End-of-Life Decisions and Palliative Care in Advanced Heart Failure

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 32, Issue 9, 2016, Pages 1148-1156

  Meyers, Deborah E ^a   Goodlin, Sarah J ^b  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRAIL ELDERLY; HEART FAILURE; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; ILLNESS TRAJECTORY; LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE; LIVING WILL; MEDICAL ETHICS; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT AUTONOMY; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PATIENT SELF-DETERMINATION ACT; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; RECOGNITION; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SHARED DECISION MAKING; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; TERMINAL CARE; DECISION MAKING; HEART ASSIST DEVICE; PATIENT COMFORT; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PSYCHOLOGY;

DECISION MAKING; HEART FAILURE; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HEART-ASSIST DEVICES; HUMANS; PALLIATIVE CARE; PATIENT COMFORT; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PROGNOSIS;

EID: 84991669790     PISSN: 0828282X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.04.015     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. 1 Public Health Agency of Canada. 2009 Tracking Heart Disease and Stroke in Canada. Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2009/cvd-avc/index-eng.php. Accessed January 15, 2016.
2. 2 Heart and Stroke Foundation. Available at: http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.2796497/k.BF8B/Home.htm. Accessed January 15, 2016.
3. 3 World Health Organization. WHO Definition of Palliative Care. Available at: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en. Accessed January 15, 2016.
4. 4 Roger, V.L., Weston, S.A., Redfield, M.M., et al. Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based population. JAMA 292 (2004), 344–350.
5. 5 Chen-Scarabelli, C., Saravolatz, L., Hirsh, B., Agrawal, P., Scarabelli, T.M., Dilemmas in end-stage heart failure. J Geriatr Cardiol 12 (2015), 57–65.
6. 6 Dickstein, K., Cohen-Solal, A., Filippatos, G., et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 10 (2008), 933–989.
7. 7 Fang, J.C., Ewald, G.A., Allen, L.A., et al. Advanced (stage D) heart failure: a statement from the Heart Failure Society of America Guidelines Committee. J Card Fail 21 (2015), 519–534.
8. 8 Lindenfeld, J., Albert, N.M., Boehmer, J.P., et al. HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail 16 (2010), e1–e194.
9. 9 McKelvie, R.S., Moe, G.W., Cheung, A., et al. The 2011 Canadian Cardiovascular Society heart failure management guidelines update: focus on sleep apnea, renal dysfunction, mechanical circulatory support, and palliative care. Can J Cardiol 27 (2011), 319–338.
10. 10 Whellan, D.J., Goodlin, S.J., Dickinson, M.G., et al. End-of-life care in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 20 (2014), 121–134.
11. 11 Yancy, C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation 128 (2013), e240–e327.
12. 12 Bakitas, M., Macmartin, M., Trzepkowski, K., et al. Palliative care consultations for heart failure patients: how many, when, and why?. J Card Fail 19 (2013), 193–201.
13. 13 Fernandes, S., Guthrie, D.M., A comparison between end-of-life home care clients with cancer and heart failure in Ontario. Home Health Care Serv Q 34 (2015), 14–29.
14. 14 Greener, D.T., Quill, T., Amir, O., Szydlowski, J., Gramling, R.E., Palliative care referral among patients hospitalized with advanced heart failure. J Palliat Med 17 (2014), 1115–1120.
15. 15 Morrison, R.S., Dietrich, J., Ladwig, S., et al. Palliative care consultation teams cut hospital costs for Medicaid beneficiaries. Health Aff (Millwood) 30 (2011), 454–463.
16. 16 Carson, S.S., Kahn, J.M., Hough, C.L., et al. A multicenter mortality prediction model for patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 40 (2012), 1171–1176.
17. 17 Hua, M.S., Li, G., Blinderman, C.D., Wunsch, H., Estimates of the need for palliative care consultation across united states intensive care units using a trigger-based model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189 (2014), 428–436.
18. 18 Temel, J.S., Greer, J.A., Muzikansky, A., et al. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 363 (2010), 733–742.
19. 19 Bakitas, M., Lyons, K.D., Hegel, M.T., et al. Effects of a palliative care intervention on clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer: the Project ENABLE II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 302 (2009), 741–749.
20. 20 Evangelista, L.S., Lombardo, D., Malik, S., et al. Examining the effects of an outpatient palliative care consultation on symptom burden, depression, and quality of life in patients with symptomatic heart failure. J Card Fail 18 (2012), 894–899.
21. 21 Rabow, M., Kvale, E., Barbour, L., et al. Moving upstream: a review of the evidence of the impact of outpatient palliative care. J Palliat Med 16 (2013), 1540–1549.
22. 22 Schwarz, E.R., Baraghoush, A., Morrissey, R.P., et al. Pilot study of palliative care consultation in patients with advanced heart failure referred for cardiac transplantation. J Palliat Med 15 (2012), 12–15.
23. 23 Sidebottom, A.C., Jorgenson, A., Richards, H., Kirven, J., Sillah, A., Inpatient palliative care for patients with acute heart failure: outcomes from a randomized trial. J Palliat Med 18 (2015), 134–142.
24. 24 Strachan, P.H., Ross, H., Rocker, G.M., Dodek, P.M., Heyland, D.K., Mind the gap: opportunities for improving end-of-life care for patients with advanced heart failure. Can J Cardiol 25 (2009), 635–640.
25. 25 Kavalieratos, D., Mitchell, E.M., Carey, T.S., et al. “Not the ‘grim reaper service’”: an assessment of provider knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding palliative care referral barriers in heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc, 3, 2014, e000544.
26. 26 Han, P.K., Reeve, B.B., Moser, R.P., Klein, W.M., Aversion to ambiguity regarding medical tests and treatments: measurement, prevalence, and relationship to sociodemographic factors. J Health Comm 14 (2009), 556–572.
27. 27 Allen, L.A., Stevenson, L.W., Grady, K.L., et al. Decision making in advanced heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 125 (2012), 1928–1952.
28. 28 Health Law Institute. Dalhousie University. End-of-life law & policy in Canada. Available at: http://eol.law.dal.ca/?page_id=231. Accessed January 27, 2016.
29. 29 Sudore, R.L., Fried, T.R., Redefining the “planning” in advance care planning: preparing for end-of-life decision making. Ann Intern Med 153 (2010), 256–261.
30. 30 Tulsky, J.A., Beyond advance directives: importance of communication skills at the end of life. JAMA 294 (2005), 359–365.
31. 31 Wright, A.A., Zhang, B., Ray, A., et al. Associations between end-of-life discussions, patient mental health, medical care near death, and caregiver bereavement adjustment. JAMA 300 (2008), 1665–1673.
32. 32 Denvir, M.A., Murray, S.A., Boyd, K.J., Future care planning: a first step to palliative care for all patients with advanced heart disease. Heart 101 (2015), 1002–1007.
33. 33 Detering, K.M., Hancock, A.D., Reade, M.C., Silvester, W., The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 340, 2010, c1345.
34. 34 Houben, C.H., Spruit, M.A., Groenen, M.T., Wouters, E.F., Janssen, D.J., Efficacy of advance care planning: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 15 (2014), 477–489.
35. 35 Lo, B., Steinbrook, R., Resuscitating advance directives. Arch Intern Med 164 (2004), 1501–1506.
36. 36 Perkins, H.S., Controlling death: the false promise of advance directives. Ann Intern Med 147 (2007), 51–57.
37. 37 Fagerlin, A., Schneider, C.E., Enough. The failure of the living will. Hastings Cent Rep 34 (2004), 30–42.
38. 38 Stevenson, L.W., O'Donnell, A., Advanced care planning: care to plan in advance. JACC Heart Fail 3 (2015), 122–126.
39. 39 Ramsaroop, S.D., Reid, M.C., Adelman, R.D., Completing an advance directive in the primary care setting: what do we need for success?. J Am Geriatr Soc 55 (2007), 277–283.
40. 40 Butler, J., Binney, Z., Kalogeropoulos, A., et al. Advance directives among hospitalized patients with heart failure. JACC Heart Fail 3 (2015), 112–121.
41. 41 Murray, S.A., Kendall, M., Boyd, K., Sheikh, A., Illness trajectories and palliative care. BMJ 330 (2005), 1007–1011.
42. 42 Glare, P., Virik, K., Jones, M., et al. A systematic review of physicians' survival predictions in terminally ill cancer patients. BMJ 327 (2003), 195–198.
43. 43 Goldraich, L., Beck-da-Silva, L., Clausell, N., Are scores useful in advanced heart failure?. Exp Rev Cardiovasc Ther 7 (2009), 985–997.
44. 44 Ketchum, E.S., Levy, W.C., Multivariate risk scores and patient outcomes in advanced heart failure. Congest Heart Fail 17 (2011), 205–212.
45. 45 Alba, A.C., Agoritsas, T., Jankowski, M., et al. Risk prediction models for mortality in ambulatory patients with heart failure: a systematic review. Circ Heart Fail 6 (2013), 881–889.
46. 46 Murad, K., Kitzman, D.W., Frailty and multiple comorbidities in the elderly patient with heart failure: implications for management. Heart Fail Rev 17 (2012), 581–588.
47. 47 Oudejans, I., Mosterd, A., Zuithoff, N.P., Hoes, A.W., Comorbidity drives mortality in newly diagnosed heart failure: a study among geriatric outpatients. J Card Fail 18 (2012), 47–52.
48. 48 Lee, D.S., Austin, P.C., Rouleau, J.L., et al. Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model. JAMA 290 (2003), 2581–2587.
49. 49 Levy, W.C., Mozaffarian, D., Linker, D.T., et al. The Seattle Heart Failure Model: prediction of survival in heart failure. Circulation 113 (2006), 1424–1433.
50. 50 Gorodeski, E.Z., Chu, E.C., Chow, C.H., et al. Application of the Seattle Heart Failure Model in ambulatory patients presented to an advanced heart failure therapeutics committee. Circ Heart Fail 3 (2010), 706–714.
51. 51 May, H.T., Horne, B.D., Levy, W.C., et al. Validation of the Seattle Heart Failure Model in a community-based heart failure population and enhancement by adding B-type natriuretic peptide. Am J Cardiol 100 (2007), 697–700.
52. 52 Aaronson, K.D., Schwartz, J.S., Chen, T.M., et al. Development and prospective validation of a clinical index to predict survival in ambulatory patients referred for cardiac transplant evaluation. Circulation 95 (1997), 2660–2667.
53. 53 Kramer, D.B., Friedman, P.A., Kallinen, L.M., et al. Development and validation of a risk score to predict early mortality in recipients of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Rhythm 9 (2012), 42–46.
54. 54 Frankenstein, L., Goode, K., Ingle, L., et al. Derivation and validation of a simple clinical risk-model in heart failure based on 6 minute walk test performance and NT-proBNP status–do we need specificity for sex and beta-blockers?. Int J Cardiol 147 (2011), 74–78.
55. 55 Bilchick, K.C., Stukenborg, G.J., Kamath, S., Cheng, A., Prediction of mortality in clinical practice for medicare patients undergoing defibrillator implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol 60 (2012), 1647–1655.
56. 56 La Rovere, M.T., Maestri, R., Caporotondi, A., et al. Pre-discharge evaluation in heart failure - additive predictive value of the 6-minute walking test to clinical scores. Circ J 79 (2015), 1756–1763.
57. 57 Murad, K., Goff, D.C. Jr., Morgan, T.M., et al. Burden of comorbidities and functional and cognitive impairments in elderly patients at the initial diagnosis of heart failure and their impact on total mortality: the Cardiovascular Health Study. JACC Heart Fail 3 (2015), 542–550.
58. 58 Afilalo, J., Alexander, K.P., Mack, M.J., et al. Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (2014), 747–762.
59. 59 Cacciatore, F., Abete, P., Mazzella, F., et al. Frailty predicts long-term mortality in elderly subjects with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Invest 35 (2005), 723–730.
60. 60 Newman, A.B., Gottdiener, J.S., McBurnie, M.A., et al. Associations of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56 (2001), M158–M166.
61. 61 Pulignano, G., Del Sindaco, D., Di Lenarda, A., et al. Usefulness of frailty profile for targeting older heart failure patients in disease management programs: a cost-effectiveness, pilot study. J Cardiovasc Med 11 (2010), 739–747.
62. 62 Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56 (2001), M146–M156.
63. 63 Moorhouse, P., Mallery, L.H., Palliative and therapeutic harmonization: a model for appropriate decision-making in frail older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 60 (2012), 2326–2332.
64. 64 Nelson, J.E., Curtis, J.R., Mulkerin, C., et al. Choosing and using screening criteria for palliative care consultation in the ICU: a report from the Improving Palliative Care in the ICU (IPAL-ICU) Advisory Board. Crit Care Med 41 (2013), 2318–2327.
65. 65 Dionne-Odom, J.N., Kono, A., Frost, J., et al. Translating and testing the ENABLE: CHF-PC concurrent palliative care model for older adults with heart failure and their family caregivers. J Palliat Med 17 (2014), 995–1004.
66. 66 Low, J., Pattenden, J., Candy, B., Beattie, J.M., Jones, L., Palliative care in advanced heart failure: an international review of the perspectives of recipients and health professionals on care provision. J Card Fail 17 (2011), 231–252.
67. 67 Periyakoil, V.S., Neri, E., Kraemer, H., No easy talk: a mixed methods study of doctor reported barriers to conducting effective end-of-life conversations with diverse patients. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0122321.
68. 68 Allen, L.A., Yager, J.E., Funk, M.J., et al. Discordance between patient-predicted and model-predicted life expectancy among ambulatory patients with heart failure. JAMA 299 (2008), 2533–2542.
69. 69 Yancy, C.W., Predicting life expectancy in heart failure. JAMA 299 (2008), 2566–2567.
70. 70 Lewis, E.F., Johnson, P.A., Johnson, W., et al. Preferences for quality of life or survival expressed by patients with heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 20 (2001), 1016–1024.
71. 71 Bedell, S.E., Pelle, D., Maher, P.L., Cleary, P.D., Do-not-resuscitate orders for critically ill patients in the hospital. How are they used and what is their impact?. JAMA 256 (1986), 233–237.
72. 72 Wachter, R.M., Luce, J.M., Hearst, N., Lo, B., Decisions about resuscitation: inequities among patients with different diseases but similar prognoses. Ann Intern Med 111 (1989), 525–532.
73. 73 Krumholz, H.M., Phillips, R.S., Hamel, M.B., et al. Resuscitation preferences among patients with severe congestive heart failure: results from the SUPPORT project. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Circulation 98 (1998), 648–655.
74. 74 Teno, J., Lynn, J., Wenger, N., et al. Advance directives for seriously ill hospitalized patients: effectiveness with the patient self-determination act and the SUPPORT intervention. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 45 (1997), 500–507.
75. 75 Goodlin, S.J., Zhong, Z., Lynn, J., et al. Factors associated with use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in seriously ill hospitalized adults. JAMA 282 (1999), 2333–2339.
76. 76 Phillips, R.S., Wenger, N.S., Teno, J., et al. Choices of seriously ill patients about cardiopulmonary resuscitation: correlates and outcomes. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Am J Med 100 (1996), 128–137.
77. 77 Virdun, C., Luckett, T., Davidson, P.M., Phillips, J., Dying in the hospital setting: a systematic review of quantitative studies identifying the elements of end-of-life care that patients and their families rank as being most important. Palliat Med 29 (2015), 774–796.
78. 78 Kristjanson, L.J., Quality of terminal care: salient indicators identified by families. J Palliat Care 5 (1989), 21–30.
79. 79 Dev, S., Abernethy, A.P., Rogers, J.G., O'Connor, C.M., Preferences of people with advanced heart failure-a structured narrative literature review to inform decision making in the palliative care setting. Am Heart J 164 (2012), 313–319.e315.
80. 80 Parker, S.M., Clayton, J.M., Hancock, K., et al. A systematic review of prognostic/end-of-life communication with adults in the advanced stages of a life-limiting illness: patient/caregiver preferences for the content, style, and timing of information. J Pain Symptom Manage 34 (2007), 81–93.
81. 81 Formiga, F., Chivite, D., Ortega, C., et al. End-of-life preferences in elderly patients admitted for heart failure. QJM 97 (2004), 803–808.
82. 82 Gott, M., Small, N., Barnes, S., Payne, S., Seamark, D., Older people's views of a good death in heart failure: implications for palliative care provision. Soc Sci Med 67 (2008), 1113–1121.
83. 83 Goldstein, N.E., Mehta, D., Siddiqui, S., et al. “That's like an act of suicide” patients' attitudes toward deactivation of implantable defibrillators. J Gen Intern Med 23:suppl 1 (2008), 7–12.
84. 84 Goldstein, N., Carlson, M., Livote, E., Kutner, J.S., Brief communication: management of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in hospice: a nationwide survey. Ann Intern Med 152 (2010), 296–299.
85. 85 The Conversation Project. Available at: http://theconversationproject.org. Accessed January 27, 2016.
86. 86 National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Mental Health. Guide offers a blueprint for end-of-life conversation with youth. Available at: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2013/guide-offers-a-blueprint-for-end-of-life-conversation-with-youth.shtml. Accessed January 27, 2016.
87. 87 The International Society for Heart & Lung Transplantation. Registries - Heart/Lung Registries > Slides. Available at: http://www.ishlt.org/registries/slides.asp?slides=heartLungRegistry. Accessed January 27, 2016.
88. 88 Canadian Institute for Health Information. Table 1A: Transplants, by organ and donor type, province of treatment, Canada (number). Available at: https://www.cihi.ca/en/report_stats2012_pdf_en.pdf. Accessed January 27, 2016.
89. 89 Yusen, R.D., Edwards, L.B., Kucheryavaya, A.Y., et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-second Official Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplantation Report-2015; Focus Theme: Early Graft Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 34 (2015), 1264–1277.
90. 90 Singh, T.P., Milliren, C.E., Almond, C.S., Graham, D., Survival benefit from transplantation in patients listed for heart transplantation in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (2014), 1169–1178.
91. 91 Bramstedt, K.A., Hoping for a miracle: supporting patients in transplantation and cardiac assist programs. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2 (2008), 252–255.
92. 92 McKenna, M., Clark, S.C., Palliative care in cardiopulmonary transplantation. BMJ Support Palliat Care 5 (2015), 427–434.
93. 93 Slaughter, M.S., Rogers, J.G., Milano, C.A., et al. Advanced heart failure treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. N Engl J Med 361 (2009), 2241–2251.
94. 94 Swetz, K.M., Cook, K.E., Ottenberg, A.L., Chang, N., Mueller, P.S., Clinicians' attitudes regarding withdrawal of left ventricular assist devices in patients approaching the end of life. Eur J Heart Fail 15 (2013), 1262–1266.
95. 95 Hernandez, R.E., Singh, S.K., Hoang, D.T., et al. Present-day hospital readmissions after left ventricular assist device implantation: a large single-center study. Tex Heart Inst J 42 (2015), 419–429.
96. 96 Lemond, L., Allen, L.A., Palliative care and hospice in advanced heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 54 (2011), 168–178.
97. 97 Blumenthal-Barby, J.S., Kostick, K.M., Delgado, E.D., et al. Assessment of patients' and caregivers' informational and decisional needs for left ventricular assist device placement: implications for informed consent and shared decision-making. J Heart Lung Transplant 34 (2015), 1182–1189.
98. 98 Swetz, K.M., Freeman, M.R., AbouEzzeddine, O.F., et al. Palliative medicine consultation for preparedness planning in patients receiving left ventricular assist devices as destination therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 86 (2011), 493–500.