메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 74, Issue 12, 2016, Pages 953-966

Neurological outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, late onset metachromatic leukodystrophy and hurler syndrome;Desfechos neurológicos após transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas na adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X, forma cerebral, na leucodistrofia metacromática de início tardio e na síndrome de hurler

Author keywords

Adrenoleukodystrophy; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Leukodystrophy; Metachromatic; Mucopolysaccharidosis I

Indexed keywords

BUSULFAN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; SULFATIDE; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY;

EID: 85006333154     PISSN: 0004282X     EISSN: 16784227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20160155     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (35)
  • 1
    • 0028329894 scopus 로고
    • Cells expressing human glucocerebrosidase from a retroviral vector repopulate macrophages and central nervous system microglia after murine bone marrow transplantation
    • Krall WJ, Challita PM, Perlmutter LS, Skelton DC, Kohn DB. Cells expressing human glucocerebrosidase from a retroviral vector repopulate macrophages and central nervous system microglia after murine bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 1994; 83(9): 2737-48.
    • (1994) Blood , vol.83 , Issue.9 , pp. 2737-2748
    • Krall, W.J.1    Challita, P.M.2    Perlmutter, L.S.3    Skelton, D.C.4    Kohn, D.B.5
  • 2
    • 33748684424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: Genotype strongly influences phenotype
    • Rauschka H, Colsch B, Baumann N, Wevers R, Schmidbauer M, Krammer M et al. Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: genotype strongly influences phenotype. Neurology. 2006; 67(5): 859-63. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000234129.97727.4d
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 859-863
    • Rauschka, H.1    Colsch, B.2    Baumann, N.3    Wevers, R.4    Schmidbauer, M.5    Krammer, M.6
  • 3
    • 78651418869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplant for juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy: A 5-year follow-up in three affected siblings
    • Cable C, Finkel RS, Lehky TJ, Biassou NM, Wiggs EA, Bunin N et al. Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplant for juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy: a 5-year follow-up in three affected siblings. Mol Genet Metab. 2011; 102(2): 207-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.10.002
    • (2011) Mol Genet Metab , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-209
    • Cable, C.1    Finkel, R.S.2    Lehky, T.J.3    Biassou, N.M.4    Wiggs, E.A.5    Bunin, N.6
  • 4
    • 84875507383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation in metachromatic leukodystrophy
    • Martin HR, Poe MD, Provenzale JM, Kurtzberg J, Mendizabal A, Escolar ML et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2013; 19(4): 616-24. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.01.010
    • (2013) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 616-624
    • Martin, H.R.1    Poe, M.D.2    Provenzale, J.M.3    Kurtzberg, J.4    Mendizabal, A.5    Escolar, M.L.6
  • 5
    • 84905693382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic SCT: A useful treatment for late metachromatic leukodystrophy
    • Solders M, Martin DA, Andersson, Remberger M, Andersson T, Ringdén O et al. Hematopoietic SCT: a useful treatment for late metachromatic leukodystrophy. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014; 49(8): 1046-51. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2014.93
    • (2014) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 1046-1051
    • Solders, M.1    Martin, D.A.2    Andersson, R.M.3    Andersson, T.4    Ringdén, O.5
  • 6
    • 34248668484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
    • Beam D, Poe MD, Provenzale JM, Szabolcs P, Martin PL, Prasad V et al. Outcomes of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2007; 13(6): 665-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.01.082
    • (2007) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 665-674
    • Beam, D.1    Poe, M.D.2    Provenzale, J.M.3    Szabolcs, P.4    Martin, P.L.5    Prasad, V.6
  • 7
    • 80051884762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy: The largest single-institution cohort report
    • Miller WP, Rothman SM, Nascene D, Kivisto T, DeFor TE, Ziegler RS et al. Outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy: the largest single-institution cohort report. Blood. 2011; 118(7): 1971-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-329235
    • (2011) Blood , vol.118 , Issue.7 , pp. 1971-1978
    • Miller, W.P.1    Rothman, S.M.2    Nascene, D.3    Kivisto, T.4    DeFor, T.E.5    Ziegler, R.S.6
  • 8
    • 0032055564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurler syndrome: II. Outcome of HLA-genotypically identical sibling and HLA-haploidentical related donor bone marrow transplantation in fifty-four children
    • Peters C, Shapiro EG, Anderson J, Henslee-Downey PJ, Klemperer MR, Cowan MJ et al. Hurler syndrome: II. Outcome of HLA-genotypically identical sibling and HLA-haploidentical related donor bone marrow transplantation in fifty-four children. Blood. 1998; 91(7): 2601-8.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.91 , Issue.7 , pp. 2601-2608
    • Peters, C.1    Shapiro, E.G.2    Anderson, J.3    Henslee-Downey, P.J.4    Klemperer, M.R.5    Cowan, M.J.6
  • 9
    • 81155157525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme replacement therapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at diagnosis in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I: Results of a European consensus procedure
    • Ru MH, Boelens JJ, Das AM, Jones SA, van der Lee JH, Mahlaoui N et al. Enzyme replacement therapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at diagnosis in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I: results of a European consensus procedure. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011; 6(1): 55. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-55
    • (2011) Orphanet J Rare Dis , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 55
    • Ru, M.H.1    Boelens, J.J.2    Das, A.M.3    Jones, S.A.4    van der Lee, J.H.5    Mahlaoui, N.6
  • 10
    • 84998850003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Compared With Nontransplanted Control Patients
    • Groeschel S, Kühl JS, Bley AE, Kehrer C, Weschke B, Döring M et al. Long-term Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Compared With Nontransplanted Control Patients. JAMA Neurol. 2016; 73(9): 1133-40. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.2067
    • (2016) JAMA Neurol , vol.73 , Issue.9 , pp. 1133-1140
    • Groeschel, S.1    Kühl, J.S.2    Bley, A.E.3    Kehrer, C.4    Weschke, B.5    Döring, M.6
  • 11
    • 77951072800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current international perspectives on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for inherited metabolic disorders
    • Boelens JJ, Prasad VK, Tolar J, Wynn RF, Peters C. Current international perspectives on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for inherited metabolic disorders. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2010; 57(1): 123-45. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.11.004
    • (2010) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-145
    • Boelens, J.J.1    Prasad, V.K.2    Tolar, J.3    Wynn, R.F.4    Peters, C.5
  • 12
    • 84901767780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the leukodystrophies: A systematic review of the literature
    • Musolino PL, Lund TC, Pan J, Escolar ML, Paker AM, Duncan CN et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the leukodystrophies: a systematic review of the literature. Neuropediatrics. 2014; 45(3): 169-74. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1364179
    • (2014) Neuropediatrics , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-174
    • Musolino, P.L.1    Lund, T.C.2    Pan, J.3    Escolar, M.L.4    Paker, A.M.5    Duncan, C.N.6
  • 13
    • 41849119871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical outcome of Hurler syndrome after stem cell transplantation
    • Aldenhoven M, Boelens JJ, Koning TJ. The clinical outcome of Hurler syndrome after stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008; 14(5): 485-98. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.01.009
    • (2008) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 485-498
    • Aldenhoven, M.1    Boelens, J.J.2    Koning, T.J.3
  • 14
    • 84912535118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early treatment is associated with improved cognition in Hurler syndrome
    • Poe MD, Chagnon SL, Escolar ML. Early treatment is associated with improved cognition in Hurler syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2014; 76(5): 747-53. doi: 10.1002/ana.24246
    • (2014) Ann Neurol , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 747-753
    • Poe, M.D.1    Chagnon, S.L.2    Escolar, M.L.3
  • 15
    • 84864816455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD): Clinical presentation and guidelines for diagnosis, follow-up and management
    • Engelen M, Kemp S, Visser M, Geel BM, Wanders RJ, Aubourg P et al. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD): clinical presentation and guidelines for diagnosis, follow-up and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012; 7(1): 51. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-51
    • (2012) Orphanet J Rare Dis , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 51
    • Engelen, M.1    Kemp, S.2    Visser, M.3    Geel, B.M.4    Wanders, R.J.5    Aubourg, P.6
  • 16
    • 84938796117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for metachromatic leukodystrophy: The largest single-institution cohort report
    • Boucher AA, Miller W, Shanley R, Ziegler R, Lund T, Raymond G. Long-term outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for metachromatic leukodystrophy: the largest single-institution cohort report. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2015; 10(1): 94. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0313-y
    • (2015) Orphanet J Rare Dis , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 94
    • Boucher, A.A.1    Miller, W.2    Shanley, R.3    Ziegler, R.4    Lund, T.5    Raymond, G.6
  • 17
    • 77649187922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: Clinical course and minimal incidence in South Brazil
    • Jardim LB, Silva AC, Blank D, Villanueva MM, Renck L, Costa ML et al. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: clinical course and minimal incidence in South Brazil. Brain Dev. 2010; 32(3): 180-90. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.02.002
    • (2010) Brain Dev , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 180-190
    • Jardim, L.B.1    Silva, A.C.2    Blank, D.3    Villanueva, M.M.4    Renck, L.5    Costa, M.L.6
  • 18
    • 0002622130 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of saturated very long chain fatty acid in plasma
    • Hommes FA, editor, Wiley, New York
    • Moser HW, Moser AB. Measurement of saturated very long chain fatty acid in plasma. In: Hommes FA, editor. Techniques of diagnostic human biochemical genetics. Wiley, New York. 1991, pp. 177-191.
    • (1991) Techniques of diagnostic human biochemical genetics , pp. 177-191
    • Moser, H.W.1    Moser, A.B.2
  • 19
    • 84930871830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic characterization of Brazilian patients with infantile and juvenile forms of metachromatic leukodystrophy
    • Virgens MY, Siebert M, Bock H, Burin M, Giugliani R, Saraiva-Pereira ML. Genotypic characterization of Brazilian patients with infantile and juvenile forms of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Gene. 2015; 568(1): 69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.016
    • (2015) Gene , vol.568 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-75
    • Virgens, M.Y.1    Siebert, M.2    Bock, H.3    Burin, M.4    Giugliani, R.5    Saraiva-Pereira, M.L.6
  • 21
    • 71449093485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metachromatic leukodystrophy: A scoring system for brain MR imaging observations
    • Eichler F, Grodd W, Grant E, Sessa M, Biffi A, Bley A et al. Metachromatic leukodystrophy: a scoring system for brain MR imaging observations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009; 30(10): 1893-7. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1739
    • (2009) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1893-1897
    • Eichler, F.1    Grodd, W.2    Grant, E.3    Sessa, M.4    Biffi, A.5    Bley, A.6
  • 22
    • 0023574955 scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow transplantation for leukemia following a new busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen
    • Tutschka PJ, Copelan EA, Klein JP. Bone marrow transplantation for leukemia following a new busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen. Blood. 1987; 70(5): 1382-8.
    • (1987) Blood. , vol.70 , Issue.5 , pp. 1382-1388
    • Tutschka, P.J.1    Copelan, E.A.2    Klein, J.P.3
  • 23
    • 53249109538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy in Hurler syndrome, globoid cell leukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy and X-adrenoleukodystrophy
    • Cartier N, Aubourg P. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy in Hurler syndrome, globoid cell leukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy and X-adrenoleukodystrophy. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2008; 10(5): 471-8. doi:
    • (2008) Curr Opin Mol Ther , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 471-478
    • Cartier, N.1    Aubourg, P.2
  • 24
    • 77956057420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical aspects of neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders
    • Jardim LB, Villanueva MM, Souza CF, Netto CB. Clinical aspects of neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010; 33(4): 315-29. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9079-5
    • (2010) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-329
    • Jardim, L.B.1    Villanueva, M.M.2    Souza, C.F.3    Netto, C.B.4
  • 25
    • 33646450545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow transplantation in patients with storage diseases: A developing country experience
    • Lange MC, Teive HAG, Troiano AR, Bitencourt M, Funke VA, Setúbal DC et al. Bone marrow transplantation in patients with storage diseases: a developing country experience. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2006; 64(1): 1-4. doi: 10.1590/S0004-282X2006000100001
    • (2006) Arq Neuropsiquiatr , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-4
    • Lange, M.C.1    Teive, H.A.G.2    Troiano, A.R.3    Bitencourt, M.4    Funke, V.A.5    Setúbal, D.C.6
  • 26
    • 3242762263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: The international hematopoietic cell transplantation experience from 1982 to 1999
    • Peters C, Charnas LR, Tan Y, Ziegler RS, Shapiro EG, DeFor T et al. Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: the international hematopoietic cell transplantation experience from 1982 to 1999. Blood. 2004; 104(3): 881-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3402
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , Issue.3 , pp. 881-888
    • Peters, C.1    Charnas, L.R.2    Tan, Y.3    Ziegler, R.S.4    Shapiro, E.G.5    DeFor, T.6
  • 27
    • 84880314796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of transplantation using various hematopoietic cell sources in children with Hurler syndrome after myeloablative conditioning
    • Boelens JJ, Aldenhoven M, Purtill D, Ruggeri A, Defor T, Wynn R et al. Outcomes of transplantation using various hematopoietic cell sources in children with Hurler syndrome after myeloablative conditioning. Blood. 2013; 121(19): 3981-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-455238
    • (2013) Blood , vol.121 , Issue.19 , pp. 3981-3987
    • Boelens, J.J.1    Aldenhoven, M.2    Purtill, D.3    Ruggeri, A.4    Defor, T.5    Wynn, R.6
  • 28
    • 39149145509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haematopoietic stem-cell transplant for adult cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy
    • Fitzpatrick AS, Loughrey CM, Johnston P, McKee S, Spence W, Flynn et al. Haematopoietic stem-cell transplant for adult cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. Eur J Neurol. 2008; 15(3): e21-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.02048.x
    • (2008) Eur J Neurol , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. e21-e22
    • Fitzpatrick, A.S.1    Loughrey, C.M.2    Johnston, P.3    McKee, S.4    Spence, W.5    Flynn6
  • 29
    • 84355161397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term neuroimaging follow-up on an asymptomatic juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy patient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Evidence of myelin recovery and ongoing brain maturation
    • Ding X-Q, Bley A, Kohlschütter A, Fiehler J, Lanfermann H. Long-term neuroimaging follow-up on an asymptomatic juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy patient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: evidence of myelin recovery and ongoing brain maturation. Am J Med Genet A. 2012; 158A(1): 257-60. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34389
    • (2012) Am J Med Genet A. , vol.158 A , Issue.1 , pp. 257-260
    • Ding, X.-Q.1    Bley, A.2    Kohlschütter, A.3    Fiehler, J.4    Lanfermann, H.5
  • 30
    • 84875224233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy 10 years post transplant compared with a non-transplanted cohort
    • Krägeloh-Mann I, Groeschel S, Kehrer C, Opherk K, Nägele T, Handgretinger R et al. Juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy 10 years post transplant compared with a non-transplanted cohort. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013; 48(3): 369-75. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2012.155
    • (2013) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-375
    • Krägeloh-Mann, I.1    Groeschel, S.2    Kehrer, C.3    Opherk, K.4    Nägele, T.5    Handgretinger, R.6
  • 31
    • 84878793337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of white matter changes on neuroimaging modalities after stem cell transplant in metachromatic leukodystrophy
    • Egmond ME, Pouwels PJW, Boelens JJ, Lindemans CA, Barkhof F, Steenwijk MD et al. Improvement of white matter changes on neuroimaging modalities after stem cell transplant in metachromatic leukodystrophy. JAMA Neurol. 2013; 70(6): 779-82. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.629
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 779-782
    • Egmond, M.E.1    Pouwels, P.J.W.2    Boelens, J.J.3    Lindemans, C.A.4    Barkhof, F.5    Steenwijk, M.D.6
  • 32
    • 84897924428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not retard disease progression in the psycho-cognitive variant of late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy
    • Smith NJ, Marcus RE, Sahakian BJ, Kapur N, Cox TM. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not retard disease progression in the psycho-cognitive variant of late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010; 33(s3): S471-5. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9240-1
    • (2010) J Inherit Metab Dis. , vol.33 , Issue.S3 , pp. S471-S475
    • Smith, N.J.1    Marcus, R.E.2    Sahakian, B.J.3    Kapur, N.4    Cox, T.M.5
  • 33
    • 84880843399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual α-L-iduronidase activity in fibroblasts of mild to severe Mucopolysaccharidosis type I patients
    • Oussoren E, Keulemans J, Diggelen OP, Oemardien LF, Timmermans RG, Ploeg AT et al. Residual α-L-iduronidase activity in fibroblasts of mild to severe Mucopolysaccharidosis type I patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2013; 109(4): 377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.05.016
    • (2013) Mol Genet Metab , vol.109 , Issue.4 , pp. 377-381
    • Oussoren, E.1    Keulemans, J.2    Diggelen, O.P.3    Oemardien, L.F.4    Timmermans, R.G.5    Ploeg, A.T.6
  • 34
    • 72449148318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplant outcomes in mucopolysaccharidoses
    • Prasad VK, Kurtzberg J. Transplant outcomes in mucopolysaccharidoses. Semin Hematol. 2010; 47(1): 59-69. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.10.008
    • (2010) Semin Hematol , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-69
    • Prasad, V.K.1    Kurtzberg, J.2
  • 35
    • 84866144416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exploratory study of brain function and structure in mucopolysaccharidosis type I: Long term observations following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)
    • Shapiro E, Guler OE, Rudser K, Delaney K, Bjoraker K, Whitley C et al. An exploratory study of brain function and structure in mucopolysaccharidosis type I: long term observations following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Mol Genet Metab. 2012; 107(1-2): 116-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.07.016
    • (2012) Mol Genet Metab. , vol.107 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 116-121
    • Shapiro, E.1    Guler, O.E.2    Rudser, K.3    Delaney, K.4    Bjoraker, K.5    Whitley, C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.