Commentary

Medical Care Research and Review

Volumn 60, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 496-508

  Williams, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84990348072     PISSN: 10775587     EISSN: 15526801     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1077558703258297     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Aday, L. A., and R. Andersen. 1974. A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health Services Research 9 (3): 208-220.
2. Andersen, R., and J. F. Newman. 1973. Societal and individual determinants of medical care utilization in the United States. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly Health and Society 51 (1): 95-124.
3. Andersen, R. M., A. McCutcheon, et al. 1983. Exploring dimensions of access to medical care. Health Services Research 18 (1): 49-74.
4. Ayanian, J. Z., P. D. Cleary, J. S. Weissman, and A. M. Epstein. 1999. The effect of patients’ preferences on racial differences in access to renal transplantation [See comments]. New England Journal of Medicine 341 (22): 1661-1699.
5. Balsa, A. I., and T. G. McGuire. 2001. Statistical discrimination in health care. Journal of Health Economics 20 (6): 881-907.
6. Balsa, A. I., and T. G. McGuire. 2003. Prejudice, clinical uncertainty and stereotyping as sources of health disparities. Journal of Health Economics 22 (1): 89-116.
7. Bargh, J. A., and M. J. Ferguson. 2000. Beyond behaviorism: On the automaticity of higher mental processes. Psychological Bulletin 126 (6): 925-945.
8. Bargh, J. A., P. M. Gollwitzer, A. Lee-Chai, K. Barndollar, and R. Trotschel. 2001. The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (6): 1014-1027.
9. Bargh, J. A., W.J. Lombardi, and E. T. Higgins. 1988. Automaticity of chronically accessible constructs in Person · Situation effects on person perception: Its just a matter of time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 (4): 599-605.
10. Bell, P. D., and S. Hudson. 2001. Equity in the diagnosis of chest pain: Race and gender. American Journal of Health Behavior 25 (1): 60-71.
11. Bensing, J. 2000. Bridging the gap: The separate worlds of evidence-based medicine and patient-centered medicine. Patient Education and Counseling 39 (1): 17-25.
12. Bonham, V. L. 2001. Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: Striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment. Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics 29 (1): 52-68.
13. Bradley, C. P. 1992. Factors which influence the decision whether or not to prescribe:The dilemma facing general practitioners. British Journal of General Practice 42 (364): 454-458.
14. Chin, M. H., and C. A. Humikowski. 2002. When is risk stratification by race or ethnicity justified in medical care? Academic Medicine 77 (3): 202-208.
15. Christakis, N. A., and D. A. Asch. 1993. Biases in how physicians choose to withdraw life support. Lancet 342 (8872): 642-646.
16. Cleeland, C. S., R. Gonin, L. Baez, P. Loehrer, and K. J. Pandya. 1997. Pain and treatment of pain in minority patients with cancer: The Eastern Cooperative on cology Group Minority Outpatient Pain Study. Annals of Internal Medicine 127 (9): 813-816.
17. Conigliaro, J., J. Whittle, C. B. Good, M. Skanderson, M. Kelley, and K. Goldberg. 2002. Delay in presentation for cardiac care by race, age, and site of care. Medical Care 40 (Supplement 1): 97-105.
18. Cooper, L. A., J. J. Gonzales, J. J. Gallo, K. M. Rost, L. S. Meredith, L. V. Rubenstein, N. Y. Wang, and D. E. Ford. 2003. The acceptability of treatment for depression among African-American, Hispanic, and white primary care patients. Medical Care 41 (4): 479-489.
19. Cooper-Patrick, L., J. J. Gallo, J. J. Gonzales, H. T. Vu, N. R. Powe, C. Nelson, and D. E. Ford. 1999. Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. Journal of the American Medical Association 282 (6): 583-589.
20. Curtis, J. R., D. L. Patrick, E. Caldwell, H. Greenlee, and A. C. Collier. 1999. The quality of patient-doctor communication about end-of-life care: A study of patients with advanced AIDS and their primary care clinicians. AIDS 13 (9): 1123-1131.
21. Darley, I. M., and R. H. Gross. 1983. A hypothesis confirming bias in labeling effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44: 20-33.
22. Darley, I. M., and R. H. Gross. 2000. A hypothesis confirming bias in labeling effects. In Sterotypes and prejudice, edited by C. Stangor. Ann Arbor, MI: Taylor and Francis, Psychology Press.
23. Donabedian, A. 1966. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 44 (3 Supplement): 166-206.
24. Donabedian, A. 1988. The quality of care. How can it be assessed? Journal of the American Medical Association 260 (12): 1743-1748.
25. Dovidio, J. F., S. L. Gaertner, K. Kawakami, and G. Hodson. 2002. Why can’t we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 8 (2): 88-102.
26. Dovidio, J. F., K. Kawakami, and S. L. Gaertner. 2002. Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (1): 62-68.
27. Einbinder, L. C., and K. A. Schulman. 2000. The effect of race on the referral process for invasive cardiac procedures. Medical Care Research and Review 57 (Supplement 1)(12): 162-180.
28. Eisenberg, J. M. 1979. Sociologic influences on decision-making by clinicians. Annals of Internal Medicine 90 (6): 957-964.
29. Epstein, A., and J. Ayanian. 2001. Racial disparities in medical care. New England Journal of Medicine 344 (19): 1471-1473.
30. Epstein, A. M., W.C. Taylor, and G. R. Seage III. 1985. Effects of patients’ socioeconomic status and physicians’ training and practice on patient-doctor communication. American Journal of Medicine 78 (1): 101-106.
31. Etchason, J., B. Armour, E. Ofili, G. Rust, R. Mayberry, L. Sanders, and M. M. Pitts. 2001. Racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Journal of the American Medical Association 285 (7): 883.
32. Feldman, H. A., J. B. McKinlay, D. A. Potter, K. M. Freund, R. B. Burns, M. A. Moskowitz, and L. E. Kasten. 1997. Nonmedical influences on medical decision making: An experimental technique using videotapes, factorial design, and survey sampling. Health Services Research 32 (3): 343-366.
33. Fiscella, K., P. Franks, M. R. Gold, and C. M. Clancy. 2000. Inequality in quality:Addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care. Journal of the American Medical Association 283 (19): 2579-2584.
34. Geiger, H. J. 1996. Race and health care: An American dilemma? New England Journal of Medicine 335 (11): 815-816.
35. Gerbert, B. 1984. Perceived likeability and competence of simulated patients: Influence on physicians’ management plans. Social Science and Medicine 18 (12): 1053-1059.
36. Graber, M. A., G. Bergus, J. D. Dawson, G. B. Wood, B. T. Levy, and I. Levin. 2000. Effect of a patient’s psychiatric history on physician’s estimation of probability of disease. Journal of General Internal Medicine 15 (3): 204-206.
37. Hall, J. A., A. M. Epstein, M. L. DeCiantis, and B. J. McNeil. 1993. Physicians’ liking for their patients: More evidence for the role of affect in medical care. Health Psychology 12 (2): 140-146.
38. Halm, E. A., S. J. Atlas, L. H. Borowsky, T. I. Benzer, J. P. Metlay, Y. C. Chang, and D. E. Singer. 2000. Understanding physician adherence with a pneumonia practice guideline: Effects of patient, system, and physician factors. Archives of Internal Medicine 160 (1): 98-104.
39. Hannan, E. L., M. van Ryn, J. Burke, D. Stone, D. Kumar, D. Arani, W.Pierce, S. Rafii, T. A. Sanborn, S. Sharma, et al. 1999. Access to coronary artery bypass surgery by race/ ethnicity and gender among patients who are appropriate for surgery. Medical Care 37 (1): 68-77.
40. Hooper, E. M., L. M. Comstock, J. M. Goodwin, and J. S. Goodwin. 1982. Patient characteristics that influence physician behavior. Medical Care 20 (6): 630-638.
41. Hostetler, M. A., P. Auinger, and P. G. Szilagyi. 2002. Parenteral analgesic and sedative use among ED patients in the United States: Combined results from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (Nhamcs) 1992-1997. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 20 (2): 83-87.
42. Institute of Medicine. 2001. Crossing the quality chasm:A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
43. Jussim, L. 1986. Self-fulfilling prophecies: Atheoretical and integrative review. Psychological Reviews 93.
44. Kaplan, S. H., B. Gandek, S. Greenfield, W.Rogers, and J. E. Ware 1995. Patient and visit characteristics related to physicians’ participatory decision-making style: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Medical Care 33 (12): 1176-1187.
45. Kearney, N., M. Miller, J. Paul, and K. Smith. 2000. on cology healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward elderly people. Annals of on cology 11 (5): 599-601.
46. Kearney, P. M., and T. Griffin. 2001. Between joy and sorrow: Being a parent of a child with developmental disability. Journal of Advanced Nursing 34 (5): 582-592.
47. Kelly, J. A., J. S. St. Lawrence, S. Smith, Jr., H. V. Hood, and D. J. Cook. 1987a. Medical students’ attitudes toward AIDS and homosexual patients. Journal of Medical Education 62 (7): 549-556.
48. Kelly, J. A., J. S. St. Lawrence, S. Smith, Jr., H. V. Hood, and D. J. Cook. 1987b. Stigmatization of AIDS patients by physicians. American Journal of Public Health 77 (7): 789-791.
49. Kressin, N. R., J. A. Clark, J. Whittle, M. East, E. D. Peterson, B. H. Chang, A. K. Rosen, X. S. Ren, L. G. Alley, L. Kroupa, et al. 2002. Racial differences in health-related beliefs, attitudes, and experiences of VA cardiac patients: Scale development and application. Medical Care 40 (Supplement 1): I72-I85.
50. Kressin, N. R., and L. A. Petersen. 2001. Racial differences in the use of invasive cardiovascular procedures: Review of the literature and prescription for future research. Annals of Internal Medicine 135 (5): 352-366.
51. Krupat, E., J. T. Irish, L. E. Kasten, K. M. Freund, R. B. Burns, M. A. Moskowitz, and J. B.McKinlay. 1999. Patient assertiveness and physician decision-making among older breast cancer patients. Social Science & Medicine 49 (4): 449-457.
52. Kunda, Z. 1999. Social cognition: Making sense of people Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
53. Kunda, Z., and B. Sherman-Williams. 1993. Stereotypes and the construal of individuating information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19: 90-99.
54. Lenna Harry, R. Clinician cognitive processing: Selective decoding of client information.
55. Lepore, L., and R. Brown. 1997. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72: 275-287.
56. Lewis, D. O., D. A. Balla, and S. S. Shanok. 1979. Some evidence of race bias in the diagnosis and treatment of the juvenile offender. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 49 (1): 53-61.
57. Lockey, A. S., and R. D. Hardern. 2001. Decision making by emergency physicians when assessing cardiac arrest patients on arrival at hospital. Resuscitation 50 (1): 51-56.
58. Locksley, A., C. Hepburn, and V. Ortiz. 1982. Social stereotypes and judgements of individuals: An instance of the base-rate fallacy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 18: 23-42.
59. Macrae, C. N., and G. V. Bodenhausen. 2000. Social cognition: Thinking categorically about others. Annual Review of Psychology 51: 93-120.
60. Macrae, C. N., and G. V. Bodenhausen. 2001. Social cognition: Categorical person perception. British Journal of Psychology 92 (Pt 1): 239-255.
61. Macrae, C. N., A. B. Milne, and G. V. Bodenhausen. 1994. Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: Apeek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66: 33-47.
62. Maynard, C., L. D. Fisher, E. R. Passamani, and T. Pullum. 1986. Blacks in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (Cass): Race and clinical decision making. American Journal of Public Health 76 (12): 1446-1448.
63. McKinlay, J. B., R. B. Burns, R. Durante, H. A. Feldman, K. M. Freund, B. S. Harrow, J. T. Irish, L. E. Kasten, and M. A. Moskowitz. 1997. Patient, physician and presentational influences on clinical decision making for breast cancer: Results from a factorial experiment. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 3 (1): 23-57.
64. McKinlay, J. B., R. B. Burns, H. A. Feldman, K. M. Freund, J. T. Irish, L. E. Kasten, M. A. Moskowitz, D. A. Potter, and K. Woodman. 1998. Physician variability and uncertainty in the managementof breast cancer: Results froma factorial experiment. Medical Care 36 (3): 385-396.
65. McKinlay, J. B., D. A. Potter, and H. A. Feldman. 1996. Non-medical influences on medical decision-making. Social Science & Medicine 42 (5): 769-776.
66. Naumburg, E. H., P. Franks, B. Bell, M. Gold, and J. Engerman. 1993. Racial differentials in the identification of hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Family Practice 36 (4): 425-430.
67. Ortega, A. N., P. J. Gergen, A. D. Paltiel, H. Bauchner, K. D. Belanger, and B. P. Leaderer. 2002. Impact of site of care, race, and Hispanic ethnicity on medication use for childhood asthma. Pediatrics 109 (1): E1-E1.
68. Petersen, L. A., S. M. Wright, E. D. Peterson, and J. Daley. 2002. Impact of race on cardiac care and outcomes in veterans with acute myocardial infarction. Medical Care 40 (Supplement 1): I86-I96.
69. Revenson, T. A. 1989. Compassionate stereotyping of elderly patients by physicians: Revising the social contact hypothesis. Psychology of Aging 4 (2): 230-234.
70. Ross, M., and C. Glisson 1991. Bias in social work intervention with battered women. Journal of Social Service Research 14: 79-105.
71. Roter, D. L., M. Stewart, S. M. Putnam, M. Lipkin, Jr., W.Stiles, and T. S. Inui. 1997. Communication patterns of primary care physicians. Journal of the American Medical Association 277 (4): 350-356.
72. Sagar, H., and J. Schofield. 1980. Racial and behavioral cues in black and white children’s perceptions of ambiguously aggressive acts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39: 590-598.
73. Sambamoorthi, U., J. Walkup, E. McSpiritt, L. Warner, N. Castle, and S. Crystal. 2000. Racial differences in end-of-life care for patients with AIDS. AIDS & Public Policy Journal 15 (3-4): 136-148.
74. Shortt, S. 2001. Venerable or vulnerable? Ageism in health care. Journal of Health Services Research Policy 6 (1): 1-2.
75. Shye, D., D. K. Freeborn, J. Romeo, and S. Eraker. 1998. Understanding physicians’ imaging test use in low back pain care: The role of focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 10 (2): 83-91.
76. Singer, A. J., and H. C. Thode, Jr. 2002. National analgesia prescribing patterns in emergency department patients with burns. Journal of Burn Care Rehabilitation 23 (6): 361-365.
77. Smedley, B. D., A. Y. Stith, and A. R. Nelson, eds. 2002. Unequal treatment:Confr on ting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
78. Sollner, W., A. DeVries, E. Steixner, P. Lukas, G. Sprinzl, G. Rumpold, and S. Maislinger. 2001. How successful are on cologists in identifying patient distress, perceived social support, and need for psychosocial counselling? British Journal of Cancer 84 (2): 179-185.
79. Stern, M., and E. Arenson. 1989. Childhood cancer stereotype: Impact on adult perceptions of children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 14 (4): 593-605.
80. Stern, M., S. K. Moritzen, S. Carmel, and M. Olexa-Andrews. 2001. The prematurity stereotype in Israeli health care providers. Medical Education 35 (2): 129-133.
81. Stern, M., S. Ross, and M. Bielass. 1991. Medical students’ perceptions of children: Modifying a childhood cancer stereotype. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 16 (1): 27-38.
82. Strakowski, S. M., H. S. Lonczak, K. W. Sax, S. A. West, A. Crist, R. Mehta, and O. J. Thienhaus. 1995. The effects of race on diagnosis and disposition from a psychiatric emergency service. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 56 (3): 101-107.
83. Tobin, J. N., S. Wasserheil-Smoller, J. P. Wexler, R. M. Steingart, N. Budner, L. Lense, and J. Wachspress. 1987. Sex bias in considering coronary bypass surgery. Annals of Internal Medicine 107: 19-25.
84. Todd, K. H., C. Deaton, A. P. DAdamo, and L. Goe. 2000. Ethnicity and analgesic practice. Annals of Emergency Medicine 35 (1): 11-16.
85. Todd, K. H., N. Samaroo, and J. R. Hoffman. 1993. Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia. Journal of the American Medical Association 269 (12): 1537-1539.
86. Valenstein, M., H. Kales, A. Mellow, G. Dalack, S. Figueroa, K. Lawton Barry, and F. C. Blow. 1998. Psychiatric diagnosis and intervention in older and younger patients in a primary care clinic: Effect of a screening and diagnostic instrument. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 46 (12): 1499-1505.
87. van Ryn, M., and J. Burke. 2000. The effect of patient race and socio-economic status on physicians’ perceptions of patients. Social Science & Medicine 50 (6): 813-828.
88. van Ryn, M., and S. S. Fu. 2003. Paved with good intentions: Do public health and human service providers contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in health? American Journal of Public Health 93 (2): 248-255.
89. Whittle, J., J. Conigliaro, C. B. Good, and M. Joswiak. 1997. Do patient preferences contribute to racial differences in cardiovascular procedure use? Journal of General Internal Medicine 12 (5): 267-273.
90. Word, C., M. Zanna, and J. Cooper. 1974. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophesies in interracial interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 10: 109-120.