메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 11, 2016, Pages

Exposure Patterns Driving Ebola Transmission in West Africa: A Retrospective Observational Study

(62)  Agua Agum, Junerlyn a   Ariyarajah, Archchun a   Aylward, Bruce a   Bawo, Luke b   Bilivogui, Pepe c   Blake, Isobel M d   Brennan, Richard J a   Cawthorne, Amy a   Cleary, Eilish a   Clement, Peter a   Conteh, Roland e   Cori, Anne d   Dafae, Foday e   Dahl, Benjamin f   Dangou, Jean Marie a   Diallo, Boubacar a   Donnelly, Christl A d   Dorigatti, Ilaria d   Dye, Christopher a   Eckmanns, Tim a,g   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY FLUID; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER; EXPOSURE; FAMILY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POSTHUMOUS CARE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; EBOLAVIRUS; EPIDEMIC; GUINEA; HEMORRHAGIC FEVER, EBOLA; LIBERIA; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SIERRA LEONE; TRANSMISSION; VIROLOGY;

EID: 84999737856     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002170     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 84907193791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak
    • 25214632,..;: –
    • Gire SK, Goba A, Andersen KG, Sealfon RS, Park DJ, Kanneh L, et al. Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. Science. 2014;345(6202):1369–72. doi: 10.1126/science.125965725214632.
    • (2014) Science , vol.345 , Issue.6202 , pp. 1369-1372
    • Gire, S.K.1    Goba, A.2    Andersen, K.G.3    Sealfon, R.S.4    Park, D.J.5    Kanneh, L.6
  • 3
    • 84455162509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Masindi District, Uganda: outbreak description and lessons learned
    • 22204600,..;:.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3276451
    • Borchert M, Mutyaba I, Van Kerkhove MD, Lutwama J, Luwaga H, Bisoborwa G, et al. Ebola haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Masindi District, Uganda: outbreak description and lessons learned. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:357. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-35722204600; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3276451.
    • (2011) BMC Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 357
    • Borchert, M.1    Mutyaba, I.2    Van Kerkhove, M.D.3    Lutwama, J.4    Luwaga, H.5    Bisoborwa, G.6
  • 5
    • 0018104527 scopus 로고
    • Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976
    • 307456,.;: –
    • Commission International, Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Bull World Health Organ. 1978;56(2):271–93. 307456
    • (1978) Bull World Health Organ , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-293
    • Commission, I.1
  • 6
    • 84999880513 scopus 로고
    • Report of a WHO/International Study Team
    • Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1976Report of a WHO/International Study Team. Bull World Health Organ. 1978;56(2247–70).
    • (1978) Bull World Health Organ , vol.56 , pp. 2247-2270
  • 7
    • 84934779952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What factors might have led to the emergence of Ebola in West Africa
    • 26042592,..;:
    • Alexander K, Sanderson C, Marathe M, Lewis B, Rivers C, Shaman J, et al. What factors might have led to the emergence of Ebola in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(6):e0003652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.000365226042592
    • (2015) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. e0003652
    • Alexander, K.1    Sanderson, C.2    Marathe, M.3    Lewis, B.4    Rivers, C.5    Shaman, J.6
  • 8
    • 84907424178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola virus disease in West Africa—no early end to the outbreak
    • 25140856,.;: –
    • Chan M, Ebola virus disease in West Africa—no early end to the outbreak. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(13):1183–5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp140985925140856
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.371 , Issue.13 , pp. 1183-1185
    • Chan, M.1
  • 9
    • 84999863485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • .:; [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from:
    • World Health OrganizationEbola response roadmap situation report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014Nov12 [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/141468/1/roadmapsitrep_12Nov2014_eng.pdf.
    • (2014)
  • 10
    • 84999672877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • .:; [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from:
    • World Health Organization. Ebola situation report—17 June 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015Jun17 [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/ebola/current-situation/ebola-situation-report-17-june-2015.
    • (2015)
  • 11
    • 84908072433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola virus disease in West Africa—the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections
    • 25244186,.;: –.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4235004
    • WHO Ebola Response TeamEbola virus disease in West Africa—the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(16):1481–95. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa141110025244186; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4235004.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.371 , Issue.16 , pp. 1481-1495
  • 12
    • 84922311621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West African Ebola epidemic after one year—slowing but not yet under control
    • 25539446,.;: –
    • WHO Ebola Response TeamWest African Ebola epidemic after one year—slowing but not yet under control. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(6):584–7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc141499225539446.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , Issue.6 , pp. 584-587
  • 13
    • 84925390243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola virus disease among children in West Africa
    • 25806936,.;: –
    • WHO Ebola Response TeamEbola virus disease among children in West Africa. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(13):1274–7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc141531825806936
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , Issue.13 , pp. 1274-1277
  • 14
    • 84954047733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola virus disease among male and female persons in West Africa
    • WHO Ebola Response TeamEbola virus disease among male and female persons in West Africa. N Engl J Med. 2016;2016(374):96–8.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.2016 , Issue.374 , pp. 96-98
  • 15
    • 84999695254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Standards and Technology. Secure Hash Standard (SHS). FIPS 180–4. Gaithersburg (Maryland): National Institute of Standards and Technology; 2015 Aug [cited 2016 Oct 20]. Available from:
    • National Institute of Standards and Technology. Secure Hash Standard (SHS). FIPS 180–4. Gaithersburg (Maryland): National Institute of Standards and Technology; 2015 Aug [cited 2016 Oct 20]. Available from: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf.
  • 16
    • 84999730006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • .:; [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from:
    • World Health OrganizationCase definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014Aug9 [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/ebola-case-definition-contact-en.pdf.
    • (2014)
  • 17
    • 84999651702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnham KP, Anderson DR, Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. 2nd ed.New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002.
    • (2002)
    • Burnham, K.P.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 18
    • 39049108853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating individual and household reproduction numbers in an emerging epidemic
    • 17712406,.;:.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1950082
    • Fraser C, Estimating individual and household reproduction numbers in an emerging epidemic. PLoS ONE. 2007;2(8):e758. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.000075817712406; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1950082.
    • (2007) PLoS ONE , vol.2 , Issue.8 , pp. e758
    • Fraser, C.1
  • 19
    • 84884345385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new framework and software to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers during epidemics
    • 24043437,.;: –.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3816335
    • Cori A, Ferguson NM, Fraser C, Cauchemez S, A new framework and software to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers during epidemics. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(9):1505–12. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt13324043437; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3816335.
    • (2013) Am J Epidemiol , vol.178 , Issue.9 , pp. 1505-1512
    • Cori, A.1    Ferguson, N.M.2    Fraser, C.3    Cauchemez, S.4
  • 20
    • 37049084076 scopus 로고
    • Regression techniques for the detection of analytical bias
    • Ripley BD, Thompson M, Regression techniques for the detection of analytical bias. Analyst. 1987;112:377–83.
    • (1987) Analyst , vol.112 , pp. 377-383
    • Ripley, B.D.1    Thompson, M.2
  • 21
    • 84999838377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therneau T. deming: Deming, Thiel-Sen and Passing-Bablock Regression. Version 1.0–1. R Project for Statistical Computing; 2014 Sep 24 [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from:
    • Therneau T. deming: Deming, Thiel-Sen and Passing-Bablock Regression. Version 1.0–1. R Project for Statistical Computing; 2014 Sep 24 [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=deming.
  • 22
    • 84999736855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Foundation. The R Project for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation; 2014 [cited 2016 Oct 20]. Available from:
    • R Foundation. The R Project for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation; 2014 [cited 2016 Oct 20]. Available from: https://www.r-project.org/.
  • 23
    • 0033061837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidemies a Kikwit
    • 9988169,.;: –
    • Dowell SF, Mukunu R, Ksiazek TG, Khan AS, Rollin PE, Peters CJ, Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidemies a Kikwit. J Infect Dis. 1999;179(Suppl 1):S87–91. doi: 10.1086/5142849988169.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. S87-91
    • Dowell, S.F.1    Mukunu, R.2    Ksiazek, T.G.3    Khan, A.S.4    Rollin, P.E.5    Peters, C.J.6
  • 24
    • 77954454249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola hemorrhagic fever associated with novel virus strain, Uganda, 2007–2008
    • 20587179,..;: –.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3321896
    • Wamala JF, Lukwago L, Malimbo M, Nguku P, Yoti Z, Musenero M, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever associated with novel virus strain, Uganda, 2007–2008. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16(7):1087–92. doi: 10.3201/eid1607.09152520587179; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3321896.
    • (2010) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.16 , Issue.7 , pp. 1087-1092
    • Wamala, J.F.1    Lukwago, L.2    Malimbo, M.3    Nguku, P.4    Yoti, Z.5    Musenero, M.6
  • 25
    • 10744231342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda
    • 14718087,..;: –.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3035551
    • Francesconi P, Yoti Z, Declich S, Onek PA, Fabiani M, Olango J, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(11):1430–7. doi: 10.3201/eid0911.03033914718087; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3035551.
    • (2003) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.9 , Issue.11 , pp. 1430-1437
    • Francesconi, P.1    Yoti, Z.2    Declich, S.3    Onek, P.A.4    Fabiani, M.5    Olango, J.6
  • 26
    • 27844455994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence
    • 16292310,.;: –
    • Lloyd-Smith JO, Schreiber SJ, Kopp PE, Getz WM, Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence. Nature. 2005;438(7066):355–9. doi: 10.1038/nature0415316292310.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , Issue.7066 , pp. 355-359
    • Lloyd-Smith, J.O.1    Schreiber, S.J.2    Kopp, P.E.3    Getz, W.M.4
  • 27
    • 84920273407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid assessment of Ebola infection prevention and control needs—six districts, Sierra Leone, October 2014
    • 25503922,..;: –
    • Pathmanathan I, O’Connor KA, Adams ML, Rao CY, Kilmarx PH, Park BJ, et al. Rapid assessment of Ebola infection prevention and control needs—six districts, Sierra Leone, October 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(49):1172–4. 25503922
    • (2014) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.63 , Issue.49 , pp. 1172-1174
    • Pathmanathan, I.1    O’Connor, K.A.2    Adams, M.L.3    Rao, C.Y.4    Kilmarx, P.H.5    Park, B.J.6
  • 28
    • 84999797798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • .:; [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from:
    • World Health OrganizationEbola outbreak 2014–2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016 [cited 2016 Oct 12]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/.
    • (2016)
  • 29
    • 84923270215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chains of transmission and control of Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea, in 2014: an observational study
    • 25619149,..;: –
    • Faye O, Boelle PY, Heleze E, Faye O, Loucoubar C, Magassouba N, et al. Chains of transmission and control of Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea, in 2014: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(3):320–6. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71075-825619149.
    • (2015) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 320-326
    • Faye, O.1    Boelle, P.Y.2    Heleze, E.3    Faye, O.4    Loucoubar, C.5    Magassouba, N.6
  • 30
    • 84931314278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cluster of Ebola virus disease, Bong and Montserrado Counties, Liberia
    • 26079309,..;: –
    • Nyenswah T, Fallah M, Calvert G, Duwor S, Hamilton E, Mokashi V, et al. Cluster of Ebola virus disease, Bong and Montserrado Counties, Liberia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(7):1253–6. doi: 10.3201/eid2107.15051126079309
    • (2015) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 1253-1256
    • Nyenswah, T.1    Fallah, M.2    Calvert, G.3    Duwor, S.4    Hamilton, E.5    Mokashi, V.6
  • 31
    • 84931074456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the last known cluster of Ebola virus disease—Liberia, January–February 2015
    • 25974635,..:: –
    • Nyenswah T, Fallah M, Sieh S, Kollie K, Badio M, Gray A, et al. Controlling the last known cluster of Ebola virus disease—Liberia, January–February 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015:64:500–4. 25974635
    • (2015) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.64 , pp. 500-504
    • Nyenswah, T.1    Fallah, M.2    Sieh, S.3    Kollie, K.4    Badio, M.5    Gray, A.6
  • 32
    • 84947981325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and risk factors for Ebola virus infection in Sierra Leone—May 23, 2014–January 31, 2015
    • 26179011,.;: –
    • Dietz P, Jambai A, Paweska JT, Yoti Z, Ksaizek TG, Epidemiology and risk factors for Ebola virus infection in Sierra Leone—May 23, 2014–January 31, 2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(11):1648–54. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ56826179011
    • (2015) Clin Infect Dis , vol.61 , Issue.11 , pp. 1648-1654
    • Dietz, P.1    Jambai, A.2    Paweska, J.T.3    Yoti, Z.4    Ksaizek, T.G.5
  • 33
    • 84942088679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased Ebola transmission after rapid response to outbreaks in remote areas, Liberia, 2014
    • 26402477,..;: –
    • Lindblade KA, Kateh F, Nagbe TK, Neatherlin JC, Pillai SK, Attfield KR, et al. Decreased Ebola transmission after rapid response to outbreaks in remote areas, Liberia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(10):1800–7. doi: 10.3201/eid2110.15091226402477
    • (2015) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1800-1807
    • Lindblade, K.A.1    Kateh, F.2    Nagbe, T.K.3    Neatherlin, J.C.4    Pillai, S.K.5    Attfield, K.R.6
  • 34
    • 84999684364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamunu M, Lutwama JJ, Kamugisha J, Opio A, Nambooze J, Ndayimirije N, et al. Containing hemorrhagic fever epidemic, the ebola experience in Uganda (October 2000–January 2001). 10th International Congress on Infectious Diseases; 2002 Mar 11–14; Singapore
    • Lamunu M, Lutwama JJ, Kamugisha J, Opio A, Nambooze J, Ndayimirije N, et al. Containing hemorrhagic fever epidemic, the ebola experience in Uganda (October 2000–January 2001). 10th International Congress on Infectious Diseases; 2002 Mar 11–14; Singapore.
  • 35
    • 0032997829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: risk factors for patients without a reported exposure
    • 9988170,..;: –
    • Roels TH, Bloom AS, Buffington J, Muhungu GL, Mac Kenzie WR, Khan AS, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: risk factors for patients without a reported exposure. J Infect Dis. 1999;179(Suppl 1):S92–7. doi: 10.1086/5142869988170.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. S92-s97
    • Roels, T.H.1    Bloom, A.S.2    Buffington, J.3    Muhungu, G.L.4    Mac Kenzie, W.R.5    Khan, A.S.6
  • 36
    • 84943631429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of Ebola viral load at admission and other patient characteristics to mortality in a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Ebola Case Management Centre (CMC), Kailahun, Sierra Leone, June–October, 2014
    • 26002981,..;: –
    • Fitzpatrick G, Vogt F, Gbabai OBM, Decroo T, Keane M, De Clerck H, et al. The contribution of Ebola viral load at admission and other patient characteristics to mortality in a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Ebola Case Management Centre (CMC), Kailahun, Sierra Leone, June–October, 2014. J Infect Dis. 2015;212(11):1752–8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv30426002981
    • (2015) J Infect Dis , vol.212 , Issue.11 , pp. 1752-1758
    • Fitzpatrick, G.1    Vogt, F.2    Gbabai, O.B.M.3    Decroo, T.4    Keane, M.5    De Clerck, H.6
  • 37
    • 84908032033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria, July to September 2014
    • 25323076,..;:
    • Fasina F, Shittu A, Lazarus D, Tomori O, Simonsen L, Viboud C, et al. Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria, July to September 2014. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(40):20920. 25323076
    • (2014) Euro Surveill , vol.19 , Issue.40 , pp. 20920
    • Fasina, F.1    Shittu, A.2    Lazarus, D.3    Tomori, O.4    Simonsen, L.5    Viboud, C.6
  • 39
    • 70049109406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability and social heterogeneity in disease transmission: the case of SARS in Hong Kong
    • 19696879,.;:.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2717369
    • Cori A, Boelle PY, Thomas G, Leung GM, Valleron AJ, Temporal variability and social heterogeneity in disease transmission: the case of SARS in Hong Kong. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009;5(8):e1000471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.100047119696879; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2717369.
    • (2009) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp. e1000471
    • Cori, A.1    Boelle, P.Y.2    Thomas, G.3    Leung, G.M.4    Valleron, A.J.5
  • 40
    • 5444243089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting super spreading events during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemics in Hong Kong and Singapore
    • 15466494,..;: –
    • Li Y, Yu IT, Xu P, Lee JH, Wong TW, Ooi PL, et al. Predicting super spreading events during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemics in Hong Kong and Singapore. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(8):719–28. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh27315466494.
    • (2004) Am J Epidemiol , vol.160 , Issue.8 , pp. 719-728
    • Li, Y.1    Yu, I.T.2    Xu, P.3    Lee, J.H.4    Wong, T.W.5    Ooi, P.L.6
  • 41
    • 79961023614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Super-spreaders in infectious diseases
    • 21737332,.;: –
    • Stein RA, Super-spreaders in infectious diseases. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15(8):e510–3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.06.02021737332.
    • (2011) Int J Infect Dis , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. e510-e513
    • Stein, R.A.1
  • 42
    • 84940483489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle East respiratory syndrome: a global health challenge
    • 26084030,.;: –
    • Gostin LO, Lucey D, Middle East respiratory syndrome: a global health challenge. JAMA. 2015;314(8):771–2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.764626084030
    • (2015) JAMA , vol.314 , Issue.8 , pp. 771-772
    • Gostin, L.O.1    Lucey, D.2
  • 43
    • 23844456922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale, resurgent epidemics in a hierarchical metapopulation model
    • 16055564,.;: –.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1183543
    • Watts DJ, Muhamad R, Medina DC, Dodds PS, Multiscale, resurgent epidemics in a hierarchical metapopulation model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(32):11157–62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.050122610216055564; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1183543.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.102 , Issue.32 , pp. 11157-11162
    • Watts, D.J.1    Muhamad, R.2    Medina, D.C.3    Dodds, P.S.4
  • 44
    • 77954594423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and control of diseases in networks with community structure
    • 20386735,.;:.; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2851561
    • Salathe M, Jones JH, Dynamics and control of diseases in networks with community structure. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010;6(4):e1000736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.100073620386735; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2851561.
    • (2010) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. e1000736
    • Salathe, M.1    Jones, J.H.2
  • 45
    • 84941774013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ring vaccination trial: a novel cluster randomized controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola
    • 26215666,.;:
    • Ebola ça Suffit Ring Vaccination Trial ConsortiumThe ring vaccination trial: a novel cluster randomized controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola. BMJ. 2015;351:h3740. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h374026215666
    • (2015) BMJ , vol.351 , pp. h3740
  • 46
    • 84930794022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebola transmission linked to a single traditional funeral ceremony—Kissidougou, Guinea, December, 2014–January 2015
    • 25879897,.;: –
    • Victory KR, Coronado F, Ifono SO, Soropogui T, Dahl BA, Ebola transmission linked to a single traditional funeral ceremony—Kissidougou, Guinea, December, 2014–January 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(14):386–8. 25879897
    • (2015) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.64 , Issue.14 , pp. 386-388
    • Victory, K.R.1    Coronado, F.2    Ifono, S.O.3    Soropogui, T.4    Dahl, B.A.5
  • 47
    • 84941741572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liberia confirms Ebola case two months after being declared free of the disease
    • 26138714,.;:
    • Gulland A, Liberia confirms Ebola case two months after being declared free of the disease. BMJ. 2015;350:h3620. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h362026138714
    • (2015) BMJ , vol.350 , pp. h3620
    • Gulland, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.