메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 388, Issue 10052, 2016, Pages 1437-1446

Pathophysiology, research challenges, and clinical management of smoke inhalation injury

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; MUCOLYTIC AGENT;

EID: 84994881892     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: 1474547X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31458-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (83)

References (131)
  • 1
    • 84994824690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Burn Repository, 2015 report: American Burn Association, 2015
    • (accessed March 31, 2016).
    • 1 National Burn Repository, 2015 report: American Burn Association, 2015. http://www.ameriburn.org/2015NBRAnnualReport.pdf (accessed March 31, 2016).
  • 2
    • 33748764561 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary effects of the Cocoanut Grove fire; a 5 year follow up study
    • 2 Pittman, HS, Schatzki, R, Pulmonary effects of the Cocoanut Grove fire; a 5 year follow up study. N Engl J Med, 241, 1949, 1008.
    • (1949) N Engl J Med , vol.241 , pp. 1008
    • Pittman, H.S.1    Schatzki, R.2
  • 3
    • 0027713717 scopus 로고
    • The 1942 fire at Boston's Cocoanut Grove nightclub
    • 3 Saffle, JR, The 1942 fire at Boston's Cocoanut Grove nightclub. Am J Surg 166 (1993), 581–591.
    • (1993) Am J Surg , vol.166 , pp. 581-591
    • Saffle, J.R.1
  • 4
    • 16244409813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A regional burn center's response to a disaster: September 11, 2001, and the days beyond
    • 4 Yurt, RW, Bessey, PQ, Bauer, GJ, et al. A regional burn center's response to a disaster: September 11, 2001, and the days beyond. J Burn Care Rehabil 26 (2005), 117–124.
    • (2005) J Burn Care Rehabil , vol.26 , pp. 117-124
    • Yurt, R.W.1    Bessey, P.Q.2    Bauer, G.J.3
  • 6
    • 0001092369 scopus 로고
    • The effects of inhaled heat on the air passages and lungs: an experimental investigation
    • 6 Moritz, AR, Henriques, FC, McLean, R, The effects of inhaled heat on the air passages and lungs: an experimental investigation. Am J Pathol 21 (1945), 311–331.
    • (1945) Am J Pathol , vol.21 , pp. 311-331
    • Moritz, A.R.1    Henriques, F.C.2    McLean, R.3
  • 7
    • 80052961328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature distribution in the upper airway after inhalation injury
    • 7 Rong, YH, Liu, W, Wang, C, Ning, FG, Zhang, GA, Temperature distribution in the upper airway after inhalation injury. Burns 37 (2011), 1187–1191.
    • (2011) Burns , vol.37 , pp. 1187-1191
    • Rong, Y.H.1    Liu, W.2    Wang, C.3    Ning, F.G.4    Zhang, G.A.5
  • 8
    • 0003018944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of neural mechanisms in airway defense
    • J Chretien D Dusser Marcel Dekker New York City, NY
    • 8 Barnes, PJ, Role of neural mechanisms in airway defense. Chretien, J, Dusser, D, (eds.) Environmental impact in the airways, 1996, Marcel Dekker, New York City, NY, 93–121.
    • (1996) Environmental impact in the airways , pp. 93-121
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 9
    • 0025781570 scopus 로고
    • Neutral endopeptidase modulates neurogenic inflammation
    • 9 Nadel, JA, Neutral endopeptidase modulates neurogenic inflammation. Eur Respir J 4 (1991), 745–754.
    • (1991) Eur Respir J , vol.4 , pp. 745-754
    • Nadel, J.A.1
  • 10
    • 30444455299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptides and their receptors: innovative science providing novel therapeutic targets
    • 10 Brain, SD, Cox, HM, Neuropeptides and their receptors: innovative science providing novel therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 147:suppl 1 (2006), S202–S211.
    • (2006) Br J Pharmacol , vol.147 , pp. S202-S211
    • Brain, S.D.1    Cox, H.M.2
  • 11
    • 2342575610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcitonin gene-related peptide: role in airway homeostasis
    • 11 Dakhama, A, Larsen, GL, Gelfand, EW, Calcitonin gene-related peptide: role in airway homeostasis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 4 (2004), 215–220.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 215-220
    • Dakhama, A.1    Larsen, G.L.2    Gelfand, E.W.3
  • 12
    • 67650034274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ovine burn and smoke inhalation injury
    • 12 Lange, M, Enkhbaatar, P, Traber, DL, et al. Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ovine burn and smoke inhalation injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 107 (2009), 176–184.
    • (2009) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.107 , pp. 176-184
    • Lange, M.1    Enkhbaatar, P.2    Traber, D.L.3
  • 13
    • 0036721577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation
    • 13 Richardson, JD, Vasko, MR, Cellular mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 302 (2002), 839–845.
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.302 , pp. 839-845
    • Richardson, J.D.1    Vasko, M.R.2
  • 14
    • 0026316163 scopus 로고
    • Sensory neuropeptides and airway function
    • 14 Solway, J, Leff, AR, Sensory neuropeptides and airway function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 71 (1991), 2077–2087.
    • (1991) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.71 , pp. 2077-2087
    • Solway, J.1    Leff, A.R.2
  • 15
    • 70350489858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of toxic smoke inhalation and burn injury: role of neutral endopeptidase and vascular leakage in mice
    • 15 Jacob, S, Deyo, DJ, Cox, RA, Traber, DL, Herndon, DN, Hawkins, HK, Mechanisms of toxic smoke inhalation and burn injury: role of neutral endopeptidase and vascular leakage in mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 19 (2009), 191–196.
    • (2009) Toxicol Mech Methods , vol.19 , pp. 191-196
    • Jacob, S.1    Deyo, D.J.2    Cox, R.A.3    Traber, D.L.4    Herndon, D.N.5    Hawkins, H.K.6
  • 16
    • 79953203883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical evaluation of epinephrine nebulization to reduce airway hyperemia and improve oxygenation after smoke inhalation injury
    • 16 Lange, M, Hamahata, A, Traber, DL, et al. Preclinical evaluation of epinephrine nebulization to reduce airway hyperemia and improve oxygenation after smoke inhalation injury. Crit Care Med 39 (2011), 718–724.
    • (2011) Crit Care Med , vol.39 , pp. 718-724
    • Lange, M.1    Hamahata, A.2    Traber, D.L.3
  • 17
    • 0344608884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor BBS-2 prevents acute lung injury in sheep after burn and smoke inhalation injury
    • 17 Enkhbaatar, P, Murakami, K, Shimoda, K, et al. The inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor BBS-2 prevents acute lung injury in sheep after burn and smoke inhalation injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167 (2003), 1021–1026.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.167 , pp. 1021-1026
    • Enkhbaatar, P.1    Murakami, K.2    Shimoda, K.3
  • 18
    • 0026075010 scopus 로고
    • Lung edema formation following inhalation injury: role of the bronchial blood flow
    • 18 Abdi, S, Herndon, DN, Traber, LD, et al. Lung edema formation following inhalation injury: role of the bronchial blood flow. J Appl Physiol (1985) 71 (1991), 727–734.
    • (1991) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.71 , pp. 727-734
    • Abdi, S.1    Herndon, D.N.2    Traber, L.D.3
  • 19
    • 0034015975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligation of the bronchial artery in sheep attenuates early pulmonary changes following exposure to smoke
    • 19 Efimova, O, Volokhov, AB, Iliaifar, S, Hales, CA, Ligation of the bronchial artery in sheep attenuates early pulmonary changes following exposure to smoke. J Appl Physiol (1985) 88 (2000), 888–893.
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.88 , pp. 888-893
    • Efimova, O.1    Volokhov, A.B.2    Iliaifar, S.3    Hales, C.A.4
  • 20
    • 67651027594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ablated bronchial blood flow on survival rate and pulmonary function after burn and smoke inhalation in sheep
    • 20 Hamahata, A, Enkhbaatar, P, Sakurai, H, Nozaki, M, Traber, DL, Effect of ablated bronchial blood flow on survival rate and pulmonary function after burn and smoke inhalation in sheep. Burns 35 (2009), 802–810.
    • (2009) Burns , vol.35 , pp. 802-810
    • Hamahata, A.1    Enkhbaatar, P.2    Sakurai, H.3    Nozaki, M.4    Traber, D.L.5
  • 21
    • 79952704593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of bronchial circulation on bronchial exudates following combined burn and smoke inhalation injury in sheep
    • 21 Morita, N, Enkhbaatar, P, Maybauer, DM, et al. Impact of bronchial circulation on bronchial exudates following combined burn and smoke inhalation injury in sheep. Burns 37 (2011), 465–473.
    • (2011) Burns , vol.37 , pp. 465-473
    • Morita, N.1    Enkhbaatar, P.2    Maybauer, D.M.3
  • 23
    • 0024404369 scopus 로고
    • Bronchial artery ligation modifies pulmonary edema after exposure to smoke with acrolein
    • 23 Hales, CA, Barkin, P, Jung, W, Quinn, D, Lamborghini, D, Burke, J, Bronchial artery ligation modifies pulmonary edema after exposure to smoke with acrolein. J Appl Physiol (1985) 67 (1989), 1001–1006.
    • (1989) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.67 , pp. 1001-1006
    • Hales, C.A.1    Barkin, P.2    Jung, W.3    Quinn, D.4    Lamborghini, D.5    Burke, J.6
  • 24
    • 0019962807 scopus 로고
    • Strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction determines shunt fraction in dogs with atelectasis
    • 24 Thomas, HM 3rd, Garrett, RC, Strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction determines shunt fraction in dogs with atelectasis. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 53 (1982), 44–51.
    • (1982) J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol , vol.53 , pp. 44-51
    • Thomas, H.M.1    Garrett, R.C.2
  • 25
    • 0035135097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to clear casts and secretions following inhalation injury can be dangerous: report of a case
    • 25 Nakae, H, Tanaka, H, Inaba, H, Failure to clear casts and secretions following inhalation injury can be dangerous: report of a case. Burns 27 (2001), 189–191.
    • (2001) Burns , vol.27 , pp. 189-191
    • Nakae, H.1    Tanaka, H.2    Inaba, H.3
  • 26
    • 0029001188 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of smoke inhalation
    • 26 Pruitt, BA Jr, Cioffi, WG, Diagnosis and treatment of smoke inhalation. J Intensive Care Med 10 (1995), 117–127.
    • (1995) J Intensive Care Med , vol.10 , pp. 117-127
    • Pruitt, B.A.1    Cioffi, W.G.2
  • 27
    • 84894490516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway obstruction and bacterial invasion in autopsy tissue of pediatric burn victims
    • 27 Cox, RA, Jacob, S, Zhu, Y, et al. Airway obstruction and bacterial invasion in autopsy tissue of pediatric burn victims. J Burn Care Res 35 (2014), 148–153.
    • (2014) J Burn Care Res , vol.35 , pp. 148-153
    • Cox, R.A.1    Jacob, S.2    Zhu, Y.3
  • 28
    • 67849128652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated nuclear factor kappa B and airway inflammation after smoke inhalation and burn injury in sheep
    • 28 Cox, RA, Burke, AS, Jacob, S, et al. Activated nuclear factor kappa B and airway inflammation after smoke inhalation and burn injury in sheep. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 489–498.
    • (2009) J Burn Care Res , vol.30 , pp. 489-498
    • Cox, R.A.1    Burke, A.S.2    Jacob, S.3
  • 29
    • 33646696188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute bronchial obstruction in sheep: histopathology and gland cytokine expression
    • 29 Cox, RA, Burke, AS, Oliveras, G, et al. Acute bronchial obstruction in sheep: histopathology and gland cytokine expression. Exp Lung Res 31 (2005), 819–837.
    • (2005) Exp Lung Res , vol.31 , pp. 819-837
    • Cox, R.A.1    Burke, A.S.2    Oliveras, G.3
  • 30
    • 39449091115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper airway mucus deposition in lung tissue of burn trauma victims
    • 30 Cox, RA, Mlcak, RP, Chinkes, DL, et al. Upper airway mucus deposition in lung tissue of burn trauma victims. Shock 29 (2008), 356–361.
    • (2008) Shock , vol.29 , pp. 356-361
    • Cox, R.A.1    Mlcak, R.P.2    Chinkes, D.L.3
  • 31
    • 36448963844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized anticoagulants ameliorate acute lung injury in sheep after exposure to burn and smoke inhalation
    • 31 Enkhbaatar, P, Cox, RA, Traber, LD, et al. Aerosolized anticoagulants ameliorate acute lung injury in sheep after exposure to burn and smoke inhalation. Crit Care Med 35 (2007), 2805–2810.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 2805-2810
    • Enkhbaatar, P.1    Cox, R.A.2    Traber, L.D.3
  • 32
    • 38949196514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined anticoagulants ameliorate acute lung injury in sheep after burn and smoke inhalation
    • 32 Enkhbaatar, P, Esechie, A, Wang, J, et al. Combined anticoagulants ameliorate acute lung injury in sheep after burn and smoke inhalation. Clin Sci (Lond) 114 (2008), 321–329.
    • (2008) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.114 , pp. 321-329
    • Enkhbaatar, P.1    Esechie, A.2    Wang, J.3
  • 33
    • 13644251630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized tissue plasminogen inhibitor improves pulmonary function in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation
    • 33 Enkhbaatar, P, Murakami, K, Cox, R, et al. Aerosolized tissue plasminogen inhibitor improves pulmonary function in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation. Shock 22 (2004), 70–75.
    • (2004) Shock , vol.22 , pp. 70-75
    • Enkhbaatar, P.1    Murakami, K.2    Cox, R.3
  • 34
    • 0042330306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway obstruction in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation injuries
    • 34 Cox, RA, Burke, AS, Soejima, K, et al. Airway obstruction in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation injuries. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 29 (2003), 295–302.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.29 , pp. 295-302
    • Cox, R.A.1    Burke, A.S.2    Soejima, K.3
  • 35
    • 0022627106 scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of the growing trachea related to age and gender
    • 35 Griscom, NT, Wohl, ME, Dimensions of the growing trachea related to age and gender. AJR Am J Roentgenol 146 (1986), 233–237.
    • (1986) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.146 , pp. 233-237
    • Griscom, N.T.1    Wohl, M.E.2
  • 36
    • 0032990445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinflation-induced lung injury during alveolar flooding in rats: effect of perfluorocarbon instillation
    • 36 Dreyfuss, D, Martin-Lefevre, L, Saumon, G, Hyperinflation-induced lung injury during alveolar flooding in rats: effect of perfluorocarbon instillation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 (1999), 1752–1757.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1752-1757
    • Dreyfuss, D.1    Martin-Lefevre, L.2    Saumon, G.3
  • 37
    • 0036080175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic stretch upregulates interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor-beta1 production through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in alveolar epithelial cells
    • 37 Yamamoto, H, Teramoto, H, Uetani, K, Igawa, K, Shimizu, E, Cyclic stretch upregulates interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor-beta1 production through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. Respirology 7 (2002), 103–109.
    • (2002) Respirology , vol.7 , pp. 103-109
    • Yamamoto, H.1    Teramoto, H.2    Uetani, K.3    Igawa, K.4    Shimizu, E.5
  • 38
    • 0032925332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia induces permeability in brain microvessel endothelial cells via VEGF and NO
    • 38 Fischer, S, Clauss, M, Wiesnet, M, Renz, D, Schaper, W, Karliczek, GF, Hypoxia induces permeability in brain microvessel endothelial cells via VEGF and NO. Am J Physiol 276:4 Pt 1 (1999), C812–C820.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276 , Issue.4 , pp. C812-C820
    • Fischer, S.1    Clauss, M.2    Wiesnet, M.3    Renz, D.4    Schaper, W.5    Karliczek, G.F.6
  • 40
    • 0033781862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic hypoxia increases leukocyte emigration and vascular permeability in conscious rats
    • 40 Wood, JG, Johnson, JS, Mattioli, LF, Gonzalez, NC, Systemic hypoxia increases leukocyte emigration and vascular permeability in conscious rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 89 (2000), 1561–1568.
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.89 , pp. 1561-1568
    • Wood, J.G.1    Johnson, J.S.2    Mattioli, L.F.3    Gonzalez, N.C.4
  • 41
    • 0023550373 scopus 로고
    • Toxic smoke inhalation: cyanide poisoning in fire victims
    • 41 Jones, J, McMullen, MJ, Dougherty, J, Toxic smoke inhalation: cyanide poisoning in fire victims. Am J Emerg Med 5 (1987), 317–321.
    • (1987) Am J Emerg Med , vol.5 , pp. 317-321
    • Jones, J.1    McMullen, M.J.2    Dougherty, J.3
  • 42
    • 0024431602 scopus 로고
    • The role of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide in fire casualties: a prospective study
    • 42 Lundquist, P, Rammer, L, Sorbo, B, The role of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide in fire casualties: a prospective study. Forensic Sci Int 43 (1989), 9–14.
    • (1989) Forensic Sci Int , vol.43 , pp. 9-14
    • Lundquist, P.1    Rammer, L.2    Sorbo, B.3
  • 45
    • 84954392299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebulized epinephrine limits pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability to water and protein in ovine with burn and smoke inhalation injury
    • 45 Lopez, E, Fujiwara, O, Lima-Lopez, F, et al. Nebulized epinephrine limits pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability to water and protein in ovine with burn and smoke inhalation injury. Crit Care Med 44 (2016), e89–e96.
    • (2016) Crit Care Med , vol.44 , pp. e89-e96
    • Lopez, E.1    Fujiwara, O.2    Lima-Lopez, F.3
  • 46
    • 84864742993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • 46 Matthay, MA, Ware, LB, Zimmerman, GA, The acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Clin Invest 122 (2012), 2731–2740.
    • (2012) J Clin Invest , vol.122 , pp. 2731-2740
    • Matthay, M.A.1    Ware, L.B.2    Zimmerman, G.A.3
  • 47
    • 26844552488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury
    • 47 Rubenfeld, GD, Caldwell, E, Peabody, E, et al. Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 353 (2005), 1685–1693.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 1685-1693
    • Rubenfeld, G.D.1    Caldwell, E.2    Peabody, E.3
  • 49
    • 84944484760 scopus 로고
    • On the absorption of fluid from the connective tissue spaces
    • 49 Starling, EH, On the absorption of fluid from the connective tissue spaces. J Physiol 19 (1896), 312–326.
    • (1896) J Physiol , vol.19 , pp. 312-326
    • Starling, E.H.1
  • 50
    • 84889247468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombin attenuates vascular leakage via inhibiting neutrophil activation in acute lung injury
    • 50 Rehberg, S, Yamamoto, Y, Sousse, LE, et al. Antithrombin attenuates vascular leakage via inhibiting neutrophil activation in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 41 (2013), e439–e446.
    • (2013) Crit Care Med , vol.41 , pp. e439-e446
    • Rehberg, S.1    Yamamoto, Y.2    Sousse, L.E.3
  • 51
    • 27944474716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability in sheep following smoke inhalation
    • 51 Enkhbaatar, P, Kikuchi, Y, Traber, LD, et al. Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability in sheep following smoke inhalation. Burns 31 (2005), 1013–1019.
    • (2005) Burns , vol.31 , pp. 1013-1019
    • Enkhbaatar, P.1    Kikuchi, Y.2    Traber, L.D.3
  • 52
    • 0025612084 scopus 로고
    • Determination of pulmonary microvascular reflection coefficient in sheep by venous occlusion
    • 52 Isago, T, Traber, LD, Herndon, DN, Abdi, S, Fujioka, K, Traber, DL, Determination of pulmonary microvascular reflection coefficient in sheep by venous occlusion. J Appl Physiol (1985) 69 (1990), 2311–2316.
    • (1990) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.69 , pp. 2311-2316
    • Isago, T.1    Traber, L.D.2    Herndon, D.N.3    Abdi, S.4    Fujioka, K.5    Traber, D.L.6
  • 53
    • 81755166352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct delivery of low-dose 7-nitroindazole into the bronchial artery attenuates pulmonary pathophysiology after smoke inhalation and burn injury in an ovine model
    • 53 Hamahata, A, Enkhbaatar, P, Lange, M, et al. Direct delivery of low-dose 7-nitroindazole into the bronchial artery attenuates pulmonary pathophysiology after smoke inhalation and burn injury in an ovine model. Shock 36 (2011), 575–579.
    • (2011) Shock , vol.36 , pp. 575-579
    • Hamahata, A.1    Enkhbaatar, P.2    Lange, M.3
  • 54
    • 84868205338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst into the bronchial artery attenuates pulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation and burn injury in sheep
    • 54 Hamahata, A, Enkhbaatar, P, Lange, M, et al. Administration of a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst into the bronchial artery attenuates pulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation and burn injury in sheep. Shock 38 (2012), 543–548.
    • (2012) Shock , vol.38 , pp. 543-548
    • Hamahata, A.1    Enkhbaatar, P.2    Lange, M.3
  • 55
    • 84868204249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor into bronchial artery attenuates pulmonary pathophysiology after smoke inhalation and burn in an ovine model
    • 55 Hamahata, A, Enkhbaatar, P, Lange, M, et al. Administration of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor into bronchial artery attenuates pulmonary pathophysiology after smoke inhalation and burn in an ovine model. Burns 38 (2012), 1210–1215.
    • (2012) Burns , vol.38 , pp. 1210-1215
    • Hamahata, A.1    Enkhbaatar, P.2    Lange, M.3
  • 57
    • 33746323673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E attenuates acute lung injury in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation injury
    • 57 Morita, N, Shimoda, K, Traber, MG, et al. Vitamin E attenuates acute lung injury in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation injury. Redox Rep 11 (2006), 61–70.
    • (2006) Redox Rep , vol.11 , pp. 61-70
    • Morita, N.1    Shimoda, K.2    Traber, M.G.3
  • 58
    • 0029055850 scopus 로고
    • Effects of manganese superoxide dismutase on lung fluid balance after smoke inhalation
    • 58 Nguyen, TT, Cox, CS Jr, Herndon, DN, et al. Effects of manganese superoxide dismutase on lung fluid balance after smoke inhalation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 78 (1995), 2161–2168.
    • (1995) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.78 , pp. 2161-2168
    • Nguyen, T.T.1    Cox, C.S.2    Herndon, D.N.3
  • 60
    • 19444369704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in asthma and other lung diseases
    • 60 Virag, L, Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in asthma and other lung diseases. Pharmacol Res 52 (2005), 83–92.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Res , vol.52 , pp. 83-92
    • Virag, L.1
  • 61
    • 84858798153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebulization with gamma-tocopherol ameliorates acute lung injury after burn and smoke inhalation in the ovine model
    • 61 Yamamoto, Y, Enkhbaatar, P, Sousse, LE, et al. Nebulization with gamma-tocopherol ameliorates acute lung injury after burn and smoke inhalation in the ovine model. Shock 37 (2012), 408–414.
    • (2012) Shock , vol.37 , pp. 408-414
    • Yamamoto, Y.1    Enkhbaatar, P.2    Sousse, L.E.3
  • 62
    • 0023133834 scopus 로고
    • The influence of inhalation injury and pneumonia on burn mortality
    • 62 Shirani, KZ, Pruitt, BA Jr, Mason, AD Jr, The influence of inhalation injury and pneumonia on burn mortality. Ann Surg 205 (1987), 82–87.
    • (1987) Ann Surg , vol.205 , pp. 82-87
    • Shirani, K.Z.1    Pruitt, B.A.2    Mason, A.D.3
  • 63
    • 0016710756 scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in acute inhalation injury
    • 63 Hunt, JL, Agee, RN, Pruitt, BA Jr, Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in acute inhalation injury. J Trauma 15 (1975), 641–649.
    • (1975) J Trauma , vol.15 , pp. 641-649
    • Hunt, J.L.1    Agee, R.N.2    Pruitt, B.A.3
  • 64
    • 59449107287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation injury in children: a 10 year experience at Shriners Hospitals for Children
    • 64 Palmieri, TL, Warner, P, Mlcak, RP, et al. Inhalation injury in children: a 10 year experience at Shriners Hospitals for Children. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 206–208.
    • (2009) J Burn Care Res , vol.30 , pp. 206-208
    • Palmieri, T.L.1    Warner, P.2    Mlcak, R.P.3
  • 65
    • 84866116756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission chest CT complements fiberoptic bronchoscopy in prediction of adverse outcomes in thermally injured patients
    • 65 Oh, JS, Chung, KK, Allen, A, et al. Admission chest CT complements fiberoptic bronchoscopy in prediction of adverse outcomes in thermally injured patients. J Burn Care Res 33 (2012), 532–538.
    • (2012) J Burn Care Res , vol.33 , pp. 532-538
    • Oh, J.S.1    Chung, K.K.2    Allen, A.3
  • 66
    • 84908119661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of virtual bronchoscopy to fiber-optic bronchoscopy for assessment of inhalation injury severity
    • 66 Kwon, HP, Zanders, TB, Regn, DD, et al. Comparison of virtual bronchoscopy to fiber-optic bronchoscopy for assessment of inhalation injury severity. Burns 40 (2014), 1308–1315.
    • (2014) Burns , vol.40 , pp. 1308-1315
    • Kwon, H.P.1    Zanders, T.B.2    Regn, D.D.3
  • 67
    • 84858776579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute pulmonary inflammatory response to the graded severity of smoke inhalation injury
    • 67 Albright, JM, Davis, CS, Bird, MD, et al. The acute pulmonary inflammatory response to the graded severity of smoke inhalation injury. Crit Care Med 40 (2012), 1113–1121.
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 1113-1121
    • Albright, J.M.1    Davis, C.S.2    Bird, M.D.3
  • 68
    • 84869433379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 36–2012. Recovery of a 16-year-old girl from trauma and burns after a car accident
    • 68 Sheridan, RL, Schaefer, PW, Whalen, M, et al. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 36–2012. Recovery of a 16-year-old girl from trauma and burns after a car accident. N Engl J Med 367 (2012), 2027–2037.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 2027-2037
    • Sheridan, R.L.1    Schaefer, P.W.2    Whalen, M.3
  • 69
    • 84982090951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire-related inhalation injury
    • 69 Sheridan, RL, Fire-related inhalation injury. N Engl J Med 375 (2016), 464–469.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.375 , pp. 464-469
    • Sheridan, R.L.1
  • 71
    • 0025646991 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and management of patients with inhalation injury
    • 71 Pruitt, BA Jr, Cioffi, WG, Shimazu, T, Ikeuchi, H, Mason, AD Jr, Evaluation and management of patients with inhalation injury. J Trauma 30:12 suppl (1990), S63–S68.
    • (1990) J Trauma , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. S63-S68
    • Pruitt, B.A.1    Cioffi, W.G.2    Shimazu, T.3    Ikeuchi, H.4    Mason, A.D.5
  • 72
    • 0024589982 scopus 로고
    • High-frequency percussive ventilation in patients with inhalation injury
    • 72 Cioffi, WG, Graves, TA, McManus, WF, Pruitt, BA Jr, High-frequency percussive ventilation in patients with inhalation injury. J Trauma 29 (1989), 350–354.
    • (1989) J Trauma , vol.29 , pp. 350-354
    • Cioffi, W.G.1    Graves, T.A.2    McManus, W.F.3    Pruitt, B.A.4
  • 74
    • 33747855254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke inhalation injury: diagnosis and respiratory management
    • 74 Ogura, H, Sumi, Y, Matsushima, A, et al. Smoke inhalation injury: diagnosis and respiratory management. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 106 (2005), 740–744.
    • (2005) Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi , vol.106 , pp. 740-744
    • Ogura, H.1    Sumi, Y.2    Matsushima, A.3
  • 76
    • 77953842143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a lifesaving modality in the treatment of pediatric patients with burns and respiratory failure
    • 76 Askegard-Giesmann, JR, Besner, GE, Fabia, R, Caniano, DA, Preston, T, Kenney, BD, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a lifesaving modality in the treatment of pediatric patients with burns and respiratory failure. J Pediatr Surg 45 (2010), 1330–1335.
    • (2010) J Pediatr Surg , vol.45 , pp. 1330-1335
    • Askegard-Giesmann, J.R.1    Besner, G.E.2    Fabia, R.3    Caniano, D.A.4    Preston, T.5    Kenney, B.D.6
  • 78
    • 84952362339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • early utilization of extracorporeal co2 removal for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to smoke inhalation and burns in sheep
    • 78 Kreyer, S, Scaravilli, V, Linden, K, et al. early utilization of extracorporeal co2 removal for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to smoke inhalation and burns in sheep. Shock 45 (2016), 65–72.
    • (2016) Shock , vol.45 , pp. 65-72
    • Kreyer, S.1    Scaravilli, V.2    Linden, K.3
  • 79
    • 84864545323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prone positioning improves oxygenation in adult burn patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • 79 Hale, DF, Cannon, JW, Batchinsky, AI, et al. Prone positioning improves oxygenation in adult burn patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 72 (2012), 1634–1639.
    • (2012) J Trauma Acute Care Surg , vol.72 , pp. 1634-1639
    • Hale, D.F.1    Cannon, J.W.2    Batchinsky, A.I.3
  • 80
    • 77953799509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower interbreath interval complexity is associated with extubation failure in mechanically ventilated patients during spontaneous breathing trials
    • 80 White, CE, Batchinsky, AI, Necsoiu, C, et al. Lower interbreath interval complexity is associated with extubation failure in mechanically ventilated patients during spontaneous breathing trials. J Trauma 68 (2010), 1310–1316.
    • (2010) J Trauma , vol.68 , pp. 1310-1316
    • White, C.E.1    Batchinsky, A.I.2    Necsoiu, C.3
  • 81
    • 84866055534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of combined muscarinic antagonist and fibrinolytic therapy for inhalation injury
    • 81 Jonkam, C, Zhu, Y, Jacob, S, et al. Assessment of combined muscarinic antagonist and fibrinolytic therapy for inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res 33 (2012), 524–531.
    • (2012) J Burn Care Res , vol.33 , pp. 524-531
    • Jonkam, C.1    Zhu, Y.2    Jacob, S.3
  • 82
    • 0026598154 scopus 로고
    • The effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and a PAF antagonist (CV-3988) on smoke inhalation injury in an ovine model
    • 82 Ikeuchi, H, Sakano, T, Sanchez, J, Mason, AD Jr, Pruitt, BA Jr, The effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and a PAF antagonist (CV-3988) on smoke inhalation injury in an ovine model. J Trauma 32 (1992), 344–350.
    • (1992) J Trauma , vol.32 , pp. 344-350
    • Ikeuchi, H.1    Sakano, T.2    Sanchez, J.3    Mason, A.D.4    Pruitt, B.A.5
  • 83
    • 0028294907 scopus 로고
    • The effects of pentoxifylline on pulmonary function following smoke inhalation
    • 83 Ogura, H, Cioffi, WG, Okerberg, CV, et al. The effects of pentoxifylline on pulmonary function following smoke inhalation. J Surg Res 56 (1994), 242–250.
    • (1994) J Surg Res , vol.56 , pp. 242-250
    • Ogura, H.1    Cioffi, W.G.2    Okerberg, C.V.3
  • 85
    • 84994908100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombin in the treatment of burn trauma
    • 85 Kowal-Vern, A, Orkin, BA, Antithrombin in the treatment of burn trauma. World J Crit Care Med 5 (2016), 17–26.
    • (2016) World J Crit Care Med , vol.5 , pp. 17-26
    • Kowal-Vern, A.1    Orkin, B.A.2
  • 86
    • 0035190995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of antithrombin (H) concentrate infusions on pulmonary function in the acute phase of thermal injury
    • 86 Kowal-Vern, A, Walenga, JM, McGill, V, Gamelli, RL, The impact of antithrombin (H) concentrate infusions on pulmonary function in the acute phase of thermal injury. Burns 27 (2001), 52–60.
    • (2001) Burns , vol.27 , pp. 52-60
    • Kowal-Vern, A.1    Walenga, J.M.2    McGill, V.3    Gamelli, R.L.4
  • 87
    • 85029257776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage antithrombin and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in burn patients
    • 87 Kowal-Vern, A, Bourdon, P, Latenser, BA, Wiley, DE, Dennis, AJ, Casey, L, Comparison of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage antithrombin and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in burn patients. J Burn Care Rehabil, 26(suppl), 2005, S78.
    • (2005) J Burn Care Rehabil , vol.26 , pp. S78
    • Kowal-Vern, A.1    Bourdon, P.2    Latenser, B.A.3    Wiley, D.E.4    Dennis, A.J.5    Casey, L.6
  • 88
    • 70049118271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke inhalation lung injury: an update
    • 88 Demling, RH, Smoke inhalation lung injury: an update. Eplasty, 8, 2008, e27.
    • (2008) Eplasty , vol.8 , pp. e27
    • Demling, R.H.1
  • 91
    • 84861903788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-Acetylcysteine mucolysis in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • 91 Sadowska, AM, N-Acetylcysteine mucolysis in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 6 (2012), 127–135.
    • (2012) Ther Adv Respir Dis , vol.6 , pp. 127-135
    • Sadowska, A.M.1
  • 93
    • 0031809249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in mortality in pediatric patients with inhalation injury with aerosolized heparin/N-acetylcystine [correction of acetylcystine therapy
    • 93 Desai, MH, Mlcak, R, Richardson, J, Nichols, R, Herndon, DN, Reduction in mortality in pediatric patients with inhalation injury with aerosolized heparin/N-acetylcystine [correction of acetylcystine therapy. J Burn Care Rehabil 19 (1998), 210–212.
    • (1998) J Burn Care Rehabil , vol.19 , pp. 210-212
    • Desai, M.H.1    Mlcak, R.2    Richardson, J.3    Nichols, R.4    Herndon, D.N.5
  • 94
    • 62549129433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of nebulized unfractionated heparin and N-acetylcysteine in acute lung injury after smoke inhalation injury
    • 94 Miller, AC, Rivero, A, Ziad, S, Smith, DJ, Elamin, EM, Influence of nebulized unfractionated heparin and N-acetylcysteine in acute lung injury after smoke inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 249–256.
    • (2009) J Burn Care Res , vol.30 , pp. 249-256
    • Miller, A.C.1    Rivero, A.2    Ziad, S.3    Smith, D.J.4    Elamin, E.M.5
  • 95
    • 0025831251 scopus 로고
    • Predominant contribution of surface approximation to the mechanism of heparin acceleration of the antithrombin-thrombin reaction. Elucidation from salt concentration effects
    • 95 Olson, ST, Bjork, I, Predominant contribution of surface approximation to the mechanism of heparin acceleration of the antithrombin-thrombin reaction. Elucidation from salt concentration effects. J Biol Chem 266 (1991), 6353–6364.
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 6353-6364
    • Olson, S.T.1    Bjork, I.2
  • 96
    • 0026690347 scopus 로고
    • Role of the antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide in heparin acceleration of antithrombin-proteinase reactions. Resolution of the antithrombin conformational change contribution to heparin rate enhancement
    • 96 Olson, ST, Bjork, I, Sheffer, R, Craig, PA, Shore, JD, Choay, J, Role of the antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide in heparin acceleration of antithrombin-proteinase reactions. Resolution of the antithrombin conformational change contribution to heparin rate enhancement. J Biol Chem 267 (1992), 12528–12538.
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 12528-12538
    • Olson, S.T.1    Bjork, I.2    Sheffer, R.3    Craig, P.A.4    Shore, J.D.5    Choay, J.6
  • 97
    • 84945546379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: an updated review
    • 97 Walker, PF, Buehner, MF, Wood, LA, et al. Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: an updated review. Crit Care, 19, 2015, 351.
    • (2015) Crit Care , vol.19 , pp. 351
    • Walker, P.F.1    Buehner, M.F.2    Wood, L.A.3
  • 98
    • 41949084368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory distress syndrome is as important as inhalation injury for the development of respiratory dysfunction in major burns
    • 98 Steinvall, I, Bak, Z, Sjoberg, F, Acute respiratory distress syndrome is as important as inhalation injury for the development of respiratory dysfunction in major burns. Burns 34 (2008), 441–451.
    • (2008) Burns , vol.34 , pp. 441-451
    • Steinvall, I.1    Bak, Z.2    Sjoberg, F.3
  • 100
    • 0017104307 scopus 로고
    • Use of 133xenon in early diagnosis of inhalation injury
    • 100 Agee, RN, Long, JM 3rd, Hunt, JL, et al. Use of 133xenon in early diagnosis of inhalation injury. J Trauma 16 (1976), 218–224.
    • (1976) J Trauma , vol.16 , pp. 218-224
    • Agee, R.N.1    Long, J.M.2    Hunt, J.L.3
  • 101
    • 0030970015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of acute inhalation injury in fire victims by means of technetium-99m DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy
    • 101 Lin, WY, Kao, CH, Wang, SJ, Detection of acute inhalation injury in fire victims by means of technetium-99m DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med 24 (1997), 125–129.
    • (1997) Eur J Nucl Med , vol.24 , pp. 125-129
    • Lin, W.Y.1    Kao, C.H.2    Wang, S.J.3
  • 102
    • 0024460318 scopus 로고
    • Smoke inhalation injury: evaluation of radiographic manifestations and pulmonary dysfunction
    • 102 Peitzman, AB, Shires, GT 3rd, Teixidor, HS, Curreri, PW, Shires, GT, Smoke inhalation injury: evaluation of radiographic manifestations and pulmonary dysfunction. J Trauma 29 (1989), 1229–1232.
    • (1989) J Trauma , vol.29 , pp. 1229-1232
    • Peitzman, A.B.1    Shires, G.T.2    Teixidor, H.S.3    Curreri, P.W.4    Shires, G.T.5
  • 104
    • 0018276243 scopus 로고
    • Xenon ventilation-perfusion lung scans. The early diagnosis of inhalation injury
    • 104 Schall, GL, McDonald, HD, Carr, LB, Capozzi, A, Xenon ventilation-perfusion lung scans. The early diagnosis of inhalation injury. JAMA 240 (1978), 2441–2445.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 2441-2445
    • Schall, G.L.1    McDonald, H.D.2    Carr, L.B.3    Capozzi, A.4
  • 107
    • 0027728749 scopus 로고
    • Etiology and consequences of respiratory failure in thermally injured patients
    • 107 Hollingsed, TC, Saffle, JR, Barton, RG, Craft, WB, Morris, SE, Etiology and consequences of respiratory failure in thermally injured patients. Am J Surg 166 (1993), 592–597.
    • (1993) Am J Surg , vol.166 , pp. 592-597
    • Hollingsed, T.C.1    Saffle, J.R.2    Barton, R.G.3    Craft, W.B.4    Morris, S.E.5
  • 108
    • 0031031138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheobronchial cytology in inhalation injury
    • 108 Khoo, AK, Lee, ST, Poh, WT, Tracheobronchial cytology in inhalation injury. J Trauma 42 (1997), 81–85.
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.42 , pp. 81-85
    • Khoo, A.K.1    Lee, S.T.2    Poh, W.T.3
  • 109
    • 33744985054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that predict the need for intubation in patients with smoke inhalation injury
    • 109 Madnani, DD, Steele, NP, de Vries, E, Factors that predict the need for intubation in patients with smoke inhalation injury. Ear Nose Throat J 85 (2006), 278–280.
    • (2006) Ear Nose Throat J , vol.85 , pp. 278-280
    • Madnani, D.D.1    Steele, N.P.2    de Vries, E.3
  • 110
    • 0029017309 scopus 로고
    • Using bronchoscopy and biopsy to diagnose early inhalation injury. Macroscopic and histologic findings
    • 110 Masanes, MJ, Legendre, C, Lioret, N, Saizy, R, Lebeau, B, Using bronchoscopy and biopsy to diagnose early inhalation injury. Macroscopic and histologic findings. Chest 107 (1995), 1365–1369.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 1365-1369
    • Masanes, M.J.1    Legendre, C.2    Lioret, N.3    Saizy, R.4    Lebeau, B.5
  • 113
    • 85029254166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstract 19670: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate pulmonary microvascular hyperpermeability after smoke inhalation
    • 113 Ihara, K, Fujuda, S, Enkhtaivan, B, et al. Abstract 19670: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate pulmonary microvascular hyperpermeability after smoke inhalation. Circulation, 132(suppl 3), 2015, A19670.
    • (2015) Circulation , vol.132 , pp. A19670
    • Ihara, K.1    Fujuda, S.2    Enkhtaivan, B.3
  • 114
    • 0344074537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degree of hypercoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis is related to organ failure and prognosis after burn trauma
    • 114 Garcia-Avello, A, Lorente, JA, Cesar-Perez, J, et al. Degree of hypercoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis is related to organ failure and prognosis after burn trauma. Thromb Res 89 (1998), 59–64.
    • (1998) Thromb Res , vol.89 , pp. 59-64
    • Garcia-Avello, A.1    Lorente, J.A.2    Cesar-Perez, J.3
  • 115
    • 0033990739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombin III concentrate in the acute phase of thermal injury
    • 115 Kowal-Vern, A, McGill, V, Walenga, JM, Gamelli, RL, Antithrombin III concentrate in the acute phase of thermal injury. Burns 26 (2000), 97–101.
    • (2000) Burns , vol.26 , pp. 97-101
    • Kowal-Vern, A.1    McGill, V.2    Walenga, J.M.3    Gamelli, R.L.4
  • 116
    • 48949094355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of antithrombin administration in the acute phase of burn injury
    • 116 Lavrentieva, A, Kontakiotis, T, Bitzani, M, et al. The efficacy of antithrombin administration in the acute phase of burn injury. Thromb Haemost 100 (2008), 286–290.
    • (2008) Thromb Haemost , vol.100 , pp. 286-290
    • Lavrentieva, A.1    Kontakiotis, T.2    Bitzani, M.3
  • 117
    • 33846599364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombin deficiency and its relationship to severe burns
    • 117 Niedermayr, M, Schramm, W, Kamolz, L, et al. Antithrombin deficiency and its relationship to severe burns. Burns 33 (2007), 173–178.
    • (2007) Burns , vol.33 , pp. 173-178
    • Niedermayr, M.1    Schramm, W.2    Kamolz, L.3
  • 119
    • 33846177261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation injury, pulmonary perturbations, and fluid resuscitation
    • 119 Endorf, FW, Gamelli, RL, Inhalation injury, pulmonary perturbations, and fluid resuscitation. J Burn Care Res 28 (2007), 80–83.
    • (2007) J Burn Care Res , vol.28 , pp. 80-83
    • Endorf, F.W.1    Gamelli, R.L.2
  • 120
    • 84892743254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on airway management in acutely burned patients
    • 120 Oscier, C, Emerson, B, Handy, JM, New perspectives on airway management in acutely burned patients. Anaesthesia 69 (2014), 105–110.
    • (2014) Anaesthesia , vol.69 , pp. 105-110
    • Oscier, C.1    Emerson, B.2    Handy, J.M.3
  • 121
    • 84949473336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation strategies in paediatric inhalation injury
    • published online Oct 24.
    • 121 Goh, CT, Jacobe, S, Ventilation strategies in paediatric inhalation injury. Paediatr Respir Rev, 2015, 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.10.005 published online Oct 24.
    • (2015) Paediatr Respir Rev
    • Goh, C.T.1    Jacobe, S.2
  • 122
    • 0028210431 scopus 로고
    • Smoke inhalation injury
    • 122 Ruddy, RM, Smoke inhalation injury. Pediatr Clin North Am 41 (1994), 317–336.
    • (1994) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.41 , pp. 317-336
    • Ruddy, R.M.1
  • 124
    • 84925749046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High tidal volume decreases adult respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, and ventilator days compared with low tidal volume in pediatric burned patients with inhalation injury
    • 124 Sousse, LE, Herndon, DN, Andersen, CR, et al. High tidal volume decreases adult respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, and ventilator days compared with low tidal volume in pediatric burned patients with inhalation injury. J Am Coll Surg 220 (2015), 570–578.
    • (2015) J Am Coll Surg , vol.220 , pp. 570-578
    • Sousse, L.E.1    Herndon, D.N.2    Andersen, C.R.3
  • 125
    • 0034739247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • 125 Suresh, R, Kupfer, Y, Tessler, S, Acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 343 (2000), 660–661.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 660-661
    • Suresh, R.1    Kupfer, Y.2    Tessler, S.3
  • 126
    • 79960143563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARDS Network (NHLBI) studies: successes and challenges in ARDS clinical research
    • 126 Thompson, BT, Bernard, GR, ARDS Network (NHLBI) studies: successes and challenges in ARDS clinical research. Crit Care Clin 27 (2011), 459–468.
    • (2011) Crit Care Clin , vol.27 , pp. 459-468
    • Thompson, B.T.1    Bernard, G.R.2
  • 127
    • 33646548926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial
    • 127 Villar, J, Kacmarek, RM, Perez-Mendez, L, Aguirre-Jaime, A, A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 34 (2006), 1311–1318.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1311-1318
    • Villar, J.1    Kacmarek, R.M.2    Perez-Mendez, L.3    Aguirre-Jaime, A.4
  • 128
    • 84922858597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheostomy in pediatric burn patients
    • 128 Sen, S, Heather, J, Palmieri, T, Greenhalgh, D, Tracheostomy in pediatric burn patients. Burns 41 (2015), 248–251.
    • (2015) Burns , vol.41 , pp. 248-251
    • Sen, S.1    Heather, J.2    Palmieri, T.3    Greenhalgh, D.4
  • 129
    • 79955895176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of extubation time and late complications after early tracheotomy in patients with inhalation injury
    • (in Chinese).
    • 129 Qing, Y, Cen, Y, Liu, XX, Xu, XW, Wang, HS, Analysis of extubation time and late complications after early tracheotomy in patients with inhalation injury. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 27 (2011), 131–134 (in Chinese).
    • (2011) Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi , vol.27 , pp. 131-134
    • Qing, Y.1    Cen, Y.2    Liu, X.X.3    Xu, X.W.4    Wang, H.S.5
  • 130
    • 84994841588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute respiratory distress syndrome: mechanisms and perspective therapeutic approaches
    • 130 Gonzales, JN, Lucas, R, Verin, AD, The acute respiratory distress syndrome: mechanisms and perspective therapeutic approaches. Austin J Vasc Med 2 (2015), 1009–1014.
    • (2015) Austin J Vasc Med , vol.2 , pp. 1009-1014
    • Gonzales, J.N.1    Lucas, R.2    Verin, A.D.3
  • 131
    • 0020618408 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic profile monitoring in burned patients
    • 131 Agarwal, N, Petro, J, Salisbury, RE, Physiologic profile monitoring in burned patients. J Trauma 23 (1983), 577–583.
    • (1983) J Trauma , vol.23 , pp. 577-583
    • Agarwal, N.1    Petro, J.2    Salisbury, R.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.