Association between aortic atheroma and cerebral small vessel disease in patients with ischemic stroke

Journal of Stroke

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 312-320

  Song, Tae Jin ^a,b   Kim, Young Dae ^b   Yoo, Joonsang ^b   Kim, Jinkwon ^b,c   Chang, Hyuk Jae ^b   Hong, Geu Ru ^b   Shim, Chi Young ^b   Song, Dongbeom ^b   Heo, Ji Hoe ^b   Nam, Hyo Suk ^b  

^a Ewha Womans University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Yonsei University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^c CHA University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Aortic atheroma; Cerebral small vessel diseases; White matter hyperintensity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AORTIC ATHEROMA; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; ARTICLE; ATHEROMA; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; FEMALE; HUMAN; LACUNAR STROKE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERIVASCULAR SPACE; PULSE WAVE; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITY; WHITE MATTER LESION;

EID: 84990050457     PISSN: 22876391     EISSN: 22876405     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5853/jos.2016.00171     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Amarenco P, Cohen A, Tzourio C, Bertrand B, Hommel M, Besson G, et al. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch and the risk of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1474-1479.
2. Ferrari E, Vidal R, Chevallier T, Baudouy M. Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic debris as a marker of poor prognosis: benefit of oral anticoagulants. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33:1317-1322.
3. Amarenco P, Duyckaerts C, Tzourio C, Hénin D, Bousser MG, Hauw JJ. The prevalence of ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch in patients with stroke. N Engl J AMed 1992;326:221-225.
4. Nam HS, Han SW, Lee JY, Ahn SH, Ha JW, Rim SJ, et al. Association of aortic plaque with intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with stroke. Neurology 2006;67:1184-1188.
5. Choi HY, Yang JH, Cho HJ, Kim YD, Nam HS, Heo JH. Systemic atherosclerosis in patients with perforating artery territorial infarction. Eur J Neurol 2010;17:788-793.
6. Tsai CF, Thomas B, Sudlow CL. Epidemiology of stroke and its subtypes in Chinese vs white populations: a systematic review. Neurology 2013;81:264-272.
7. Qureshi AI, Mendelow AD, Hanley DF. Intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet 2009;373:1632-1644.
8. Kim BJ, Lee SH. Prognostic impact of cerebral small vessel disease on stroke outcome. J Stroke 2015;17:101-110.
9. Chuang ML, Gona P, Oyama-Manabe N, Manders ES, Salton CJ, Hoffmann U, et al. Risk factor differences in calcified and noncalcified aortic plaque: the Framingham Heart Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014;34:1580-1586.
10. Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:689-701.
11. O’Rourke MF, Safar ME. Relationship between aortic stiffening and microvascular disease in brain and kidney: cause and logic of therapy. Hypertension 2005;46:200-204.
12. Kong Q, Ma X. Contributing mechanisms of aortic atheroma in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015;24:2653-2659.
13. Kandiah N, Goh O, Mak E, Marmin M, Ng A. Carotid stenosis: a risk factor for cerebral white-matter disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014;23:136-139.
14. Kazui S, Levi CR, Jones EF, Quang L, Calafiore P, Donnan GA. Risk factors for lacunar stroke: a case-control transesophageal echocardiographic study. Neurology 2000;54:1385-1387.
15. Lee BI, Nam HS, Heo JH, Kim DI; Yonsei Stroke Team. Yonsei Stroke Registry. Analysis of 1,000 patients with acute cerebral infarctions. Cerebrovasc Dis 2001;12:145-151.
16. Nam HS, Kim HC, Kim YD, Lee HS, Kim J, Lee DH, et al. Longterm mortality in patients with stroke of undetermined etiology. Stroke 2012;43:2948-2956.
17. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993;24:35-41.
18. Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee JH, Jung S, Ko IS, Shin JH, et al. Validity and reliability of a Korean version of the national institutes of health stroke scale. J Clin Neurol 2012;8:177-183.
19. Cho HJ, Choi HY, Kim YD, Nam HS, Han SW, Ha JW, et al. Transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with acute stroke with sinus rhythm and no cardiac disease history. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:412-415.
20. Demopoulos LA, Tunick PA, Bernstein NE, Perez JL, Kronzon I. Protruding atheromas of the aortic arch in symptomatic patients with carotid artery disease. Am Heart J 1995;129:40-44.
21. Song TJ, Chang Y, Shin MJ, Heo JH, Kim YJ. Low levels of plasma omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with cerebral small vessel diseases in acute ischemic stroke patients. Nutr Res 2015;35:368-374.
22. Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, Cordonnier C, Fazekas F, Frayne R, et al. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol 2013;12:822-838.
23. Greenberg SM. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: prospects for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Neurology 1998;51:690-694.
24. Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, Hurtig HI, Zimmerman RA. MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer’s dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149:351-356.
25. Doubal FN, MacLullich AM, Ferguson KJ, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease. Stroke 2010;41:450-454.
26. Song TJ, Kim J, Song D, Nam HS, Kim YD, Lee HS, et al. Association of cerebral microbleeds with mortality in stroke patients having atrial fibrillation. Neurology 2014;83:1308-1315.
27. Staals J, Makin SD, Doubal FN, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, and total MRI brain small-vessel disease burden. Neurology 2014;83:1228-1234.
28. Song TJ, Kim J, Kim YD, Nam HS, Lee HS, Nam CM, et al. The distribution of cerebral microbleeds determines their association with arterial stiffness in non-cardioembolic acute stroke patients. Eur J Neurol 2014;21:463-469.
29. Chatzikonstantinou A, Krissak R, Schaefer A, Schoenberg SO, Fink C, Hennerici MG. Coexisting large and small vessel disease in patients with ischemic stroke of undetermined cause. Eur Neurol 2012;68:162-165.
30. Caplan LR. Lacunar infarction and small vessel disease: pathology and pathophysiology. J Stroke 2015;17:2-6.
31. Szmigielski C, Styczyński G, Sobczyńska M, Milewska A, Placha G, Kuch-Wocial A. Pulse wave velocity correlates with aortic atherosclerosis assessed with transesophageal echocardiography. J Hum Hypertens 2016;30:90-94.
32. Nakano T, Munakata A, Shimaura N, Asano K, Ohkuma H. Augmentation index is related to white matter lesions. Hypertens Res 2012;35:729-732.
33. Greenberg SM, Vernooij MW, Cordonnier C, Viswanathan A, Al-Shahi Salman R, Warach S, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol 2009;8: 165-174.
34. Aboyans V, Lacroix P, Criqui MH. Large and small vessels atherosclerosis: similarities and differences. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2007;50:112-125.
35. Elkind MS, Sciacca R, Boden-Albala B, Homma S, Di Tullio MR. Leukocyte count is associated with aortic arch plaque thickness. Stroke 2002;33:2587-2592.
36. Umemura T, Kawamura T, Umegaki H, Mashita S, Kanai A, Sakakibara T, et al. Endothelial and inflammatory markers in relation to progression of ischaemic cerebral small-vessel disease and cognitive impairment: a 6-year longitudinal study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011;82:1186-1194.
37. Rundek T, Di Tullio MR, Sciacca RR, Titova IV, Mohr JP, Homma S, et al. Association between large aortic arch atheromas and high-intensity transient signals in elderly stroke patients. Stroke 1999;30:2683-2686.
38. Altaf N, Daniels L, Morgan PS, Lowe J, Gladman J, MacSweeney ST, et al. Cerebral white matter hyperintense lesions are associated with unstable carotid plaques. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;31:8-13.
39. Vernooij MW, van der Lugt A, Ikram MA, Wielopolski PA, Niessen WJ, Hofman A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Neurology 2008; 70:1208-1214.
40. Patankar TF, Mitra D, Varma A, Snowden J, Neary D, Jackson A. Dilatation of the Virchow-Robin space is a sensitive indicator of cerebral microvascular disease: study in elderly patients with dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:1512-1520.
41. Rouhl RP, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Knottnerus IL, Staals JE, Lodder J. Virchow-Robin spaces relate to cerebral small vessel disease severity. J Neurol 2008;255:692-696.
42. Starr JM, Wardlaw J, Ferguson K, MacLullich A, Deary IJ, Marshall I. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in type II diabetes demonstrated by gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:70-76.
43. Wuerfel J, Haertle M, Waiczies H, Tysiak E, Bechmann I, Wernecke KD, et al. Perivascular spaces—MRI marker of inflammatory activity in the brain? Brain 2008;131:2332-2340.
44. Comess KA, DeRook FA, Beach KW, Lytle NJ, Golby AJ, Albers GW. Transesophageal echocardiography and carotid ultrasound in patients with cerebral ischemia: prevalence of findings and recurrent stroke risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:1598-1603.
45. Cho HJ, Choi HY, Kim YD, Nam HS, Han SW, Ha JW, et al. Transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with acute stroke with sinus rhythm and no cardiac disease history. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:412-415.
46. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. CCirculation 2002;106:3143-3421.
47. Song TJ, Kim J, Song D, Nam HS, Kim YD, Lee HS, et al. Association of cerebral microbleeds with mortality in stroke patients having atrial fibrillation. Neurology 2014;83:1308-1315.