Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression in pregnancy

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 215, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 722-730

  Susser, Leah C ^a   Sansone, Stephanie A ^b   Hermann, Alison D ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

antenatal depression; antenatal exposure to antidepressant; antenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant; collaborative care; depression in pregnancy; in utero exposure to antidepressant; in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; perinatal depression; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

ANTENATAL DEPRESSION; ARTICLE; CONCEPTION; FEMALE; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; HUMAN; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; PERINATAL DEPRESSION; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS; CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS; CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

EID: 84995426563     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: 10976868     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.011     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. 1 Siu, A., US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 315 (2016), 380–387.
2. 2 Gavin, N., Gaynes, B., Lohr, K., Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol 106 (2005), 1071–1083.
3. 3 Leung, S., Leung, C., Lam, T., et al. Outcome of a postnatal depression screening programme using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: a randomized controlled trial. J Public Health 33 (2011), 292–301.
4. 4 Wickberg, B., Tjus, T., Hwang, P., Using the EPDS in routine antenatal care in Sweden: a naturalistic study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 23 (2007), 33–41.
5. 5 Scholle, S., Chang, J., Harman, J., et al. Trends in women's health services by type of physician seen: data from the 1985 and 1997–98 NAMCS. Womens Health Issues 12 (2002), 165–177.
6. 6 Yawn, B., Dietrich, A., Wollan, P., et al. TRIPPD: a practice-based network effectiveness study of postpartum depression screening and management. Ann Fam Med 10 (2012), 320–329.
7. 7 Cooney, G., Dwan, K., Mead, G., Exercise for depression. JAMA 311 (2014), 2432–2433.
8. 8 Khazaie, H., Ghadami, M., Knight, D., et al. Insomnia treatment in the third trimester of pregnancy reduces postpartum depression symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res 210 (2013), 901–905.
9. 9 Skouteris, H., Germano, C., Wertheim, E., Paxton, S.J., Milgrom, J., Sleep quality and depression during pregnancy: a prospective study. J Sleep Res 17 (2008), 217–220.
10. 10 Lancaster, C., Gold, K., Flynn, H., et al. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 202 (2010), 5–14.
11. 11 Spinelli, M., Endicott, J., Controlled clinical trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus parenting education program for depressed pregnancy women. Am J Psychiatry 160 (2003), 555–562.
12. 12 Bledsoe, S., Grote, N., Treating depression during pregnancy and the postpartum: a preliminary meta-analysis. Res Social Work Pract 16 (2006), 109–120.
13. 13 Astin, V., Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention during pregnancy on prenatal stress and mood: results of a pilot study. Arch Womens Ment Health 11 (2008), 67–74.
14. 14 Werner, E., Gustafsson, H., Lee, S., et al. PREPP: postpartum depression prevention through the mother-infant dyad. Arch Womens Ment Health 19 (2016), 229–242.
15. 15 Goodman, J., Prager, J., Goldstein, R., et al. Perinatal dyadic psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Arch Womens Ment Health 18 (2015), 493–506.
16. 16 Wirz-Justice, A., Bader, A., Frisch, U., et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of light therapy for antepartum depression. J Clin Psychiatry 72 (2011), 986–993.
17. 17 Manber, R., Schnyer, R., Lyell, D., et al. Acupuncture for depression during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 115 (2010), 511–520.
18. 18 Hansen, R., Gartlehner, G., Lohr, K., et al. Efficacy and safety of second-generation antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Ann Intern Med 143 (2005), 415–426.
19. 19 Warburton, W., Hertzman, C., Oberlander, T., A register study of the impact of stopping third trimester selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure on neonatal health. Acta Psychiatr Scand 121 (2010), 471–479.
20. 20 Sits, D., Perel, J., Helsel, J., Wisdner, K.L., Changes in antidepressant metabolism and dosing across pregnancy and early postpartum. J Clin Psychiatry 69 (2008), 652–658.
21. 21 Sockol, L., Epperson, C., Barber, J.A., Meta-analysis of treatments for perinatal depression. Clin Psychol Rev 31 (2011), 839–849.
22. 22 Cohen, L., Altshuler, L., Harlow, B., et al. Relapse of major depression during pregnancy in women who maintain or discontinue antidepressant treatment. JAMA 295 (2006), 499–507.
23. 23 Thase, M., Greenhouse, J., Frank, E., et al. Treatment of major depression with psychotherapy or psychotherapy-pharmacotherapy combinations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54 (1997), 1009–1015.
24. 24 Yonkers, K., Gotman, N., Smith, M., et al. Does antidepressant use attenuate the risk of a major depressive episode in pregnancy?. Epidemiology 22 (2011), 848–854.
25. 25 Gelenberg, A., Freeman, M., Markowitz, J., et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder third edition. Am J Psychiatry 167 (2010), 1–3 9-11, 13-18.
26. 26 Zuckerman, B., Amaro, H., Bauchner, H., Cabral, H., Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: relationship to poor health behaviors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160 (1989), 1107–1111.
27. 27 Petersen, I., Evans, S., Gilbert, R., et al. Selective reuptake inhibitors and congenital heart anomalies: comparative cohort studies of women treated before and during pregnancy and their children. J Clin Psychiatry 77 (2016), e36–e42.
28. 28 Appleby, L., Mortensen, P., Faragher, E., Suicide and other causes of mortality after post-partum psychiatric admission. Br Med J Psychiatry 173 (1998), 209–211.
29. 29 Khalifeh, H., Hunt, I., Appleby, L., et al. Suicide in perinatal and non-perinatal women in contact with psychiatric services: 15 year findings from a UK national inquiry. Lancet Psychiatry 3 (2016), 233–242.
30. 30 Malm, H., Sourander, A., Gissler, M., et al. Pregnancy complications following prenatal exposure to SSRIs or maternal psychiatric disorders: results from population-based National Register Data. Am J Psychiatry 172 (2015), 1224–1232.
31. 31 Field, T., Diego, M., Dieter, J., et al. Prenatal depression effects on the fetus and the newborn. Infant Behav Dev 27 (2003), 216–229.
32. 32 Allister, L., Lester, B., Carr, S., Liu, J., The effects of maternal depression on fetal heart rate response to vibroacoustic stimulation. Dev Neuropsychol 20 (2001), 639–651.
33. 33 Monk, C., Feng, T., Lee, S., et al. Distress during pregnancy: epigenetic regulation of placenta glucocorticoid-related genes and fetal neurobehavior. Am J Psychiatry Adv 173 (2016), 705–713.
34. 34 Koutra, K., Chatzi, L., Bagkeris, M., Vassilaki, M., Bitsios, P., Kogevinas, M., Antenatal and postnatal maternal mental health as determinants of infant neurodevelopment at 18 months of age in a mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece. Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 48 (2013), 1335–1345.
35. 35 Nulman, I., Koren, G., Rovet, J., et al. Neurodevelopment of children prenatally exposed to selective reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: Toronto Sibling Study. J Clin Psychiatry 76 (2015), e842–e847.
36. 36 Capron, L., Glover, V., Pearson, R., et al. Associations of maternal and paternal antenatal mood with offspring anxiety disorder at age 18 years. J Affect Disord 187 (2015), 20–26.
37. 37 Heron, J., O'Connor, T., Evans, J., et al. The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample. J Affect Disord 80 (2004), 65–73.
38. 38 Milgrom, J., Gemmill, A., Bilszta, J., et al. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord 108 (2008), 147–157.
39. 39 Weissman, M., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., et al. Offspring of depressed parents: 20 years later. Am J Psychiatry 163 (2006), 1001–1008.
40. 40 Barry, T., Murray, L., Fearon, R., et al. Maternal postnatal depression predicts altered offspring biological stress reactivity in adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 52 (2015), 251–260.
41. 41 Righetti-Veltema, M., Conne-Perreard, E., Bousquet, A., Bousquet, A., Manzano, J., Postpartum depression and mother-infant relationship at 2 months old. J Affect Disord 70 (2002), 291–306.
42. 42 Nulman, I., Rovet, J., Stewart, D., et al. Child development following exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine throughout fetal life: a prospective, controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 159 (2002), 1889–1895.
43. 43 Weissman, M., Wickramaratne, P., Pilowsky, D., et al. The effects on children of depressed mothers’ remission and relapse over 9 months. Psychol Med 13 (2014), 2811–2824.
44. 44 Rampono, J., Simmer, K., Ilett, K., et al. Placental transfer of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants and effects on the neonate. Pharmacopsychiatry 42 (2009), 95–100.
45. 45 Hanley, G., Mintzes, B., Patterns of psychotropic medicine use in pregnancy in the United States from 2006 to 2011 among women with private insurance. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14, 2014, 242.
46. 46 Cooper, W., Willy, M., Pont, S., et al. Increasing use of antidepressants in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196 (2007), 544.e1–544.e5.
47. 47 Nillni, Y., Wesselink, A., Gradus, J., et al. Depression, anxiety, and psychotropic medication use and fecundability. Am J Obstet Gynecol 215 (2016), 453.e1–453.e8.
48. 48 Cesta, C., Viktorin, A., Olsson, H., et al. Depression, anxiety, and antidepressant treatment in women: association with in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 105 (2016), 1594–1602.e3.
49. 49 Klock, S.C., Sheinin, S., Kazer, R., Zhang, X., A pilot study of the relationship between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 82 (2004), 968–969.
50. 50 Serafini, P., Lobo, D.S., Grosman, A., Seibel, D., Rocha, A.M., Motta, E.L.A., Fluoxetine treatment for anxiety in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Int J Gynecol Obstet 105 (2009), 136–139.
51. 51 Friedman, B., Rogers, J., Shahine, L., et al. Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 92 (2009), 1312–1314.
52. 52 Nakhai-Pour, H.R., Broy, P., Bérard, A., Use of antidepressants during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Can Med Assoc J 182 (2010), 1031–1037.
53. 53 Ban, L., Tata, L.J., West, J., Fiaschi, L., Gibson, J.E., Live and non-live pregnancy outcomes among women with depression and anxiety: a population-based study. PLoS One, 7, 2012, e43462.
54. 54 Andersen, J.T., Andersen, N.L., Horwitz, H., Poulsen, H.E., Jimenez-Solem, E., Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Obstet Gynecol 124 (2014), 655–661.
55. 55 Kjaersgaard, M., Parner, E., Vestergaard, M., et al. Prenatal antidepressant exposure and risk of spontaneous abortion—a population-based study. PLoS One, 8, 2013, e72095.
56. 56 Johansen, R.L.R., Mortensen, L.H., Andersen, A.M.N., Hansen, A.V., Strandberg-Larsen, K., Maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of miscarriage—assessing potential biases. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 29 (2015), 72–81.
57. 57 Huybrechts, K., Palmsten, K., Avorn, J., et al. Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. N Engl J Med 4 (2014), 2397–2407.
58. 58 Furu, K., Kieler, H., Haglund, B., et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine in early pregnancy and risk of birth defects: population based cohort study and sibling design. BMJ, 350, 2015, h1798.
59. 59 Berard, A., Ramos, E., Rey, E., et al. First trimester exposure to paroxetine and risk of cardiac malformations in infants: the importance of dosage. Birth Defects Res 80 (2007), 18–27.
60. 60 Ban, L., West, J., Gilson, J., et al. First trimester exposure to anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs and the risks of major congenital anomalies: a United Kingdom population-based cohort study. PLoS One, 9, 2014, e100996.
61. 61 Louik, C., Lin, A., Werler, M., Hernández-Díaz, S., Mitchell, A.A., First-trimester use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 356 (2007), 2675–2683.
62. 62 Kallen, B., Olausson, P., Maternal use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in early pregnancy and infant congenital malformations. Birth Defects Res 79 (2007), 301–308.
63. 63 Reefhuis, J., Devine, O., Friedman, J., Louik, C., Honein, M.A., National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Specific SSRIs and birth defects: Bayesian analysis to interpret new data in the context of previous reports. BMJ, 350, 2015, h3190.
64. 64 Huybrechts, K., Bateman, B., Palmsten, K., et al. Antidepressant use late in pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. JAMA 313 (2015), 2142–2151.
65. 65 Chambers, C., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Van Marter, L., et al. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. N Engl J Med 354 (2006), 579–587.
66. 66 Kieler, H., Artama, M., Engeland, A., et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn: population based cohort study from the five Nordic countries. BMJ, 344, 2012, d8012.
67. 67 Oberlander, T., Warburton, W., Misri, S., Aghajanian, J., Hertzman, C., Neonatal outcomes after prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and maternal depression using population-based linked health data. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63 (2006), 898–906.
68. 68 Lund, N., Pedersen, L., Henriksen, T., Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure in utero and pregnancy outcomes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 163 (2009), 949–954.
69. 69 Grzeskowiak, L., Gilbert, A., Morrison, J., Neonatal outcomes after late-gestation exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol 32 (2012), 615–621.
70. 70 Yonkers, K., Norwitz, E., Smith, M., et al. Depression and serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment as risk factors for preterm birth. Epidemiology 23 (2012), 677–685.
71. 71 Nordeng, H., van Gelder, M., Spigset, O., Koren, G., Einarson, A., Eberhard-Gran, Pregnancy outcome after exposure to antidepressants and the role of maternal depression: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 32 (2012), 186–194.
72. 72 Suri, R., Altshuler, L., Hellemann, G., et al. The effects of antenatal depression and antideprssant treatment on gestational age at birth and risk of preterm birth. Am J Psychiatry 164 (2007), 1206–1212.
73. 73 Wang, Y.P., Chen, Y.T., Li, S.Y., Short-term use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Psychiatry 171 (2014), 54–61.
74. 74 Salkeld, E., Ferris, L., Juurlink, D., The risk of postpartum hemorrhage with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacology 28 (2008), 230–234.
75. 75 Lupattelli, A., Spigset, O., Koren, G., Nordeng, H., Risk of vaginal bleeding and postpartum hemorrhage after use of antidepressants in pregnancy: a study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 34 (2014), 143–148.
76. 76 Palmsten, K., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Huybrechts, F., et al. Use of antidepressants near delivery and risk of postpartum hemorrhage: cohort study of low income women in the United States. BMJ, 347, 2013, 14877.
77. 77 Grzeskowiak, L., McBain, R., Dekker, G., et al. Antidepressant use in late gestation and risk of postpartum haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG, 2015.
78. 78 Moses-Kolko, E., Bogen, D., Perel, J., et al. Neonatal signs after late in utero exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. JAMA 293 (2005), 2372–2383.
79. 79 Kieviet, N., Dolman, K., Honig, A., The use of psychotropic medication during pregnancy: how about the newborn?. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 9 (2013), 1257–1266.
80. 80 Oberlander, T., Misri, S., Fitzgerald, C., et al. Pharmacologic factors associated with transient neonatal symptoms following prenatal psychotropic medication exposure. J Clin Psychiatry 65 (2004), 230–237.
81. 81 Grigoriadis, S., VonderPorten, E., Mamisashvili, L., et al. The effect of prenatal antidepressant exposure on neonatal adaptation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 74 (2013), e309–e320.
82. 82 Laine, K., Heikkinen, T., Ekblad, U., Kero, P., Effects of exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy on serotonergic symptoms in newborns and cord blood monoamine and prolactin concentrations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60 (2003), 720–726.
83. 83 Salisbury, A., O'Grady, K., Battle, C., et al. The roles of maternal depression, serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, and concomitant benzodiazepine use on infant neurobehavioral functioning over the first postnatal month. Am J Psychiatry 173 (2016), 147–157.
84. 84 Mulder, E., Ververs, F., de Heus, R., et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors affect neurobehavioral development in the human fetus. Neuropsychopharmacology 36 (2011), 1961–1971.
85. 85 Santucci, A., Singer, L., Wisniewski, S., et al. Impact of prenatal exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors or maternal major depressive disorder on infant developmental outcomes. J Clin Psychiatry 75 (2014), 1088–1095.
86. 86 Pedersen, L., Henriksen, T., Olsen, J., Fetal exposure to antidepressants and normal milestone development at 6 and 19 months of age. Pediatrics 125 (2010), e600–e608.
87. 87 Handal, M., Skurtveit, S., Furu, K., et al. motor development in children prenatally exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a large population-based pregnancy cohort study. BJOG, 2015.
88. 88 Hanley, G., Brain, U., Oberlander, T., Prenatal exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and childhood behavior. Pediatr Res 78 (2015), 174–180.
89. 89 Brandlistuen, R., Ystrom, E., Eberhard-Gran, M., et al. Behavioural effects of fetal antidepressant exposure in a Norwegian cohort of discordant siblings. Int J Epidemiol 44 (2015), 1397–1407.
90. 90 Grzeskowiak, L., Morrison, J., Henriksen, T., et al. Prenatal antidepressant exposure and child behavioural outcomes at 7 years of age: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG 123 (2016), 1919–1928.
91. 91 Croen, L., Grether, J., Yoshida, C., Odouli, R., Hendrick, V., Antidepressant use during pregnancy and childhood autism spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68 (2011), 1104–1112.
92. 92 Rai, D., Lee, B., Dalman, C., Golding, J., Lewis, G., Magnusson, C., Parental depression, maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders: population based case-control study. BMJ, 346, 2013, f2059.
93. 93 Sorensen, M., Gronborg, T., Christensen, J., et al. Antidepressant exposure in pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders. Clin Epidemiol 5 (2013), 449–459.
94. 94 Gidaya, N., Lee, B., Burstyn, I., Yudell, M., Mortensen, E.L., Newschaffer, C.J., In utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 44 (2014), 2558–2567.
95. 95 Harrington, R., Lee, L., Crum, R., Zimmerman, A.W., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Prenatal SSRI use and offspring with autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay. Pediatrics 133 (2014), e1241–e1248.
96. 96 El Marroun, H., White, T., van der Knaap, N., et al. Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and social responsiveness symptoms of autism: population-based study of young children. Br J Psychiatry 205 (2014), 95–102.
97. 97 Hviid, A., Melbye, M., Pasternak, B., Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of autism. N Engl J Med 369 (2013), 2406–2415.
98. 98 Clements, C., Castro, V., Blumenthal, S., et al. Prenatal antidepressant exposure is associated with risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder but not autism spectrum disorder in a large health system. Mol Psychiatry 20 (2015), 727–734.
99. 99 Castro, W., Kong, S., Clements, C., et al. Absence of evidence for increase in risk for autism or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder following antidepressant exposure during pregnancy: a replication study. Transl Psychiatry, 6, 2016, e708.
100. 100 Boukhris, T., Sheeky, O., Mottron, L., Bérard, A., Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in children. JAMA Pediatr 170 (2016), 117–124.
101. 101 Alwan, S., Reefhuis, J., Rasmussen, S., Friedman, J.M., National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Patterns of antidepressant medication use among pregnant women in a United States population. J Clin Pharmacol 51 (2011), 264–270.
102. 102 Roca, A., Imaz, M., Torres, A., et al. Unplanned pregnancy and discontinuation of SSRIs in pregnant women with previously treated affective disorder. J Affect Disord 150 (2013), 807–813.
103. 103 Frisell, T., Oberg, S., Kuja-Halkola, R., Sjolander, A., Sibling comparison designs: bias from non-shared confounders and measurement error. Epidemiology 23 (2012), 713–720.
104. 104 Melville, J., Reed, S., LaRocco-Cockburn, A., et al. Improving care for depression in obstetrics and gynecology: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 123 (2014), 1237–1246.