Prejudice, clinical uncertainty and stereotyping as sources of health disparities

Journal of Health Economics

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 89-116

  Balsa, Ana I ^a   McGuire, Thomas G ^b  

^a Boston University   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Health disparities; Prejudice; Stereotype

Indexed keywords

HEALTH STATUS;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; HEALTH; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; MINORITY GROUP; RACE DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STEREOTYPY; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

BENCHMARKING; COMMUNICATION BARRIERS; EFFICIENCY; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; MINORITY GROUPS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; PREJUDICE; SOCIAL JUSTICE; STEREOTYPING; UNCERTAINTY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0037212855     PISSN: 01676296     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00098-X     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Abreu J.M. Conscious and nonconscious African American stereotypes: impact on first impression and diagnostic ratings by therapists. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 67(3):1999;387-393.
2. Akerlof G., Kranton R. Economics and identity. Quarterly Journal of Economics, CVX. 3:2000;715-753.
3. Arrow K. Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. American Economic Review. 53:1963;941-973.
4. Arrow, K., 1973. The theory of discrimination. In: Ashenfelter, O.A., Rees, A. (Eds.), Discrimination in Labor Markets. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 3-33.
5. Arrow K. What has economics to say about racial discrimination? Journal of Economic Perspectives. 12(2):1998;91-100.
6. Ashmore, R.D., Del Boca, F.K., 1981. Conceptual approaches to stereotypes and stereotyping. In: Hamilton, D.L. (Ed.), Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 1-35.
7. Ayanian J.Z., Cleary P.D., Weissman J.S., Epstein A.M. The effect of patient preferences on racial differences in access to renal transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine. 341:1999;1198-1205.
8. Balsa A., McGuire T. Statistical discrimination in health care. Journal of Health Economics. 20(6):2001;882-907.
9. Balsa, A., McGuire, T., 2002. Testing for Statistical Discrimination: An Application to Health Care Disparities. Unpublished manuscript.
10. Becker, G., 1971. The Economics of Discrimination, 2nd Ed. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
11. Benabou R. Equity and efficiency in human capital investment: the local connection. Review of Economic Studies. 63:1996;237-264.
12. Benson V., Marano M.A. Current estimates from the national health interview survey, 1995. Vital and Health Statistics. 10(1999):1998;1-428.
13. Bloche M.G. Race and discretion in American medicine. Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law and Ethics. I(Spring):2001;95-131.
14. Bonham V.M. Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics. 29(1):2001;52-68.
15. Borjas G. Ethnicity, neighborhoods and human-capital externalities. American Economic Review. 85(3):1995;365-390.
16. Brach C., Fraser I. Can cultural competency reduce racial and ethnic health disparities? A review and conceptual model. Medical Care Research and Review. 57(1):2000;181-217.
17. Bursztajn, H.J., 1990. Medical Choices, Medical Changes. Routledge, New York.
18. Caudle, P., 1993. Providing culturally sensitive health care to Hispanic clients. Nurse Practitioner 18 (12), 40, 43-46, 50-51 (review).
19. Chen J., Rathore S., Radford M. Racial differences in the use of cardiac catheterization after acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 344:2001;1443-1449.
20. Cho M.J., Moscicki E.K., Narrow W.E., Rae D.S., Locke B.Z., Regier D.A. Concordance between two measures of depression in the Hispanic health and nutrition examination survey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 28:1993;156-163.
21. Chun, C., Enomoto, K., Sue, S., 1996. Health-care issues among Asian Americans: implications of somatization. In: Kata, P.M., Mann, T. (Eds.), Handbook of Diversity Issues in Health Psychology. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 347-366.
22. Coate S., Loury G. Will affirmative-action policies eliminate negative stereotypes? American Economic Review. 83(5):1993a;1220-1240.
23. Coate S., Loury G. Antidiscrimination enforcement and the problem of patronization. American Economic Review. 83(2):1993b;92-98.
24. Cooper, L.A., Roter, D.L., 2001. Patient-Provider Communication: The Effect of Race and Ethnicity on Process and Outcomes of Health Care. Johns Hopkins University, unpublished data.
25. Cooper-Patrick L., Gallo J., Gonzales J. Race, gender and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. Journal of the American Medical Association. 282:1999;583-589.
26. Davis, J.A., Smith, T.W., 1990. General Social Surveys, 1972-1990. Opinion Research Center, Chicago.
27. Dovidio, J.F., 1999. Stereotyping. In: Wilson, R.A., Keil, F.C. (Eds.), The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
28. Eisenberg, J.M., 1986. Doctor's Decisions and the Cost of Medical Care. Health Administration Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
29. Epstein, R., 1992. Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
30. Exner D.V., Dries D.L., Domanski M.J., Cohn J.N. Lesser response to angiotensive-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with black patients with left ventricular disfunction. New England Journal of Medicine. 344:2001;1351-1357.
31. Fiscella K., Franks P.L., Gold M.R., Clancey C.M. Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care. Journal of the American Medical Association. 283(19):2000;2579-2584.
32. Finucane T.E., Carrese J.A. Racial bias in presentation of cases. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 5:1990;120-121.
33. Fiske, S., 1998. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In: Gilbert, D.T., Fiske S.T., Lindzey, G. (Eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology, 4th ed., vol. 2. Guilford Press, New York, pp. 357-411.
34. Goff D.C. Jr., Sellers D.E., McGovern P.G., Meischke H., Goldberg R.J., Bittner V., Hedges J.R., Allender P.S., Nichaman M.Z. Knowledge of heart attack symptoms in a population survey in the United States: the REACT trial. Rapid early action for coronary treatment. Archives of Internal Medicine. 158(21):1998;2329-2338.
35. Heckman T.G., Somlai A.M., Peters J. Barriers to care among persons living with HIV/AIDS in urban and rural areas. AIDS Care. 10:1998;365-375.
36. Hellerstein J.K., Neumark D., Troske K.R. Market forces and sex discrimination. The Journal of Human Resources. 37(2):2002;353-380.
37. Heurtin-Roberts S., Snowden L., Miller L. Expressions of anxiety in African Americans: ethnography and the epidemiological catchment area studies. Cultural Medical Psychiatry. 21:1997;337-363.
38. Hilton J.L., von Hipple W. Stereotypes. Annual Review of Psychology. 47(250):1996;237-271.
39. Institute of Medicine, 2002. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
40. Komaromi M., Grumback K., Drake M., Vranizan K., Lurie N., Keane D., Bindman A.B. The role of black and Hispanic physicians in providing health care for underserved populations. New England Journal of Medicine. 334:1996;1305-1310.
41. Lin, K.M., Cheung, F., Smith, M., Poland, R.E., 1997. The use of psychotropic medications in working with Asian patients. In: Lee, E. (Ed.), Working with Asian Americans: A guide for clinicians. Guilford, New York, pp. 388-399.
42. Loury, G., 2001. The Anatomy of Racial Inequality. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA/London, England.
43. Lundberg S., Startz R. Private discrimination and social intervention in competitive labor markets. American Economic Review. 73(3):1983;340-347.
44. Lundberg S. The enforcement of equal opportunity laws under imperfect information. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 106(1):1991;309-326.
45. Lundberg S., Startz R. On the persistence of racial inequality. Journal of Labor Economics. 16(2):1998;292-323.
46. Lundberg, S., Startz, R., 2002. Race, Information and Segregation. University of Washington, unpublished manuscript.
47. Malgady R.G., Costantino G. Symptom severity in bilingual Hispanics as a function of clinician ethnicity and language of interview. Psychological Assessment. 10:1998;120-127.
48. Marcos L.R., Alpert M., Urcuyo L., Kesselman M. The effect of interview language on the evaluation of psychopathology in Spanish American Schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 130(5):1973;549-553.
49. Monheit A.C., Vistnes J. Health insurance coverage and access to care. Medical Care Research and Review. 57(1):2000;11-35.
50. Moro, A., 2001. The effects of statistical discrimination on black-white wage inequality: estimating a model with multiple equilibria. Unpublished data.
51. Perez, T.P., 2002. The Civil Rights Dimension of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Status. Commissioned paper published as part of the IOM (2002) report.
52. Pettigrew T.F., Meertens R.W. Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology. 25:1995;57-75.
53. Phelps E. The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism. American Economic Review. 62:1972;659-661.
54. Phelps, C., 2000. Information diffusion and best practice adoption. In: Newhouse, J., Culyer, A. (Eds.), Handbook of Health Economics, vol. 1. North Holland, Amsterdam.
55. Rathore S., Lenert L.A., Weinfurt K.P. The effects of patient sex and race on medical student ratings of quality of life. American Journal of Medicine. 108:2000;561-566.
56. Robins, L., Regier, D.A., 1991. Psychiatric Disorders in American: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. The Free Press, New York.
57. Rosenbaum S., Markus A., Darnell J. US civil rights policy and access to health care by minority Americans: implications for a changing health care system. Medical Care Research and Review. 57(1):2000;236-259.
58. Rosenbaum, S., 2002. Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare: issues in the design, structure and administration of federal healthcare financing programs supported through direct public funding. Commissioned paper published as part of the IOM (2002) report.
59. Saha S., Komaromy M., Koepsell T.D., Bindman A.B. Patient-physician concordance and the perceived quality and use of health care. Archives of Internal Medicine. 159:1999;991-1004.
60. Schulman K.A., Berlin J.A., Harless W.et al. The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization. The New England Journal of Medicine. 340:1999;618-626.
61. Schwartz R.S. Racial profiling in medical research. The New England Journal of Medicine. 344(18):2001;1392-1393.
62. Stinson M.H., Thurston N.K. Racial matching among African-American and Hispanic Physicians and Patients. Journal of Human Resources. 37(2):2002;410-428.
63. Sue S., Fujino D.C., Li-tze H., Takeuchi D.T. Community mental health services for ethnic minority groups: a test of the cultural responsiveness hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 59(4):1991;533-540.
64. Tai-Seale M., Freund D., LoSasso A. Racial disparities in service use among medicaid beneficiaries after mandatory enrollment in managed care: a difference in differences approach. Inquiry. 38(1):2001;49-59.
65. Takeuchi D.T., Sue S., Yeh M. Return rates and outcomes from ethnicity-specific mental health programs in Los Angeles. American Journal of Public Health. 85(5):1995;638-643.
66. Tseng W. The nature of somatic complaints among psychiatric patients: the Chinese case. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 16:1975;237-245.
67. van Ryn M., Burke J. The effect of patient race and socio-economic status on physicians' perceptions of patients. Social Science and Medicine. 50:2000;813-828.
68. Vega W., Rumbaut R. Ethnic minorities and mental health. Annual Review of Sociology. 17:1991;351-383.
69. Weisse C.S., Sorum P.C., Sanders K.N., Syat B.L. Do gender and race affect decisions about pain management? Journal of General Internal Medicine. 16:2001;211-217.
70. Williams D.R., Rucker T.D. Understanding and addressing racial disparities in health care. Health Care Financing Review. 21(4):2000;75-90.