The Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence: Principles and Updates

Emotion Review

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 290-300

  Mayer, John D ^a   Caruso, David R ^b   Salovey, Peter ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

ability measures; broad intelligences; emotional intelligence; personal intelligence; social intelligence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84990977353     PISSN: 17540739     EISSN: 17540747     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1754073916639667     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Ackerman P. L., Heggestad E. D., (1997). Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits. Psychological Bulletin, 121 (2), 219-245. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.2.219
2. Ackerman P. L., Kanfer R., (2004). Cognitive, affective, and conative aspects of adult intellect within a typical and maximal performance framework. In Dai D. Y., Sternberg R. J., (Eds.), Motivation, emotion, and cognition: Integrative perspectives on intellectual functioning and development (pp. 119-141). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
3. Allen V. D., Weissman A., Hellwig S., MacCann C., Roberts R. D., (2014). Development of the short form of the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding-Brief (STEU-B) using item response theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 3-7. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.051
4. Ayduk O., Mischel W., (2002). When smart people behave stupidly: Reconciling inconsistencies in social-emotional intelligence. In Sternberg R. J., (Ed.), Why smart people can be so stupid (pp. 86-105). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5. Barrett L. F., Mesquita B., Gendron M., (2011). Context in emotion perception. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20 (5), 286-290. doi: 10.1177/0963721411422522
6. Baumeister R. F., Leary M. R., (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117 (3), 497-529. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
7. Beauducel A., Kersting M., (2002). Fluid and crystallized intelligence and the Berlin model of intelligence structure (BIS). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18 (2), 97-112. doi: 10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.97
8. Brackett M. A., Rivers S. E., Shiffman S., Lerner N., Salovey P., (2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: A comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91 (4), 780-795. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.780
9. Cacioppo J. T., Semin G. R., Berntson G. G., (2004). Realism, instrumentalism, and scientific symbiosis: Psychological theory as a search for truth and the discovery of solutions. American Psychologist, 57, 214-223.
10. Cambria E., Hussain A., Havasi C., Eckl C., (2009). Common sense computing: From the society of mind to digital intuition and beyond. In Fierrez J., Ortega-Garcia J., Esposito A., Drygajlo A., Faundez-Zanuy M., (Eds.), Biometric ID management and multimodal communication (pp. 252-259). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
11. Carroll J. B., (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
12. Cohen J. B., Andrade E. B., (2004). Affective intuition and task-contingent affect regulation. Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (2), 358-367. doi: 10.1086/422114
13. Conzelmann K., Weis S., Süß H., (2013). New findings about social intelligence: Development and application of the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI). Journal of Individual Differences, 34 (3), 119-137. doi: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000106
14. Detterman D. K., (1982). Does "g" exist? Intelligence, 6 (2), 99-108. doi: 10.1016/0160-2896(82)90008-3
15. DeYoung C. G., (2011). Intelligence and personality. In Sternberg R. J., Kaufman S. B., (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of intelligence (pp. 711-737). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
16. Duckworth A. L., Quinn P. D., Tsukayama E., (2012). What No Child Left Behind leaves behind: The roles of IQ and self-control in predicting standardized achievement test scores and report card grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104 (2), 439-451. doi: 10.1037/a0026280
17. Dunn E. W., Brackett M. A., Ashton-James C., Schneiderman E., Salovey P., (2007). On emotionally intelligent time travel: Individual differences in affective forecasting ability. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33 (1), 85-93. doi: 10.1177/0146167206294201
18. Durlak J. A., Weissberg R. P., Dymnicki A. B., Taylor R. D., Schellinger K. B., (2011). The impact of enhancing students' social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82 (1), 405-432. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
19. Eisenberger N. I., (2015). Social pain and the brain: Controversies, questions, and where to go from here. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 601-629. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115146
20. Engel G. L., (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196 (4286), 129-136. doi: 10.1126/science.847460
21. Fernández-Berrocal P., Extremera N., (2016). Ability emotional intelligence, depression, and well-being. Emotion Review, 8 (4): 311-315.
22. Flanagan D. P., McGrew K. S., Ortiz S. O., (2000). The Wechsler Intelligence Scales and Gf-Gc theory: A contemporary approach to interpretation. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
23. Freud S., (1962). Civilization and its discontents. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
24. Funder D. C., (2001). Accuracy in personality judgment: Research and theory concerning an obvious question. In Hogan R., (Ed.), Personality psychology in the workplace (pp. 121-140). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25. Funder D. C., (2013). The personality puzzle (6th ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.
26. Gottfredson L. S., (1997). Mainstream science on intelligence: An editorial with 52 signatories, history and bibliography. Intelligence, 24 (1), 13-23. doi: 10.1016/S0160-2896(97)90011-8
27. Greenwald A. G., (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist, 35 (7), 603-618. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.35.7.603
28. Greven C. U., Harlaar N., Kovas Y., Chamorro-Premuzic T., Plomin R., (2009). More than just IQ: School achievement is predicted by self-perceived abilities-but for genetic rather than environmental reasons. Psychological Science, 20 (6), 753-762. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02366.x
29. Guilford J. P., (1966). Intelligence: 1965 model. American Psychologist, 21 (1), 20-26. doi: 10.1037/h0023296
30. Guilford J. P., (1988). Some changes in the structure-of-intellect model. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48 (1), 1-4. doi: 10.1177/001316448804800102
31. Haig B. D., (2005). An abductive theory of scientific method. Psychological Methods, 10 (4), 371-388. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.10.4.371
32. Heberlein A. S., Adolphs R., Tranel D., Damasio H., (2004). Cortical regions for judgments of emotions and personality traits from point-light walkers. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16 (7), 1143-1158. doi: 10.1162/0898929041920423
33. Heberlein A. S., Saxe R. R., (2005). Dissociation between emotion and personality judgments: Convergent evidence from functional neuroimaging. NeuroImage, 28 (4), 770-777. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.064
34. Hoepfner R., O'Sullivan M., (1968). Social intelligence and IQ. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 28 (2), 339-344. doi: 10.1177/001316446802800211
35. Isen A. M., Daubman K. A., Nowicki G. P., (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 (6), 1122-1131. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122
36. Izard C. E., (2010). The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation. Emotion Review, 2, 363-370. doi: 10.1177/1754073910374661
37. Izard C. E., Fine S., Schultz D., Mostow A., Ackerman B., Youngstrom E., (2001). Emotion knowledge as a predictor of social behavior and academic competence in children at risk. Psychological Science, 12 (1), 18-23.
38. Joint Committee. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
39. Joseph D. L., Newman D. A., (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95 (1), 54-78. doi: 10.1037/a0017286
40. Karim J., Weisz R., (2010). Cross-cultural research on the reliability and validity of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Cross-Cultural Research: The Journal of Comparative Social Science, 44 (4), 374-404. doi: 10.1177/1069397110377603
41. Legree P. J., Psotka J., Robbins J., Roberts R. D., Putka D. J., Mullins H. M., (2014). Profile similarity metrics as an alternate framework to score rating-based tests: MSCEIT reanalyses. Intelligence, 47, 159-174. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2014.09.005
42. Legree P. J., Psotka J., Tremble T., Bourne D. R., (2005). Using consensus based measurement to assess emotional intelligence. In Schulze R., Roberts R. D., (Eds.), Emotional intelligence: An international handbook (pp. 155-179). Ashland, OH: Hogrefe & Huber.
43. Leung A. K., Liou S., Qiu L., Kwan L. Y., Chiu C., Yong J. C., (2014). The role of instrumental emotion regulation in the emotions-creativity link: How worries render individuals with high neuroticism more creative. Emotion, 14 (5), 846-856. doi: 10.1037/a0036965
44. Lopes P. N., (2016). Emotional intelligence in organizations: Bridging research and practice. Emotion Review, 8 (4): 316-321.
45. MacCann C., Joseph D. L., Newman D. A., Roberts R. D., (2014). Emotional intelligence is a second-stratum factor of intelligence: Evidence from hierarchical and bifactor models. Emotion, 14, 358-374.
46. MacCann C., Roberts R. D., (2008). New paradigms for assessing emotional intelligence: Theory and data. Emotion, 8 (4), 540-551. doi: 10.1037/a0012746
47. Matsumoto D., Hwang H. S., (2012). Culture and emotion: The integration of biological and cultural contributions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43 (1), 91-118. doi: 10.1177/0022022111420147
48. Maul A., (2011). The factor structure and cross-test convergence of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso model of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 50 (4), 457-463. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.007
49. Mayer J. D., (2008). Personal intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 27 (3), 209-232. doi: 10.2190/IC.27.3.b
50. Mayer J. D., (2009). Personal intelligence expressed: A theoretical analysis. Review of General Psychology, 13 (1), 46-58. doi: 10.1037/a0014229
51. Mayer J. D., (2014). Personal intelligence: The power of personality and how it shapes our lives. New York, NY: Scientific American/Farrar Strauss & Giroux.
52. Mayer J. D., Panter A. T., Caruso D. R., (2012). Does personal intelligence exist? Evidence from a new ability-based measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 124-140. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2011.646108
53. Mayer J. D., Panter A. T., Caruso D. R., (2014). Test of Personal Intelligence (TOPI 1.4) manual. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire.
54. Mayer J. D., Roberts R. D., Barsade S. G., (2008). Human abilities: Emotional intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 507-536. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093646
55. Mayer J. D., Salovey P., (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17 (4), 433-442. doi: 10.1016/0160-2896(93)90010-3
56. Mayer J. D., Salovey P., (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In Sluyter D. J., (Ed.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3-34). New York, NY: Basic Books.
57. Mayer J. D., Salovey P., Caruso D. R., (2002). Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) users manual. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
58. Mayer J. D., Salovey P., Caruso D. R., (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63 (6), 503-517. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.503
59. Mayer J. D., Salovey P., Caruso D. R., Sitarenios G., (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. Emotion, 3 (1), 97-105. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.97
60. Mayer J. D., Skimmyhorn W., (2015,). Psychological predictors of cadet performance at West Point (originally titled: Learning about personal intelligence from the Test of Personal Intelligence). Poster presented at the Association for Research in Personality, St. Louis, MO.
61. Mayer J. D., Skimmyhorn W., (2016). Broad intelligences and the Big Five predict cadet performance at West Point. Unpublished manuscript.
62. McGrew K. S., (2009). CHC theory and the Human Cognitive Abilities Project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research. Intelligence, 37 (1), 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2008.08.004
63. Mischel W., (2009). From personality and assessment (1968) to personality science, 2009. Journal of Research in Personality, 43 (2), 282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.037
64. Nathanson L., Rivers S. E., Flynn L. M., Brackett M. A., (2016). Creating emotionally intelligent schools with RULER. Emotion Review, 8 (4): 305-310.
65. Newell A., Shaw J. C., Simon H. A., (1958). Elements of a theory of human problem solving. Psychological Review, 65 (3), 151-166. doi: 10.1037/h0048495
66. Newell A., Simon H. A., (1972). Human problem solving. Oxford, UK: Prentice-Hall.
67. Palmer B. R., Gignac G., Manocha R., Stough C., (2005). A psychometric evaluation of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test Version 2.0. Intelligence, 33 (3), 285-305. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2004.11.003
68. Paulhus D. L., Lysy D. C., Yik M. S. M., (1998). Self-report measures of intelligence: Are they useful as proxy IQ tests? Journal of Personality, 66 (4), 525-554. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00023
69. Rivers S. E., Brackett M. A., Reyes M. R., Elbertson N. A., Salovey P., (2013). Improving the social and emotional climate of classrooms: A clustered randomized controlled trial testing the RULER approach. Prevention Science, 14 (1), 77-87. doi: 10.1007/s11121-012-0305-2
70. Roberts R. D., Schulze R., O'Brien K., MacCann C., Reid J., Maul A., (2006). Exploring the validity of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) with established emotions measures. Emotion, 6 (4), 663-669. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.663
71. Rolfhus E. L., Ackerman P. L., (1999). Assessing individual differences in knowledge: Knowledge, intelligence, and related traits. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91 (3), 511-526. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.511
72. Romney D. M., Pyryt M. C., (1999). Guilford's concept of social intelligence revisited. High Ability Studies, 10 (2), 137-142. doi: 10.1080/1359813990100202
73. Rossen E., Kranzler J. H., (2009). Incremental validity of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test Version 2.0 (MSCEIT) after controlling for personality and intelligence. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 60-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.002
74. Rossen E., Kranzler J. H., Algina J., (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test V 2.0 (MSCEIT). Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1258-1269. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.020
75. Salovey P., Mayer J. D., (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9 (3), 185-211.
76. Schneider W. J., Newman D. A., (2015). Intelligence is multidimensional: Theoretical review and implications of specific cognitive abilities. Human Resource Management Review, 25 (1), 12-27.
77. Sheldon K. M., Cheng C., Hilpert J., (2011). Understanding well-being and optimal functioning: Applying the multilevel personality in context (MPIC) model. Psychological Inquiry, 22, 1-16.
78. Sternberg R. J., (2004). Why smart people can be so foolish. European Psychologist, 9 (3), 145-150. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.9.3.145
79. Trentacosta C. J., Izard C. E., Mostow A. J., Fine S. E., (2006). Children's emotional competence and attentional competence in early elementary school. School Psychology Quarterly, 21 (2), 148-170. doi: 10.1521/scpq.2006.21.2.148
80. Wai J., Lubinski D., Benbow C. P., (2009). Spatial ability for STEM domains: Aligning over 50 years of cumulative psychological knowledge solidifies its importance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 817-835.
81. Weis S., Süß H., (2007). Reviving the search for social intelligence-A multitrait-multimethod study of its structure and construct validity. Personality and Individual Differences, 42 (1), 3-14. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.027
82. Wong C. T., Day J. D., Maxwell S. E., Meara N. M., (1995). A multitrait-multimethod study of academic and social intelligence in college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87 (1), 117-133. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.87.1.117
83. Wyer R. S. Jr., Srull T. K., (Eds.). (1989). Social intelligence and cognitive assessments of personality. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.