Facets of the fundamental content dimensions: Agency with competence and assertiveness-communion with warmth and morality

Frontiers in Psychology

Volumn 7, Issue , 2016, Pages

  Abele, Andrea E ^a   Hauke, Nicole ^a   Peters, Kim ^b   Louvet, Eva ^c   Szymkow, Aleksandra ^d   Duan, Yanping ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

^d SWPS UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES   (Poland)

^e HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Agency; Assertiveness; Communion; Competence; Cross cultural research; Facet model; Morality; Warmth

Indexed keywords

EID: 84998953647     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01810     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Abele, A. E. (2014). Pursuit of communal values in an agentic manner: a way to happiness? Front. Psychol. 5:1320. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01320
2. Abele, A. E., and Bruckmüller, S. (2011). The bigger one of the "Big Two"? Preferential processing of communal information. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 47, 935-948. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.028
3. Abele, A. E., Bruckmüller, S., and Wojciszke, B. (2014). You are so kind-and I am so kind and smart: actor-observer differences in the interpretation of on-going behavior. Polish Psychol. Bull. 45, 394-401. doi: 10.2478/ppb-2014-0048
4. Abele, A. E., Cuddy, A. J. C., Judd, C. M., and Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2008). Fundamental dimensions of social judgment. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 38, 1063-1065. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.574
5. Abele, A. E., Rupprecht, T., and Wojciszke, B. (2008). The influence of success and failure experiences on agency. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 38, 436-448. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.454
6. Abele, A. E., Uchronski, M., Suitner, C., and Wojciszke, B. (2008). Towards an operationalization of the fundamental dimensions of agency and communion: trait content ratings in five countries considering valence and frequency of word occurrence. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 38, 1202-1217. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.575
7. Abele, A. E., and Wojciszke, B. (2007). Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 93, 751-763. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.751
8. Abele, A. E., and Wojciszke, B. (2014). Communal and agentic content in social cognition: a dual perspective model. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 50, 195-255. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800284-1.00004-7
9. Aegisdóttir, S., Gerstein, L. H., and çinarbaş, D. C. (2008). Methodological issues in cross-cultural counseling research: equivalence, bias, and translations. Couns. Psychol. 36, 188-219. doi: 10.1177/0011000007305384
10. Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika 52, 317-332. doi: 10.1007/BF02294359
11. Ames, D. R., Bianchi, E. C., and Magee, J. C. (2010). Professed impressions: what people say about others affects onlookers' perceptions of speakers' power and warmth. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 46, 152-158. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.011
12. Bakan, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence. An Essay on Psychology and Religion. Chicago, IL: Rand Mcnally.
13. Barkow, J. (1980). "Prestige and self-esteem: a biosocial interpretation". in Dominance Relations: An Ethological View of Human Conflict and Social Interaction, eds D. Omark, F. Strayer, and D. Freedman ( New York, NY: Garland STPM Press), 319-332.
14. Bergsieker, H. B., Leslie, L. M., Constantine, V. S., and Fiske, S. T. (2012). Stereotyping by omission: eliminate the negative, accentuate the positive. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 102, 1214-1238. doi: 10.1037/a0027717
15. Bergsieker, H. B., Shelton, J. N., and Richeson, J. A. (2010). To be liked versus respected: divergent goals in interracial interactions. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 99, 248-264. doi: 10.1037/a0018474
16. Bertolotti, M., Catellani, P., Douglas, K., and Sutton, R. (2013). The "Big Two". in political communication: the effects of attacking and defending politicians' leadership or morality. Soc. Psychol. 44, 117-128. doi: 1027/1864-9335/a000141
17. Bi, C., Ybarra, O., and Zhao, Y. (2013). Accentuating your masculine side. Agentic traits generally dominate self-evaluation, even in China. Soc. Psychol. 44, 104-109. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000144
18. Blackburn, R., Renwick, S. D., Donnelly, J. P., and Logan, C. (2004). Big five or big two? Superordinate factors in the neo five factor inventory and the antisocial personality questionnaire. Pers. Individ. Dif. 37, 957-970. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.017
19. Blasberg, S. A., Rogers, K. H., and Paulhus, D. L. (2014). The bidimensional impression management index (BIMI): measuring agentic and communal forms of impression management. J. Pers. Assess. 96, 523-531. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2013.862252
20. Brambilla, M., and Leach, C. W. (2014). On the importance of being moral: the distinctive role of morality in social judgment. Soc. Cogn. 32, 397-408. doi: 10.1521/soco.2014.32.4.397
21. Brambilla, M., Rusconi, P., Sacchi, S., and Cherubini, P. (2011). Looking for honesty: the primary role of morality (vs. sociability and competence) in information gathering. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 41, 135-143. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.744
22. Brambilla, M., Sacchi, S., Pagliaro, S., and Ellemers, N. (2013). Morality and intergroup relations: threats to safety and group image predict the desire to interact with outgroup and ingroup members. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 49, 811-821. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.04.005
23. Brambilla, M., Sacchi, S., Rusconi, P., Cherubini, P., and Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2012). You want to give a good impression? Be honest Moral traits dominate group impression formation. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 51, 149-166. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02011.x
24. Carrier, A., Louvet, E., Chauvin, B., and Rohmer, O. (2014). The primacy of agency over competence in status perception. Soc. Psychol. 45, 347-356. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000176
25. Catellani, P., and Bertolotti, M. (2014). "Political communication, social cognitive processes, and voters' judgments". in Social Cognition and Communication, eds J. P. Forgas, O. Vincze, and J. László ( New York, NY, US: Psychology Press), 283-296.
26. Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behav. Res. 1, 245-276.
27. Cislak, A. (2013). Effects of power on social perception: all your boss can see is agency. Soc. Psychol. 44, 138-146. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000139
28. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
29. Costello, A. B., and Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract. Assess. Res. Eval. 10. Available online at: http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=10&n=7
30. Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., and Glick, P. (2008). Warmth and competence as universal dimensions of social perception: the stereotype content model and the BIAS Map. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 40, 61-149. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00002-0
31. Diehl, M., Owen, S. K., and Youngblade, L. M. (2004). Agency and communion attributes in adults' spontaneous self-representations. Int. J. Behav. Dev. 28, 1-15. doi: 10.1080/01650250344000226
32. Donnellan, M. B., Oswald, F. L., Baird, B. M., and Lucas, R. E. (2006). The miniIPIP scales: tiny-yet-effective measures of the big five factors of personality. Psychol. Assess. 18, 192-203. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.192
33. Durante, F., Fiske, S. T., Kervyn, N., Cuddy, A. J. C., Amy, J. C., Akande, A. D., et al. (2013). Nations' income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: how societies mind the gap. Br. J. Psychol. 52, 726-746. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12005
34. Ely, R., Melzi, G., Hadge, L., and McCabe, A. (1998). Being brave, being nice: themes of agency and communion in children's narratives. J. Pers. 66, 257-284. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00012
35. Enders, C. K., and Tofighi, D. (2008). The impact of misspecifying class-specific residual variances in growth mixture models. Struct. Equat. Model. 15, 75-95. doi: 10.1080/10705510701758281
36. Fan, X., Thompson, B., and Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Struct. Equat. Model. 6, 56-83. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540119
37. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., and Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: warmth and competence. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005
38. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., and Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 82, 878-902. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878
39. Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Verplanken, B., and Maio, G. R. (2012). Communal narcissism. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 103, 854-878. doi: 10.1037/a0029629
40. Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Wagner, J., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P., Potter, J., et al. (2015). Cultural norm-fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 109, 526-548. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000052
41. Gebauer, J., Wagner, J., Sedikides, C., and Neberich, W. (2013). Agencycommunion and self-esteem relations are moderated by culture, religiosity, age, and sex: evidence for the "self-centrality breads self-enhancement". principle. J. Pers. 81, 261-275. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00807.x
42. Hannover, B., Kühnen, U., and Birkner, N. (2000). Inter-vs. independentes Selbstwissen als Determinante von Assimilation und Kontrast bei kontextuellem Priming. [Interdependent and independent self-knowledge as a determinant of assimilation versus contrast in contextual priming]. Z. Sozialpsychol. 31, 44-56. doi: 10.1024//0044-3514.31.1.44
43. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in WorkRelated Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
44. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., and Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, 3rd Edn. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
45. Hogan, R. (1982). "A socioanalytic theory of personality". in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed M. Page (Lincoln, OR: University of Nebraska Press), 336-355.
46. Horn, J. L. (1991). "Comments on "Issues in factorial invariance."". in Best Methods for the Analysis of Change, eds L. M. Collins and J. L. Horn, ( Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), 114-125.
47. Horn, J. L., McArdle, J. J., and Mason, R. (1983). When is invariance not invariant: a practical scientist's look at the ethereal concept of factor invariance. South. Psychol. 1, 179-188.
48. Horowitz, L. M., Wilson, K. R., Turan, B., Zolotsev, P., Constantino, M. J., and Henderson, L. (2006). How interpersonal motives clarify the meaning of interpersonal behavior: a revised circumplex model. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 10, 67-86. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_4
49. Hu, L., and Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct. Equat. Model. 6, 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
50. Huang, R., Liu, M., and Yao, S. (2009). The self-construal scale: an examination of its reliability and validity among Chinese university students. Chinese J. Clin. Psychol. 17, 306-308.
51. Judd, C. M., James-Hawkins, L., Yzerbyt, V. Y., and Kashima, Y. (2005). Fundamental dimensions of social judgement: understanding the relations between judgments of competence and warmth. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 89, 899-913. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.899
52. Kervyn, N., Fiske, S. T., and Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2015). Forecasting the primary dimension of social perception: symbolic and realistic threats together predict warmth in the stereotype content model. Soc. Psychol. 46, 36-45. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000219
53. Kervyn, N., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Judd, C. M., and Nunes, A. (2009). A question of compensation: the social life of the fundamental dimensions of social perception. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 96, 828-842. doi: 10.1037/a0013320
54. Kitayama, S., Park, J., and Cho, Y. (2015). "Culture and neuroplasticity". in Handbook of Advances in Culture and Psychology, Vol. 5, eds M. Gelfand, C. Chiu, and Y. Hong, (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), 38-100.
55. Leach, C. W., Ellemers, N., and Barreto, M. (2007). Group virtue: the importance of morality (vs. competence and sociability) in the positive evaluation of in-groups. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 93, 234-249. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.234
56. Leary, M. R. (2012). "Sociometer theory". in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, Vol. 2, eds P. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, and E. T. Higgins (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.), 151-159.
57. Leung, S. O., and Wong, P. M. (2008). Validity and reliability of Chinese Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. New Horizons Educ. 56, 62-69.
58. Markus, H. R., and Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychol. Rev. 20, 568-579. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
59. McAdams, D. P. (1988). Power, Intimacy, and the Life Story. Personological Inquiries into Identity. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
60. McCrae, R. R., and Costa, P. T. (1996). "Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the Five-Factor Model". in The Five Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives, ed J. S. Wiggins (New York, NY: Guilford Press),51-87.
61. Laguna, M., Lachowicz-Tabaczek, K., and Dzwonkowska, I. (2007). Skalasamooceny SES MorrisaRosenberga-Polskaadaptacjametody [The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Polish adaptation of the scale]. PsychologiaSpoleczna 2, 164-176.
62. Muthén, L. K., and Muthén, B. O. (1998). Mplus User's Guide. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
63. Paulhus, D. L., and John, O. P. (1998). Egoistic and moralistic biases in selfperception: the interplay of self-deceptive styles with basic traits and motives. J. Pers. 66, 1025-1060. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00041
64. Paulhus, D. L., and Trapnell, P. D. (2008). "Self-presentation of personality: An agency-communion framework". in Handbook of Personality Psychology: Theory and Research, 3rd Edn, eds O. P. John, R. W. Robins and L. A. Pervin (New York, NY: Guilford Press), 492-517.
65. Peters, K., and Kashima, Y. (2014). "Gossiping as moral social action: A functionalist account of gossiper perceptions". in Social Cognition and Communication. Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology, eds J. Forgas, O. Vincze, and J. László ( New York, NY: Psychology Press), 185-201.
66. Pilarska, A. (2011). Polska adaptacja Skali Konstruktów Ja [Polish adaptation of the Self-Construal Scale]. Stud. Psychol. 49, 21-34.
67. Plaisant, O., Courtois, R., Réveillère, C., Mendelsohn, G. A., and John, O. P. (2010). Validation par analyse factorielle du Big Five Inventory Français (BFI-Fr). Analyse convergente avec le NEO-PI-R. [Factor structure and internal reliability of the French Big Five Inventory (BFI-Fr). Convergent and discriminant validation with the NEO-PI-R.]. Ann. Médico Psychol. 168, 97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.amp.2009.09.003
68. Rammstedt, B., and John, O. P. (2005). Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): Entwicklung und Validierung eines ökonomischen Inventars zur Erfassung der fünf Faktoren der Persönlichkeit [Short version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): Development and validation of an economic inventory for assessment of the five factors of personality]. Diagnostica 51, 195-206. doi: 10.1026/0012-1924.51.4.195
69. Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. New York, NY: Free Press.
70. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
71. Saucier, G., Thalmayer, A. G., Payne, D. L., Carlson, R., Sanogo, L., Ole-Kotikash, L., et al. (2014). A basic bivariate structure of personality attributes evident across nine languages. J. Pers. 82, 1-14. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12028
72. Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content of values: theoretical advances and empirical test in 20 countries. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol, 25, 1-65. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
73. Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Stat. 6, 461-464.
74. Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 20, 580-591. doi: 10.1177/0146167294205014
75. Skowronski, J., and Carlston, D. (1987). Social judgment and social memory: the role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity bias. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 52, 689-699. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.689
76. Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., and Stapp, J. (1974). The personal attributes questionnaire: a measure of sex role stereotypes and masculinity femininity. Psychology, 4, 43-44. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.624
77. Steenkamp, J. M., and Baumgartner, H. (1998). Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. J. Consum. Res. 25, 78-90. doi: 10.1086/209528
78. Stephens, N. M., Fryberg, S. A., Markus, H. R., Johnson, C. S., and Covarrubias, R. (2012). Unseen disadvantage: how American universities' focus on independence undermines the academic performance of first-generation college students. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 102, 1178-1197. doi: 10.1037/a0027143
79. Tofighi, D., and Enders, C. K. (2007). "Identifying the correct number of classes in mixture models". in Advances in Latent Variable Mixture Models, eds G. R. Hancock and K. M. Samulelsen(Greenwich, CT: Information Age), 317-341.
80. Trapnell, P. D., and Paulhus, D. L. (2012). Agentic and communal values: their scope and measurement. J. Pers. Assess. 94, 39-52. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2011.627968
81. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. New Directions in Social Psychology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
82. Uchronski, M. (2008). Agency and communion in spontaneous self-descriptions: occurrence and situational malleability. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 38, 1093-1102. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.563
83. Vallières, E. F., and Vallerand, R. J. (1990). Traduction et validation canadiennefrançaise de l'échelle de l'Estime de Soi de Rosenberg. [French-Canadian translation and validation of Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale.] Int. J. Psychol. 25, 305-316. doi: 10.1080/00207599008247865
84. Varnum, M. W., Grossmann, I., Kitayama, S., and Nisbett, R. E. (2010). The origin of cultural differences in cognition: the social orientation hypothesis. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 19, 9-13. doi: 10.1177/0963721409359301
85. von Collani, G., and Herzberg, P. Y. (2003). Eine revidierte Fassung der deutschsprachigen Skala zum Selbstwertgefühl von Rosenberg. [A revised version of the German adaptation of Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale.] Z. Dif. Diagnostische Psychol. 24, 3-7. doi: 10.1024//0170-1789.24.1.3
86. Walker, L. J., and Henning, K. H. (2004). Differing conceptions of moral exemplarity: just, brave, and caring. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 86, 629-647. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.629
87. Wiggins, J. S. (1979). A psychological taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms: the interpersonal domain. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 37, 395-412. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.37.3.395
88. Wiggins, J. S. (1991). "Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the understanding and measurement of interpersonal behaviour". in Thinking Clearly About Psychology: Essays in Honour of Paul Everett Meehl, eds W. Grove and D. Ciccetti, ( Minneapolis, MI: University of Minnesota Press), 89-113.
89. Wojciszke, B. (1994). Multiple meanings of behavior: construing actions in terms of competence or morality. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 67, 222-232.
90. Wojciszke, B. (2005). Morality and competence in person and self perception. Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol. 16, 155-188. doi: 10.1080/10463280500229619
91. Wojciszke, B., and Abele, A. E. (2008). The primacy of communion over agency and its reversals in evaluations. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 38, 1139-1147. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.549
92. Wojciszke, B., Abele, A. E., and Baryla, W. (2009). Two dimensions of interpersonal attitudes: liking depends on communion, respect depends on agency. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 39, 973-990. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.595
93. Wojciszke, B., Baryla, W., Parzuchowski, M., Szymkow, A., and Abele, A. E. (2011). Self-esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 41, 617-627. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.791
94. Wojciszke, B., Bazinska, R., and Jaworski, M. (1998). On the dominance of moral categories in impression formation. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 24, 1245-1257. doi: 10.1177/01461672982412001
95. Ybarra, O., Chan, E., and Park, D. (2001). Young and old adults' concerns about morality and competence. Motiv. Emot. 25, 85-100. doi: 10.1023/A:1010633908298
96. Ybarra, O., Chan, E., Park, H., Burnstein, E., Monin, B., and Stanik, C. (2008). Life's recurring challenges and the fundamental dimensions: an integration and its implications for cultural differences and similarities. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 38, 1083-1092. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.559
97. Ybarra, O., Park, H., Stanik, C., and Lee, D. (2012). Self-judgment and reputation monitoring as a function of the fundamental dimensions, temporal perspective, and culture. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 42, 200-209. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.854