al. Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study. Lancet. 2008;372:1240-1250.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1240-1250
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Buse, J.B.2    Taylor, K.3
  • 10
    • 84871093044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taspoglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, vs. insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes: an open-label randomized trial
    • Nauck M, Horton E, Andjelkovic M, et al. Taspoglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, vs. insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes: an open-label randomized trial. Diabet Med. 2013;30:109-113.
    • (2013) Diabet Med , vol.30 , pp. 109-113
    • Nauck, M.1    Horton, E.2    Andjelkovic, M.3
  • 11
    • 84904992244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5)
    • Nauck M, Weinstock RS, Umpierrez GE, Guerci B, Skrivanek Z, Milicevic Z. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5). Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2149-2158.
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 2149-2158
    • Nauck, M.1    Weinstock, R.S.2    Umpierrez, G.E.3    Guerci, B.4    Skrivanek, Z.5    Milicevic, Z.6
  • 12
    • 84953351574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 2): 52 week primary endpoint results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise
    • Nauck MA, Stewart MW, Perkins C, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 2): 52 week primary endpoint results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise. Diabetologia. 2016;59:266-274.
    • (2016) Diabetologia , vol.59 , pp. 266-274
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Stewart, M.W.2    Perkins, C.3
  • 13
    • 79959404178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid tachyphylaxis of the glucagon-like peptide 1-induced deceleration of gastric emptying in humans
    • Nauck MA, Kemmeries G, Holst JJ, Meier JJ. Rapid tachyphylaxis of the glucagon-like peptide 1-induced deceleration of gastric emptying in humans. Diabetes. 2011;60:1561-1565.
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , pp. 1561-1565
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Kemmeries, G.2    Holst, J.J.3    Meier, J.J.4
  • 14
    • 84962972199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
    • Farr OM, Sofopoulos M, Tsoukas MA, et al. GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2016;59:954-965.
    • (2016) Diabetologia , vol.59 , pp. 954-965
    • Farr, O.M.1    Sofopoulos, M.2    Tsoukas, M.A.3
  • 15
    • 84858713174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs developed to treat diabetes, liraglutide and lixisenatide, cross the blood brain barrier and enhance neurogenesis
    • Hunter K, Hölscher C. Drugs developed to treat diabetes, liraglutide and lixisenatide, cross the blood brain barrier and enhance neurogenesis. BMC Neurosci. 2012;13:33.
    • (2012) BMC Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 33
    • Hunter, K.1    Hölscher, C.2
  • 16
    • 0036198285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with the blood-brain barrier
    • Kastin AJ, Akerstrom V, Pan W. Interactions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with the blood-brain barrier. J Mol Neurosci. 2002;18:7-14.
    • (2002) J Mol Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 7-14
    • Kastin, A.J.1    Akerstrom, V.2    Pan, W.3
  • 17
    • 0037349072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entry of exendin-4 into brain is rapid but may be limited at high doses
    • Kastin AJ, Akerstrom V. Entry of exendin-4 into brain is rapid but may be limited at high doses. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:313-318.
    • (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.27 , pp. 313-318
    • Kastin, A.J.1    Akerstrom, V.2
  • 18
    • 84907495472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss
    • Secher A, Jelsing J, Baquero AF, et al. The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss. J Clin Invest. 2014;124:4473-4488.
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , pp. 4473-4488
    • Secher, A.1    Jelsing, J.2    Baquero, A.F.3
  • 19
    • 79960741385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral and central GLP-1 receptor populations mediate the anorectic effects of peripherally administered GLP-1 receptor agonists, liraglutide and exendin-4
    • Kanoski SE, Fortin SM, Arnold M, Grill HJ, Hayes MR. Peripheral and central GLP-1 receptor populations mediate the anorectic effects of peripherally administered GLP-1 receptor agonists, liraglutide and exendin-4. Endocrinology. 2011;152:3103-3112.
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 3103-3112
    • Kanoski, S.E.1    Fortin, S.M.2    Arnold, M.3    Grill, H.J.4    Hayes, M.R.5
  • 21
    • 84879189059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of exogenous GLP-1 on food intake is lost in male truncally vagotomized subjects with pyloroplasty
    • Plamboeck A, Veedfald S, Deacon CF, et al. The effect of exogenous GLP-1 on food intake is lost in male truncally vagotomized subjects with pyloroplasty. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013;304:G1117-G1127.
    • (2013) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.304 , pp. G1117-G1127
    • Plamboeck, A.1    Veedfald, S.2    Deacon, C.F.3
  • 22
    • 67649666737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)
    • Buse JB, Rosenstock J, Sesti G, et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet. 2009;374:39-47.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 39-47
    • Buse, J.B.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Sesti, G.3
  • 23
    • 84899585635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-weekly albiglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral drugs (HARMONY 7): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority pase 3 study
    • Pratley RE, Nauck MA, Barnett AH, et al. Once-weekly albiglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral drugs (HARMONY 7): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority pase 3 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2:289-297.
    • (2014) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol , vol.2 , pp. 289-297
    • Pratley, R.E.1    Nauck, M.A.2    Barnett, A.H.3
  • 24
    • 85013774886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematische Analyse von “gastrointestinalen” Nebenwirkungen von GLP-1 Rezeptor-Agonisten (Abstract)
    • 11 (A 25
    • Bettge K, Kahle M, Meier J, Nauck M. Systematische Analyse von “gastrointestinalen” Nebenwirkungen von GLP-1 Rezeptor-Agonisten (Abstract). Diabetol Stoffwechsel. 2016;11 (Suppl. 1): A 25.
    • (2016) Diabetol Stoffwechsel
    • Bettge, K.1    Kahle, M.2    Meier, J.3    Nauck, M.4
  • 25
    • 69449100622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement
    • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339 , pp. b2535
    • Moher, D.1    Liberati, A.2    Tetzlaff, J.3    Altman, D.G.4    Group, P.5
  • 26
    • 0029914622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?
    • Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1-12.
    • (1996) Control Clin Trials , vol.17 , pp. 1-12
    • Jadad, A.R.1    Moore, R.A.2    Carroll, D.3
  • 27
    • 62449129181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-1 SU)
    • Marre M, Shaw J, Brandle M, et al. Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-1 SU). Diabet Med. 2009;26:268-278.
    • (2009) Diabet Med , vol.26 , pp. 268-278
    • Marre, M.1    Shaw, J.2    Brandle, M.3
  • 28
    • 77955887980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent effects of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Ratner RE, Rosenstock J, Boka G. Dose-dependent effects of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabet Med. 2010;27:1024-1032.
    • (2010) Diabet Med , vol.27 , pp. 1024-1032
    • Ratner, R.E.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Boka, G.3
  • 29
    • 84905012167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1)
    • Wysham C, Blevins T, Arakaki R, et al. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1). Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2159-2167.
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 2159-2167
    • Wysham, C.1    Blevins, T.2    Arakaki, R.3
  • 30
    • 84910392026 scopus 로고
    • Statik und Dynamik der Insulinsekretion bei Diabetes, Proto-Diabetes und Adipositas
    • In Von Pfeiffer EF, Hrsg., Band 1., München, Lehmann Verla
    • Pfeiffer EF. Statik und Dynamik der Insulinsekretion bei Diabetes, Proto-Diabetes und Adipositas. In: Von Pfeiffer EF, Hrsg. Handbuch des Diabetes mellitus. Band 1. München: Lehmann Verlag; 1969:123-158.
    • (1969) Handbuch des Diabetes mellitus , pp. 123-158
    • Pfeiffer, E.F.1
  • 31
    • 84903519951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of pancreatitis in patients treated with incretin-based therapies
    • Meier JJ, Nauck MA. Risk of pancreatitis in patients treated with incretin-based therapies. Diabetologia. 2014;57:1320-1324.
    • (2014) Diabetologia , vol.57 , pp. 1320-1324
    • Meier, J.J.1    Nauck, M.A.2
  • 32
    • 84891821223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do GLP-1-based therapies increase cancer risk?
    • Nauck MA, Friedrich N. Do GLP-1-based therapies increase cancer risk? Diabetes Care. 2013;36(suppl 2):S245-S252.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. S245-S252
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Friedrich, N.2
  • 33
    • 84994813253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • published online 15 Sept. 2016
    • Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016; published online 15 Sept. 2016. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607141.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med
    • Marso, S.P.1    Bain, S.C.2    Consoli, A.3
  • 34
    • 84978839381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    • Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:311-322.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.375 , pp. 311-322
    • Marso, S.P.1    Daniels, G.H.2    Brown-Frandsen, K.3
  • 35
    • 84948740668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome
    • Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2247-2257.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 2247-2257
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Claggett, B.2    Diaz, R.3
  • 36
    • 84908177336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
    • Dungan KM, Povedano ST, Forst T, et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2014;384:1349-1357.
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.384 , pp. 1349-1357
    • Dungan, K.M.1    Povedano, S.T.2    Forst, T.3
  • 37
    • 84872084453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study
    • Buse JB, Nauck M, Forst T, et al. Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study. Lancet. 2013;381:117-124.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 117-124
    • Buse, J.B.1    Nauck, M.2    Forst, T.3
  • 38
    • 34249891874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of once-weekly dosing of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide on glucose control and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes
    • Kim D, MacConell L, Zhuang D, et al. Effects of once-weekly dosing of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide on glucose control and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1487-1493.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1487-1493
    • Kim, D.1    MacConell, L.2    Zhuang, D.3
  • 39
    • 70349664297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of albiglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial exploring weekly, biweekly, and monthly dosing
    • Rosenstock J, Reusch J, Bush M, Yang F, Stewart M. Potential of albiglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial exploring weekly, biweekly, and monthly dosing. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1880-1886.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1880-1886
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Reusch, J.2    Bush, M.3    Yang, F.4    Stewart, M.5
  • 40
    • 77951277026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of high doses of taspoglutide, a once-weekly human GLP-1 analogue, in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
    • Ratner R, Nauck M, Kapitza C, Asnaghi V, Boldrin M, Balena R. Safety and tolerability of high doses of taspoglutide, a once-weekly human GLP-1 analogue, in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Med. 2010;27:556-562.
    • (2010) Diabetes Med , vol.27 , pp. 556-562
    • Ratner, R.1    Nauck, M.2    Kapitza, C.3    Asnaghi, V.4    Boldrin, M.5    Balena, R.6
  • 41
    • 0029903111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide I receptors in the subfornical organ and the area postrema are accessible to circulating glucagon-like peptide I
    • Ørskov C, Poulsen SS, Møller M, Holst JJ. Glucagon-like peptide I receptors in the subfornical organ and the area postrema are accessible to circulating glucagon-like peptide I. Diabetes. 1996;45:832-835.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 832-835
    • Ørskov, C.1    Poulsen, S.S.2    Møller, M.3    Holst, J.J.4
  • 43
    • 0030667056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans
    • Nauck MA, Niedereichholz U, Ettler R, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1997;273:E981-E988.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.273 , pp. E981-E988
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Niedereichholz, U.2    Ettler, R.3
  • 44
    • 84878863716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin
    • Kapitza C, Forst T, Coester HV, Poitiers F, Ruus P, Hincelin-Mery A. Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15:642-649.
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.15 , pp. 642-649
    • Kapitza, C.1    Forst, T.2    Coester, H.V.3    Poitiers, F.4    Ruus, P.5    Hincelin-Mery, A.6
  • 45
    • 0029074964 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic, insulinotropic, and glucagonostatic properties of GLP-1 [7-36 amide] after subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers. Dose-response-relationships
    • Ritzel R, Ørskov C, Holst JJ, Nauck MA. Pharmacokinetic, insulinotropic, and glucagonostatic properties of GLP-1 [7-36 amide] after subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers. Dose-response-relationships. Diabetologia. 1995;38:720-725.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , pp. 720-725
    • Ritzel, R.1    Ørskov, C.2    Holst, J.J.3    Nauck, M.A.4
  • 46
    • 43549094932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLP-1 suppresses gastrointestinal motility and inhibits the migrating motor complex in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome
    • Hellström PM, Näslund E, Edholm T, et al. GLP-1 suppresses gastrointestinal motility and inhibits the migrating motor complex in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008;20:649-659.
    • (2008) Neurogastroenterol Motil , vol.20 , pp. 649-659
    • Hellström, P.M.1    Näslund, E.2    Edholm, T.3
  • 47
    • 77950346254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of metformin-induced gastrointestinal symptoms on quality of life and adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Florez H, Luo J, Castillo-Florez S, et al. Impact of metformin-induced gastrointestinal symptoms on quality of life and adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Postgrad Med. 2010;122:112-120.
    • (2010) J Postgrad Med , vol.122 , pp. 112-120
    • Florez, H.1    Luo, J.2    Castillo-Florez, S.3
  • 49
    • 0343724362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial
    • Yki-Järvinen H, Ryysy L, Nikkila K, Tulokas T, Vanamo R, Heikkila M. Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:389-396.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 389-396
    • Yki-Järvinen, H.1    Ryysy, L.2    Nikkila, K.3    Tulokas, T.4    Vanamo, R.5    Heikkila, M.6
  • 50
    • 45449114603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-reported rating of gastrointestinal adverse effects during treatment of type 2 diabetes with the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide
    • Horowitz M, Vilsboll T, Zdravkovic M, Hammer M, Madsbad S. Patient-reported rating of gastrointestinal adverse effects during treatment of type 2 diabetes with the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10:593-596.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 593-596
    • Horowitz, M.1    Vilsboll, T.2    Zdravkovic, M.3    Hammer, M.4    Madsbad, S.5
  • 51
    • 0036897487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of turnover of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus
    • Talley NJ, Howell S, Jones MP, Horowitz M. Predictors of turnover of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:3087-3094.
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 3087-3094
    • Talley, N.J.1    Howell, S.2    Jones, M.P.3    Horowitz, M.4
  • 52
    • 59449101432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial
    • Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R, et al. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet. 2009;373:473-481.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 473-481
    • Garber, A.1    Henry, R.2    Ratner, R.3
  • 53
    • 84904963065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin
    • Ahren B, Johnson SL, Stewart M, et al. HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2141-2148.
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 2141-2148
    • Ahren, B.1    Johnson, S.L.2    Stewart, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.