메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 322, Issue , 2017, Pages 357-369

Assessment of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in preschool children: Levels and impact of preschool indoor air on excretion of main urinary monohydroxyl metabolites

Author keywords

Children exposure; Diagnostic ratios; Indoor outdoor ratios; Monitoring and biomonitoring; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACENE; BIOMARKERS; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROCARBONS; METABOLITES; NAPHTHALENE; PHYSIOLOGY; PYRENE;

EID: 84994291495     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: 18733336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 84994375649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Biologic Exposure Indices (BEI)
    • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cincinnati, Ohio
    • [1] ACGIH, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Biologic Exposure Indices (BEI). 2005, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio.
    • (2005)
    • ACGIH1
  • 2
    • 84994284629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants Under the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transport Air Pollution, ECE/EBAir/60
    • United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Geneva, Switzerland
    • [2] UNECE, Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants Under the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transport Air Pollution, ECE/EBAir/60. 1998, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1998)
    • UNECE1
  • 3
    • 84899706179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and carcinogenic potential of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some large-scale enclosed/semi-enclosed vehicle parking areas
    • [3] Li, H., Zeng, X., Zhang, D., Chen, P., Yu, Z., Sheng, G., Fu, J., Peng, P., Occurrence and carcinogenic potential of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some large-scale enclosed/semi-enclosed vehicle parking areas. J. Hazard. Mater. 274 (2014), 279–286.
    • (2014) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.274 , pp. 279-286
    • Li, H.1    Zeng, X.2    Zhang, D.3    Chen, P.4    Yu, Z.5    Sheng, G.6    Fu, J.7    Peng, P.8
  • 4
    • 84883726241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects
    • [4] Kim, K.H., Jahan, S.A., Kabir, E., Brown, R.J., A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects. Environ. Int. 60 (2013), 71–80.
    • (2013) Environ. Int. , vol.60 , pp. 71-80
    • Kim, K.H.1    Jahan, S.A.2    Kabir, E.3    Brown, R.J.4
  • 5
    • 84895873581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels and risks of particulate-bound PAHs in indoor air influenced by tobacco smoke: a field measurement
    • [5] Slezakova, K., Castro, D., Delerue-Matos, C., Morais, S., Pereira, M.C., Levels and risks of particulate-bound PAHs in indoor air influenced by tobacco smoke: a field measurement. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21 (2014), 4492–4501.
    • (2014) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 4492-4501
    • Slezakova, K.1    Castro, D.2    Delerue-Matos, C.3    Morais, S.4    Pereira, M.C.5
  • 7
    • 30344443429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, EPA/630/P-03/001F
    • US Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C., United States of America (accessed in May 2016)
    • [7] USEPA, Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, EPA/630/P-03/001F. 2005, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., United States of America http://www.epa.gov/raf/publications/pdfs/CANCER_GUIDELINES_FINAL_3-25-05.pdf (accessed in May 2016).
    • (2005)
    • USEPA1
  • 8
    • 79952111402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures, IARC Monogr
    • [8] IARC, Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures, IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum., 92, 2010, 773.
    • (2010) Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. , vol.92 , pp. 773
    • IARC1
  • 9
    • 0036985643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene, IARC Monogr
    • [9] IARC, Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene, IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 82 (2002), 1–556.
    • (2002) Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. , vol.82 , pp. 1-556
    • IARC1
  • 10
    • 17044386186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach to investigating the importance of high potency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the induction of lung cancer by air pollution
    • [10] Okona-Mensah, K.B., Battershill, J., Boobis, A., Fielder, R., An approach to investigating the importance of high potency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the induction of lung cancer by air pollution. Food Chem. Toxicol. 43 (2005), 1103–1116.
    • (2005) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.43 , pp. 1103-1116
    • Okona-Mensah, K.B.1    Battershill, J.2    Boobis, A.3    Fielder, R.4
  • 11
    • 84941188056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and assessment of potential risks in preschool children
    • [11] Oliveira, M., Slezakova, K., Delerue-Matos, C., Pereira, M.C., Morais, S., Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and assessment of potential risks in preschool children. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 22 (2015), 13892–13902.
    • (2015) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 13892-13902
    • Oliveira, M.1    Slezakova, K.2    Delerue-Matos, C.3    Pereira, M.C.4    Morais, S.5
  • 13
    • 84875895785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012
    • United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland
    • [13] WHO, State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012. 2013, United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (2013)
    • WHO1
  • 14
    • 84964938951 scopus 로고
    • Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta (accessed 16.02.16)
    • [14] ATSDR, Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 1995, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp69.html (accessed 16.02.16).
    • (1995)
    • ATSDR1
  • 15
    • 79951774421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor air quality differences between urban and rural preschools in Korea
    • [15] Yoon, C., Lee, K., Park, D., Indoor air quality differences between urban and rural preschools in Korea. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 18 (2011), 333–345.
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 333-345
    • Yoon, C.1    Lee, K.2    Park, D.3
  • 18
    • 0031825479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to environmental exposure assessment in children
    • [18] Weaver, V.M., Buckley, T.J., Groopman, J.D., Approaches to environmental exposure assessment in children. Environ. Health Perspect. 106 (1998), 827–832.
    • (1998) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.106 , pp. 827-832
    • Weaver, V.M.1    Buckley, T.J.2    Groopman, J.D.3
  • 19
    • 0035190163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benchmark guideline for urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as biomarker of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    • [19] Jongeneelen, F.J., Benchmark guideline for urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as biomarker of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 45 (2001), 3–13.
    • (2001) Ann. Occup. Hyg. , vol.45 , pp. 3-13
    • Jongeneelen, F.J.1
  • 20
    • 84872134906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coke oven emissions and reproductive toxicity in nonsmoking workers
    • [20] Jeng, H.A., Pan, C.-H., Lin, W.-Y., Wu, M.-T., Taylor, S., Chang-Chien, G.-P., Zhou, G., Diawara, N., Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coke oven emissions and reproductive toxicity in nonsmoking workers. J. Hazard. Mater. 244–245 (2013), 436–443.
    • (2013) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.244-245 , pp. 436-443
    • Jeng, H.A.1    Pan, C.-H.2    Lin, W.-Y.3    Wu, M.-T.4    Taylor, S.5    Chang-Chien, G.-P.6    Zhou, G.7    Diawara, N.8
  • 21
    • 33749385534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multipathway polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and pyrene exposure among children living in Campania (Italy)
    • [21] Cirillo, T., Montuori, P., Mainardi, P., Russo, I., Triassi, M., Amodio-Cocchieri, R., Multipathway polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and pyrene exposure among children living in Campania (Italy). J. Environ. Sci. Health A 41 (2006), 2089–2107.
    • (2006) J. Environ. Sci. Health A , vol.41 , pp. 2089-2107
    • Cirillo, T.1    Montuori, P.2    Mainardi, P.3    Russo, I.4    Triassi, M.5    Amodio-Cocchieri, R.6
  • 22
    • 84941903494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: levels and phase distributions in preschool environments
    • [22] Oliveira, M., Slezakova, K., Delerue-Matos, C., Pereira, M.C., Morais, S., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: levels and phase distributions in preschool environments. Indoor Air 25 (2015), 557–568.
    • (2015) Indoor Air , vol.25 , pp. 557-568
    • Oliveira, M.1    Slezakova, K.2    Delerue-Matos, C.3    Pereira, M.C.4    Morais, S.5
  • 23
    • 0038308580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home
    • [23] Wilson, N.K., Chuang, J.C., Lyu, C., Menton, R., Morgan, M.K., Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemol. 13 (2003), 187–202.
    • (2003) J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemol. , vol.13 , pp. 187-202
    • Wilson, N.K.1    Chuang, J.C.2    Lyu, C.3    Menton, R.4    Morgan, M.K.5
  • 24
    • 84863901636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excretion profiles and half-lives of ten urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites after dietary exposure
    • [24] Li, Z., Romanoff, L., Bartell, S., Pittman, E.N., Trinidad, D.A., McClean, M., Webster, T.F., Sjödin, A., Excretion profiles and half-lives of ten urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites after dietary exposure. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 25 (2012), 1452–1461.
    • (2012) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 1452-1461
    • Li, Z.1    Romanoff, L.2    Bartell, S.3    Pittman, E.N.4    Trinidad, D.A.5    McClean, M.6    Webster, T.F.7    Sjödin, A.8
  • 25
    • 84893100100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor/outdoor relationships between PM10 and associated organic compounds in a primary school
    • [25] Alves, C.A., Urban, R.C., Pegas, P.N., Nunes, T., Indoor/outdoor relationships between PM10 and associated organic compounds in a primary school. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 14 (2014), 86–98.
    • (2014) Aerosol Air Qual. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 86-98
    • Alves, C.A.1    Urban, R.C.2    Pegas, P.N.3    Nunes, T.4
  • 26
    • 33847795397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal influence on vapor-and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in school communities located in southern California
    • [26] Eiguren-Fernandez, A., Avol, E.L., Thurairatnam, S., Hakami, M., Froines, J.R., Miguel, A.H., Seasonal influence on vapor-and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in school communities located in southern California. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 41 (2007), 438–446.
    • (2007) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 438-446
    • Eiguren-Fernandez, A.1    Avol, E.L.2    Thurairatnam, S.3    Hakami, M.4    Froines, J.R.5    Miguel, A.H.6
  • 28
    • 84912009234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children and elders exposure assessment to particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the city of Rome Italy
    • [28] Gatto, M.P., Gariazzo, C., Gordiani, A., L'Episcopo, N., Gherardi, M., Children and elders exposure assessment to particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the city of Rome Italy. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21 (2013), 13152–13159.
    • (2013) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 13152-13159
    • Gatto, M.P.1    Gariazzo, C.2    Gordiani, A.3    L'Episcopo, N.4    Gherardi, M.5
  • 29
    • 84910006982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of indoor and outdoor air quality of the classrooms at a school in Serbia
    • [29] Jovanović, M., Vučićević, B., Turanjanin, V., Živković, M., Spasojević, V., Investigation of indoor and outdoor air quality of the classrooms at a school in Serbia. Energy 77 (2014), 42–48.
    • (2014) Energy , vol.77 , pp. 42-48
    • Jovanović, M.1    Vučićević, B.2    Turanjanin, V.3    Živković, M.4    Spasojević, V.5
  • 30
    • 84891628504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment of inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in school children
    • [30] Jyethi, D.S., Khillare, P.S., Sarkar, S., Risk assessment of inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in school children. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21 (2014), 366–378.
    • (2014) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 366-378
    • Jyethi, D.S.1    Khillare, P.S.2    Sarkar, S.3
  • 33
    • 33846291825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of potential cancer risk in children exposed to urban air pollution in Bangkok, Thailand
    • [33] Ruchirawat, M., Settachan, D., Navasumrit, P., Tuntawiroon, J., Autrup, H., Assessment of potential cancer risk in children exposed to urban air pollution in Bangkok, Thailand. Toxicol. Lett. 168 (2007), 200–209.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.168 , pp. 200-209
    • Ruchirawat, M.1    Settachan, D.2    Navasumrit, P.3    Tuntawiroon, J.4    Autrup, H.5
  • 34
    • 33845742565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental impacts on children's health in Southeast Asia: genotoxic compounds in urban air
    • [34] Ruchirawat, M., Navasumrit, P., Settachan, D., Autrup, H., Environmental impacts on children's health in Southeast Asia: genotoxic compounds in urban air. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1076 (2006), 678–690.
    • (2006) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1076 , pp. 678-690
    • Ruchirawat, M.1    Navasumrit, P.2    Settachan, D.3    Autrup, H.4
  • 35
  • 36
    • 34047137209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased health risk in Bangkok children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from traffic-related sources
    • [36] Tuntawiroon, J., Mahidol, C., Navasumrit, P., Autrup, H., Ruchirawat, M., Increased health risk in Bangkok children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from traffic-related sources. Carcinogenesis 28 (2007), 816–822.
    • (2007) Carcinogenesis , vol.28 , pp. 816-822
    • Tuntawiroon, J.1    Mahidol, C.2    Navasumrit, P.3    Autrup, H.4    Ruchirawat, M.5
  • 39
    • 84858376425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study of childreńs exposure to PAHs and its association with 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in Guangzhou, China
    • [39] Fan, R., Wang, D., Mao, C., Ou, S., Lian, Z., Huang, S., Lin, Q., Ding, R., She, J., Preliminary study of childreńs exposure to PAHs and its association with 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in Guangzhou, China. Environ. Int. 42 (2012), 53–58.
    • (2012) Environ. Int. , vol.42 , pp. 53-58
    • Fan, R.1    Wang, D.2    Mao, C.3    Ou, S.4    Lian, Z.5    Huang, S.6    Lin, Q.7    Ding, R.8    She, J.9
  • 40
    • 79958774786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons arsenic and environmental tobacco smoke, nutrient intake, and oxidative stress in Japanese preschool children
    • [40] Mori, T., Yoshinaga, J., Suzuki, K., Mizoi, M., Adachi, S., Tao, H., Nakazato, T., Li, Y.-S., Kawai, K., Kasai, H., Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons arsenic and environmental tobacco smoke, nutrient intake, and oxidative stress in Japanese preschool children. Sci. Total Environ. 409 (2011), 2881–2887.
    • (2011) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.409 , pp. 2881-2887
    • Mori, T.1    Yoshinaga, J.2    Suzuki, K.3    Mizoi, M.4    Adachi, S.5    Tao, H.6    Nakazato, T.7    Li, Y.-S.8    Kawai, K.9    Kasai, H.10
  • 41
    • 33644858643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air
    • [41] Directive 2004/107/EC, Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. Off. J. Eur. Union L23 (2005), 3–16.
    • (2005) Off. J. Eur. Union , vol.L23 , pp. 3-16
    • Directive 2004/107/EC1
  • 42
    • 14644443109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air - Compendium Method To-13A: Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pahs) in Ambient Air Using Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
    • second edition US Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, United States of America
    • [42] USEPA, Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air - Compendium Method To-13A: Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pahs) in Ambient Air Using Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). second edition, 1999, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, United States of America.
    • (1999)
    • USEPA1
  • 43
    • 79952438075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas and particulate phases of indoor environment influenced by tobacco smoke: levels, phase distribution and health risks
    • [43] Castro, D., Slezakova, K., Delerue-Matos, C., Alvim-Ferraz, M.C., Morais, S., Pereira, M.C., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas and particulate phases of indoor environment influenced by tobacco smoke: levels, phase distribution and health risks. Atmos. Environ. 45 (2011), 1799–1808.
    • (2011) Atmos. Environ. , vol.45 , pp. 1799-1808
    • Castro, D.1    Slezakova, K.2    Delerue-Matos, C.3    Alvim-Ferraz, M.C.4    Morais, S.5    Pereira, M.C.6
  • 44
    • 0023631742 scopus 로고
    • A review of sampling methods for polyaromatic hydrocarbons in air
    • [44] Davis, C.S., Fellin, P., Otson, R., A review of sampling methods for polyaromatic hydrocarbons in air. JAPCA 37:12 (1987), 1397–1408.
    • (1987) JAPCA , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1397-1408
    • Davis, C.S.1    Fellin, P.2    Otson, R.3
  • 45
    • 84994317163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase Three Manual, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, Auckland, New Zealand
    • [45] ISAAC, Phase Three Manual, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, Auckland, New Zealand (2000).
    • (2000)
    • ISAAC1
  • 46
    • 33947127703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Survey B -Individual Questionnaire, Evidence and Information Policy
    • World Health Organization (accessed 19.01.16)
    • [46] WHO, World Health Survey B -Individual Questionnaire, Evidence and Information Policy. 2002, World Health Organization http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/whslongindividuala.pdf (accessed 19.01.16).
    • (2002)
    • WHO1
  • 47
    • 84994260259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational and Residential Exposure Test Guidelines: 875.1500 Biological Monitoring
    • (accessed 8.01.16)
    • [47] USEPA, Occupational and Residential Exposure Test Guidelines: 875.1500 Biological Monitoring. 1996 http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmonized/875_Occupational_and_Residential_Exposure_Test_Guidelines/Series/875-1500.pdf (accessed 8.01.16).
    • (1996)
    • USEPA1
  • 50
    • 64149109973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography
    • [50] Castro, D., Slezakova, K., Oliva-Teles, M.T., Delerue-Matos, C., Alvim-Ferraz, M.C., Morais, S., Pereira, M.C., Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography. J. Sep. Sci. 32 (2009), 501–510.
    • (2009) J. Sep. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 501-510
    • Castro, D.1    Slezakova, K.2    Oliva-Teles, M.T.3    Delerue-Matos, C.4    Alvim-Ferraz, M.C.5    Morais, S.6    Pereira, M.C.7
  • 51
    • 33749008491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of urinary hydroxylated metabolites of naphthalene fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene as multiple biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    • [51] Chetiyanukornkul, T., Toriba, A., Kameda, T., Tang, N., Hayakawa, K., Simultaneous determination of urinary hydroxylated metabolites of naphthalene fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene as multiple biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 386 (2006), 712–718.
    • (2006) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.386 , pp. 712-718
    • Chetiyanukornkul, T.1    Toriba, A.2    Kameda, T.3    Tang, N.4    Hayakawa, K.5
  • 52
    • 0003439692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry
    • Pearson Education Ltd. Harlow
    • [52] Miller, J.N., Miller, J.C., Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. 2000, Pearson Education Ltd., Harlow.
    • (2000)
    • Miller, J.N.1    Miller, J.C.2
  • 53
    • 40449119747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on Standard Operating Procedures for Clinical Chemistry
    • World Health Organization New Delhi
    • [53] Kanagasabapathy, A.S., Kumari, S., Guidelines on Standard Operating Procedures for Clinical Chemistry. 2000, World Health Organization, New Delhi, 25–28.
    • (2000) , pp. 25-28
    • Kanagasabapathy, A.S.1    Kumari, S.2
  • 54
    • 41949138917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation
    • [54] Ravindra, K., Sokhi, R., Grieken, R.V., Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmos. Environ. 42 (2008), 2895–2921.
    • (2008) Atmos. Environ. , vol.42 , pp. 2895-2921
    • Ravindra, K.1    Sokhi, R.2    Grieken, R.V.3
  • 55
  • 56
    • 80051692071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants
    • Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization Copenhagen, Denmark
    • [56] WHO, WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. 2010, Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    • (2010)
    • WHO1
  • 57
    • 79953768323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of carcinogenic risk due to inhalation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM10 from an industrial city: a Korean case-study
    • [57] Vu, V.-T., Lee, B.-K., Kim, J.-T., Lee, C.-H., Kim, I.-H., Assessment of carcinogenic risk due to inhalation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM10 from an industrial city: a Korean case-study. J. Hazard. Mater. 189 (2011), 349–356.
    • (2011) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.189 , pp. 349-356
    • Vu, V.-T.1    Lee, B.-K.2    Kim, J.-T.3    Lee, C.-H.4    Kim, I.-H.5
  • 59
    • 57949094426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004
    • [59] Zhang, Y., Tao, S., Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004. Atmos. Environ. 43 (2009), 812–819.
    • (2009) Atmos. Environ. , vol.43 , pp. 812-819
    • Zhang, Y.1    Tao, S.2
  • 61
    • 84994348515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical Yearbook of Portugal 2014
    • National Institute of Statistics Lisbon (accessed 14.3.16)
    • [61] NIS, Statistical Yearbook of Portugal 2014. 2015, National Institute of Statistics, Lisbon https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=249640736&PUBLICACOESmodo=2 (accessed 14.3.16).
    • (2015)
    • NIS1
  • 62
    • 0003541735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace
    • World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland
    • [62] WHO, Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace. 1996, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1996)
    • WHO1
  • 64
    • 44649103908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration and profile of 22 urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in the US population
    • [64] Li, Z., Sandau, C.D., Romanoff, L.C., Caudill, S.P., Sjodin, A., Needham, L.L., Patterson, D.G. Jr., Concentration and profile of 22 urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in the US population. Environ. Res. 107 (2008), 320–331.
    • (2008) Environ. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 320-331
    • Li, Z.1    Sandau, C.D.2    Romanoff, L.C.3    Caudill, S.P.4    Sjodin, A.5    Needham, L.L.6    Patterson, D.G.7
  • 66
    • 0030865148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene after human volunteer exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    • [66] Brzeznicki, S., Jakubowski, M., Czerski, B., Elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene after human volunteer exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 70 (1997), 257–260.
    • (1997) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.70 , pp. 257-260
    • Brzeznicki, S.1    Jakubowski, M.2    Czerski, B.3
  • 67
    • 0026564746 scopus 로고
    • An examination of the time course from human dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to urinary elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene
    • [67] Buckley, T.J., Lioy, P.J., An examination of the time course from human dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to urinary elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene. Br. J. Ind. Med. 49 (1992), 113–124.
    • (1992) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.49 , pp. 113-124
    • Buckley, T.J.1    Lioy, P.J.2
  • 68
    • 0028928975 scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion kinetics of 1-hydroxypyrene in volunteers exposed to pyrene by the oral and dermal route
    • [68] Viau, C., Carrier, G., Vyskocil, A., Dodd, C., Urinary excretion kinetics of 1-hydroxypyrene in volunteers exposed to pyrene by the oral and dermal route. Sci. Total Environ. 163 (1995), 179–186.
    • (1995) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.163 , pp. 179-186
    • Viau, C.1    Carrier, G.2    Vyskocil, A.3    Dodd, C.4
  • 69
    • 23444435689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in children living in city and rural residences in Denmark
    • [69] Hansen, Å.M., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Knudsen, L.E., Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in children living in city and rural residences in Denmark. Sci. Total Environ. 347 (2005), 98–105.
    • (2005) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.347 , pp. 98-105
    • Hansen, Å.M.1    Raaschou-Nielsen, O.2    Knudsen, L.E.3
  • 73
    • 0035092839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal exposure to PAHs of children and adults living in homes with parquet flooring containing high levels of PAHs in the parquet glue
    • [73] Heudorf, U., Angerer, J., Internal exposure to PAHs of children and adults living in homes with parquet flooring containing high levels of PAHs in the parquet glue. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 74 (2001), 91–101.
    • (2001) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.74 , pp. 91-101
    • Heudorf, U.1    Angerer, J.2
  • 74
    • 0037757933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug metabolism and disposition in children
    • [74] Strolin, B.M., Baltes, E.L., Drug metabolism and disposition in children. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 17 (2003), 281–299.
    • (2003) Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.17 , pp. 281-299
    • Strolin, B.M.1    Baltes, E.L.2
  • 75
    • 0025261744 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values
    • [75] Hornung, R.W., Reed, L.D., Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 5 (1990), 46–51.
    • (1990) Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.5 , pp. 46-51
    • Hornung, R.W.1    Reed, L.D.2
  • 80
    • 84355162173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of 1-hydroxypyrene and hydroxyphenanthrenes in urine of children and adults from Afghanistan
    • [80] Hemat, H., Wittsiepe, J., Wilhelm, M., Müller, J., Göen, T., High levels of 1-hydroxypyrene and hydroxyphenanthrenes in urine of children and adults from Afghanistan. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemol. 22 (2012), 46–51.
    • (2012) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemol. , vol.22 , pp. 46-51
    • Hemat, H.1    Wittsiepe, J.2    Wilhelm, M.3    Müller, J.4    Göen, T.5
  • 81
    • 84994362827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission Decision of 21 May 2007 concerning the non-inclusion of carbaryl in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing that substance (notified under document number C(2007) 2093)
    • [81] European Commission, 2007/355/CE, Commission Decision of 21 May 2007 concerning the non-inclusion of carbaryl in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing that substance (notified under document number C(2007) 2093). Off. J. Eur. Union L133 (2007), 40–41.
    • (2007) Off. J. Eur. Union , vol.L133 , pp. 40-41
    • European Commission, 2007/355/CE,1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.