메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue , 2003, Pages 253-299

Atmospheric Chemistry of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds

Author keywords

Bromine; Chlorine; Halogens; Methyl bromide; Ozone depletion

Indexed keywords


EID: 84988227725     PISSN: 1867979X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/bll446     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (9)

References (200)
  • 1
    • 0029657737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyl bromide: Ocean sources, ocean sinks, and climate sensitivity
    • Anbar AD, Yung YL, Chavez FP (1996) Methyl bromide: ocean sources, ocean sinks, and climate sensitivity. Global Biogeochem Cycles 10:175-190
    • (1996) Global Biogeochem Cycles , vol.10 , pp. 175-190
    • Anbar, A.D.1    Yung, Y.L.2    Chavez, F.P.3
  • 2
    • 0029663711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OH radical reactions: The major removal pathway for polychlorinated biphenyls from the atmosphere
    • Anderson PN, Hites RA (1996) OH radical reactions: the major removal pathway for polychlorinated biphenyls from the atmosphere. Environ Sei Technol 30:1756-1763
    • (1996) Environ Sei Technol , vol.30 , pp. 1756-1763
    • Anderson, P.N.1    Hites, R.A.2
  • 4
    • 0035693625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning
    • Andreae MO, Merlet P (2001) Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochem Cycles 15:955-966
    • (2001) Global Biogeochem Cycles , vol.15 , pp. 955-966
    • Andreae, M.O.1    Merlet, P.2
  • 5
    • 0030431144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mauno Loa Observatory photochemistry experiment: Introduction
    • Atlas EL, Ridley BA (1996) The Mauno Loa Observatory photochemistry experiment: introduction. J Geophys Res 101:14, 531-14, 541
    • (1996) J Geophys Res , vol.101 , pp. 14531-14541
    • Atlas, E.L.1    Ridley, B.A.2
  • 7
    • 0027879745 scopus 로고
    • Alkyl nitrates, nonmethane hydrocarbons and halocarbon gases over the equatorial Pacific Ocean during Saga 3
    • Atlas E, Pollock W, Greenberg J, Heidt L, Thompson AM (1993) Alkyl nitrates, nonmethane hydrocarbons and halocarbon gases over the equatorial Pacific Ocean during Saga 3. J Geophys Res 98:16, 933-16, 947
    • (1993) J Geophys Res , vol.98 , pp. 16933-16947
    • Atlas, E.1    Pollock, W.2    Greenberg, J.3    Heidt, L.4    Thompson, A.M.5
  • 9
    • 0031553323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction of atomic chlorine with methyl iodide over the temperature range 218-694 K
    • Ayhens YV, Nicovich JM, McKee ML, Wine PH (1997) Kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction of atomic chlorine with methyl iodide over the temperature range 218-694 K. J Phys Chem A 101:9382-9390
    • (1997) J Phys Chem A , vol.101 , pp. 9382-9390
    • Ayhens, Y.V.1    Nicovich, J.M.2    McKee, M.L.3    Wine, P.H.4
  • 10
    • 0032125086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the global emissions of methyl bromide from automobile exhausts
    • Baker JM, Reeves CE, Penkett SA, Cardenas LM
    • Baker JM, Reeves CE, Penkett SA, Cardenas LM (1998) An estimate of the global emissions of methyl bromide from automobile exhausts. Geophys Res Lett 25:2405-2408
    • (1998) Geophys Res Lett , vol.25 , pp. 2405-2408
  • 11
    • 0001671051 scopus 로고
    • Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992 (PSE1992): Preface
    • Barrie LA, Bottenheim JW, Hart WR (1994) Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992 (PSE 1992): preface. J Geophys Res 99:25, 313-25, 314
    • (1994) J Geophys Res , vol.99 , pp. 25313-25314
    • Barrie, L.A.1    Bottenheim, J.W.2    Hart, W.R.3
  • 12
    • 0024256390 scopus 로고
    • Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere
    • Barrie LA, Bottenheim JW, Schnell RC, Rasmussen RA (1988) Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere. Nature 334:138-141
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 138-141
    • Barrie, L.A.1    Bottenheim, J.W.2    Schnell, R.C.3    Rasmussen, R.A.4
  • 13
    • 0033167870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concurrent observation of methyl iodide and dimethyl sulphide in marine air; Implications for sources of atmospheric methyl iodide
    • Bassford MR, Nickless G, Simmonds PG, Lewis AC, Pilling MJ, Evans MJ (1999) The concurrent observation of methyl iodide and dimethyl sulphide in marine air; implications for sources of atmospheric methyl iodide. Atmos Environ 33:2373-2383
    • (1999) Atmos Environ , vol.33 , pp. 2373-2383
    • Bassford, M.R.1    Nickless, G.2    Simmonds, P.G.3    Lewis, A.C.4    Pilling, M.J.5    Evans, M.J.6
  • 14
    • 36749111040 scopus 로고
    • Photofragmentation infrared emission studies ofvibrationally excited free radicals CH3 and CH2I
    • Baughcum SL, Leone SR (1980) Photofragmentation infrared emission studies ofvibrationally excited free radicals CH3 and CH2I. J Chem Phys 72:6531-6545
    • (1980) J Chem Phys , vol.72 , pp. 6531-6545
    • Baughcum, S.L.1    Leone, S.R.2
  • 15
    • 0006574158 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of organobromine compounds and HBr in motor car exhaust gases with a GC/microwave plasma system
    • Baumann H, Heumann KG (1987) Analysis of organobromine compounds and HBr in motor car exhaust gases with a GC/microwave plasma system. Fresenius Z Anal 327:186-192
    • (1987) Fresenius Z Anal , vol.327 , pp. 186-192
    • Baumann, H.1    Heumann, K.G.2
  • 16
    • 0021428826 scopus 로고
    • Brominated organic species in the Arctic atmosphere
    • Berg WW, Heidt LE, Pollock W, Sperry PD, Cicerone RJ
    • Berg WW, Heidt LE, Pollock W, Sperry PD, Cicerone RJ (1984) Brominated organic species in the Arctic atmosphere. Geophys Res Lett 11:429-433
    • (1984) Geophys Res Lett , vol.11 , pp. 429-433
  • 17
    • 0006208933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimentaland computational investigations of the reaction of OH with CF3I and the enthalpy of formation of HO i
    • Berry RJ, Yuan J, Misra A, Marshall P (1998) Experimentaland computational investigations of the reaction of OH with CF3I and the enthalpy of formation of HO I. J Phys Chem A 102:5182-5188
    • (1998) J Phys Chem A , vol.102 , pp. 5182-5188
    • Berry, R.J.1    Yuan, J.2    Misra, A.3    Marshall, P.4
  • 19
    • 0032001472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric chemistry of CH 31: Reaction with atomic chorine at 1-700 Torr total pressure and 295 K
    • Bilde M, Wallington TJ (1998) Atmospheric chemistry of CH 31: reaction with atomic chorine at 1-700 Torr total pressure and 295 K. J Phys Chem A 102:1550-1555
    • (1998) J Phys Chem A , vol.102 , pp. 1550-1555
    • Bilde, M.1    Wallington, T.J.2
  • 21
    • 0029757530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmethane hydrocarbon and halocarbon distributions during Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange, June 1992
    • Blake DR, Blake NJ, Smith TW Jr, Wingenter OW, Rowland FS (1996) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and halocarbon distributions during Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange, June 1992. J Geophys Res 101:4501-4514
    • (1996) J Geophys Res , vol.101 , pp. 4501-4514
    • Blake, D.R.1    Blake, N.J.2    Smith, T.W.3    Wingenter, O.W.4    Rowland, F.S.5
  • 22
    • 0343950307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and seasonality of selected hydrocarbons and halocarbons over the western Pacific basin during PEM-West A and PEM-West B
    • Blake NJ, Blake DR, Chen TY, Collins JE Jr, Sachse GW, Anderson BE, Rowland FS (1997) Distribution and seasonality of selected hydrocarbons and halocarbons over the western Pacific basin during PEM-West A and PEM-West B. J Geophys Res 102:28, 315-28, 331
    • (1997) J Geophys Res , vol.102 , pp. 28315-28331
    • Blake, N.J.1    Blake, D.R.2    Chen, T.Y.3    Collins, J.E.4    Sachse, G.W.5    Anderson, B.E.6    Rowland, F.S.7
  • 23
    • 0030434750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass burning emissions and vertical distribution of atmospheric methyl halides and other reduced carbon gases in the South Atlantic region
    • Blake NJ, Blake DR, Sive BC, Chen TY, Rowland FS (1996) Biomass burning emissions and vertical distribution of atmospheric methyl halides and other reduced carbon gases in the South Atlantic region. J Geophys Res 101:24, 151-24, 164
    • (1996) J Geophys Res , vol.101 , pp. 24151-24164
    • Blake, N.J.1    Blake, D.R.2    Sive, B.C.3    Chen, T.Y.4    Rowland, F.S.5
  • 26
    • 0025270959 scopus 로고
    • A kinetic study of the reactions of OH with CH 31 and CF3I
    • Brown AC, Canosa-Mas CE, Wayne RP (1990) A kinetic study of the reactions of OH with CH31 and CF3I.Atmos Environ 24A:361-367
    • (1990) Atmos Environ , vol.24 A , pp. 361-367
    • Brown, A.C.1    Canosa-Mas, C.E.2    Wayne, R.P.3
  • 28
    • 0028254895 scopus 로고
    • The potential role of the ocean in regulating atmospheric CH3Br
    • Butler JH (1994) The potential role of the ocean in regulating atmospheric CH3Br. Geophys Res Lett 21:185-188
    • (1994) Geophys Res Lett , vol.21 , pp. 185-188
    • Butler, J.H.1
  • 32
    • 0346315067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 298 K rate coefficient for the reaction of OH with i-C3H71, n-C 3H7I and C3H8
    • Carl SA, Crowley JN (2001) 298 K rate coefficient for the reaction of OH with i-C3H71, n-C3H7I and C3H8.Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 1:23-41
    • (2001) Atmos Chem Phys Discuss , vol.1 , pp. 23-41
    • Carl, S.A.1    Crowley, J.N.2
  • 33
    • 0033784924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On temperate sources of bromoform and other reactive organic bromine gases
    • Carpenter LJ, Liss PS (2000) On temperate sources of bromoform and other reactive organic bromine gases. J Geophys Res 105:20, 539-20, 547
    • (2000) J Geophys Res , vol.105 , pp. 20539-20547
    • Carpenter, L.J.1    Liss, P.S.2
  • 34
    • 0033585530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortlived alkyl iodides and bromides at Mace Head, lreland: Links to biogenic sources and halogen oxide production
    • Carpenter LJ, Sturges WT, Penkett SA, Liss PS, Alicke B, Hebestreit K, Platt U (1999) Shortlived alkyl iodides and bromides at Mace Head, lreland: links to biogenic sources and halogen oxide production. J Geophys Res 104:1679-1689
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , pp. 1679-1689
    • Carpenter, L.J.1    Sturges, W.T.2    Penkett, S.A.3    Liss, P.S.4    Alicke, B.5    Hebestreit, K.6    Platt, U.7
  • 35
    • 0001309628 scopus 로고
    • Iodine: Its possible role in tropospheric photochemistry
    • Chameides WL, Davis DD (1980) Iodine: Its possible role in tropospheric photochemistry. J Geophys Res 85:7383-7398
    • (1980) J Geophys Res , vol.85 , pp. 7383-7398
    • Chameides, W.L.1    Davis, D.D.2
  • 36
    • 0025657192 scopus 로고
    • Are there interactions of iodine and sulfur species in marine air photochemistry?
    • Chatfield RB, Crutzen PJ (1990) Are there interactions of iodine and sulfur species in marine air photochemistry? J Geophys Res 95:22, 319-22, 341
    • (1990) J Geophys Res , vol.95 , pp. 22319-22341
    • Chatfield, R.B.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 37
    • 0033083433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of global vehicular methyl bromide emissions: Extrapolation from a case study in Santiago, Chile
    • Chen TY, Blake DR, Lopez JP, Rowland FS (1999) Estimation of global vehicular methyl bromide emissions: extrapolation from a case study in Santiago, Chile. Geophys Res Lett 26:283-286
    • (1999) Geophys Res Lett , vol.26 , pp. 283-286
    • Chen, T.Y.1    Blake, D.R.2    Lopez, J.P.3    Rowland, F.S.4
  • 38
    • 0028160873 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic investigation of the OH +CH3Br reaction between 248 and 390 K
    • Chichinin A, Teton S, Le Bras G, Poulet G (1994) Kinetic investigation of the OH +CH3Br reaction between 248 and 390 K. J Atmos Chem 18:239-245
    • (1994) J Atmos Chem , vol.18 , pp. 239-245
    • Chichinin, A.1    Teton, S.2    Le Bras, G.3    Poulet, G.4
  • 40
    • 0024249535 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of atmospheric methyl bromide and bromoform
    • Cicerone RJ, Heidt LE, Pollock WH (1988) Measurements of atmospheric methyl bromide and bromoform. J Geophys Res 93:3745-3749
    • (1988) J Geophys Res , vol.93 , pp. 3745-3749
    • Cicerone, R.J.1    Heidt, L.E.2    Pollock, W.H.3
  • 41
    • 0023846224 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of organic traces in air. VIII. Sources and distribution of bromo- and bromochloromethanes in marine air and surfacewater of the Atlantic Ocean
    • Class T, Ballschmiter K (1988) Chemistry of organic traces in air. VIII. Sources and distribution of bromo- and bromochloromethanes in marine air and surfacewater of the Atlantic Ocean. J Atmos Chem 6:35-46
    • (1988) J Atmos Chem , vol.6 , pp. 35-46
    • Class, T.1    Ballschmiter, K.2
  • 42
    • 0022612905 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of organic traces in air. VII. B romo- and bromochloromethanes in air over the Atlantic Ocean
    • Class T, Kohnle R, Ballschmiter K (1986) Chemistry of organic traces in air. VII. B romo- and bromochloromethanes in air over the Atlantic Ocean. Chemosphere 15:429-436
    • (1986) Chemosphere , vol.15 , pp. 429-436
    • Class, T.1    Kohnle, R.2    Ballschmiter, K.3
  • 43
    • 0033586198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective injection and photochemical decay of peroxides in the tropical upper troposphere: Methyl iodide as a tracer of marine convection
    • Cohan DS, Schultz MG, Jacob DJ, Heikes BG, Blake DR (1999) Convective injection and photochemical decay of peroxides in the tropical upper troposphere: methyl iodide as a tracer of marine convection. J Geophys Res 104:5717-5724
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , pp. 5717-5724
    • Cohan, D.S.1    Schultz, M.G.2    Jacob, D.J.3    Heikes, B.G.4    Blake, D.R.5
  • 46
    • 0035118796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of iodine in the atmospheric oxidation of alkyl iodides and the fates of iodinated alkoxy radicals
    • Cotter ESN, Booth NJ, Canosa-Mas CE, Wayne RP (2001) Release of iodine in the atmospheric oxidation of alkyl iodides and the fates of iodinated alkoxy radicals. Atmos Environ 35:2169-2178
    • (2001) Atmos Environ , vol.35 , pp. 2169-2178
    • Cotter, E.S.N.1    Booth, N.J.2    Canosa-Mas, C.E.3    Wayne, R.P.4
  • 48
    • 0002694473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated biphenyls and diphenylethers
    • In: Paasivirta J (ed), vol 3K. New types of persistent halogenated compounds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • de Boer J, de Boer K, Boon JP (2000) Polybrominated biphenyls and diphenylethers. In: Paasivirta J (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol3K. New types of persistent halogenated compounds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 62-92
    • (2000) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , pp. 62-92
    • De Boer, J.1    De Boer, K.2    Boon, J.P.3
  • 50
    • 0030568453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and estimated rate constants for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with several halocarbons
    • DeMore WB (1996) Experimental and estimated rate constants for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with several halocarbons. J Phys Chem 100:5813-5820
    • (1996) J Phys Chem , vol.100 , pp. 5813-5820
    • DeMore, W.B.1
  • 52
    • 0036223196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment
    • de Wit CA (2002) An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere 46:583-624
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.46 , pp. 583-624
    • De Wit, C.A.1
  • 54
    • 0027573908 scopus 로고
    • Rate constants and atmospheric lifetimes for the reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with haloalkanes
    • Donaghy T, Shanahan I, Rande M, Fitzpatrick S (1993) Rate constants and atmospheric lifetimes for the reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with haloalkanes. Int J Chem Kinet 25:273-284
    • (1993) Int J Chem Kinet , vol.25 , pp. 273-284
    • Donaghy, T.1    Shanahan, I.2    Rande, M.3    Fitzpatrick, S.4
  • 57
    • 21844498880 scopus 로고
    • The ultraviolet absorption cross sections of CH 31: Temperature dependent gas and liquid phase measurements
    • Fahr A, Nayak AK, Kurylo MJ (1995) The ultraviolet absorption cross sections of CH 31: temperature dependent gas and liquid phase measurements. Chem Phys 197: 195-203
    • (1995) Chem Phys , vol.197 , pp. 195-203
    • Fahr, A.1    Nayak, A.K.2    Kurylo, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 21844486426 scopus 로고
    • Temperature dependence ofthe ultraviolet absorption cross sections of CF31
    • Fahr A, NayakAK, Huie RE (1995) Temperature dependence ofthe ultraviolet absorption cross sections of CF31. Chem Phys 199:275-284
    • (1995) Chem Phys , vol.199 , pp. 275-284
    • Fahr, A.1    Nayakak Huie, R.E.2
  • 60
    • 0032785053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern hemispheric halon trends (1978-1998) and global halon emissions
    • Fraser PJ, Oram DE, Reeves CE, Penkett SA, McCulloch A (1999) Southern hemispheric halon trends (1978-1998) and global halon emissions. J Geophys Res 104:15, 985-15, 999
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , pp. 15985-15999
    • Fraser, P.J.1    Oram, D.E.2    Reeves, C.E.3    Penkett, S.A.4    McCulloch, A.5
  • 61
    • 0032193164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of methyl bromide by terrestrial high er plants
    • Gan J, Yates SR, Ohr HD, Sims JJ (1998) Production of methyl bromide by terrestrial high er plants. Geophys Res Lett 25:3595-3598
    • (1998) Geophys Res Lett , vol.25 , pp. 3595-3598
    • Gan, J.1    Yates, S.R.2    Ohr, H.D.3    Sims, J.J.4
  • 62
    • 0346945209 scopus 로고
    • Gas-phase reaction of OH with alkyl iodides
    • Garraway J, Donovan RJ (1979) Gas-phase reaction of OH with alkyl iodides. J Chem Soc Chem Comm 1979:1108
    • (1979) J Chem Soc Chem Comm , vol.1979 , pp. 1108
    • Garraway, J.1    Donovan, R.J.2
  • 64
    • 0033565935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release ofvolatile iodinated C1-C4 hydrocarbons by marine macroalgae from various climate zones
    • Giese G, Laturnus F, Adams FC, Wiencke C (1999) Release ofvolatile iodinated C1-C4 hydrocarbons by marine macroalgae from various climate zones. Environ Sei Technol 33:2432-2439
    • (1999) Environ Sei Technol , vol.33 , pp. 2432-2439
    • Giese, G.1    Laturnus, F.2    Adams, F.C.3    Wiencke, C.4
  • 65
    • 0037198787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate coeffieient and product branching measurements for the reaction OH +bromopropane between 230 and 360 K
    • Gilles MK, Burkholder JB, Gierczak T, Marshall P, Ravishankara AR (2003) Rate coeffieient and product branching measurements for the reaction OH +bromopropane between 230 and 360 K. J Phys Chem A 106:5358-5366
    • (2003) J Phys Chem A , vol.106 , pp. 5358-5366
    • Gilles, M.K.1    Burkholder, J.B.2    Gierczak, T.3    Marshall, P.4    Ravishankara, A.R.5
  • 66
    • 0034299171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate coeffieients for the OH+CF31 reaction between 271 and 370 K
    • Gilles MK, Talukdar RK, Ravishankara AR (2000) Rate coeffieients for the OH+CF31 reaction between 271 and 370 K. J Phys Chem A 104:8945-8950
    • (2000) J Phys Chem A , vol.104 , pp. 8945-8950
    • Gilles, M.K.1    Talukdar, R.K.2    Ravishankara, A.R.3
  • 67
  • 68
    • 0001194633 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of methyl bromide at stratospheric temperatures
    • Gillotay D, Sirnon PC (1988) Ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of methyl bromide at stratospheric temperatures. Ann Geophys 6:211-215
    • (1988) Ann Geophys , vol.6 , pp. 211-215
    • Gillotay, D.1    Sirnon, P.C.2
  • 69
    • 0024476726 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of trifluorobromomethane, difluorodibromomethane and diffluorobromochloromethane in the vapor phase
    • Gillotay D, Sirnon PC (1989) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of trifluorobromomethane, difluorodibromomethane and diffluorobromochloromethane in the vapor phase. J Atmos Chem 8:41-62
    • (1989) J Atmos Chem , vol.8 , pp. 41-62
    • Gillotay, D.1    Sirnon, P.C.2
  • 70
    • 0031334913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyl chloride formation by gas phase thermal chlorine atom reaction with methyl iodide and methyl bromide
    • Goliff WS, Rowland FS (1997) Methyl chloride formation by gas phase thermal chlorine atom reaction with methyl iodide and methyl bromide. Geophys Res Lett 24:3029-3032
    • (1997) Geophys Res Lett , vol.24 , pp. 3029-3032
    • Goliff, W.S.1    Rowland, F.S.2
  • 72
    • 1542573044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean-atmosphere exchange of methyl bromide: NW Atlantic and Paeific Ocean studies
    • Groszko W, Moore RM (1998) Ocean-atmosphere exchange of methyl bromide: NW Atlantic and Paeific Ocean studies. J Geophys Res 103:16, 737-16, 741
    • (1998) J Geophys Res , vol.103 , pp. 16737-16741
    • Groszko, W.1    Moore, R.M.2
  • 73
    • 0021890535 scopus 로고
    • Volatile halogenated organic compounds released to seawater from temperate marine macroalgae
    • Gschwend PM, MacFarlane JK, Newman KA (1985) Volatile halogenated organic compounds released to seawater from temperate marine macroalgae. Seience 227:1033-1035
    • (1985) Seience , vol.227 , pp. 1033-1035
    • Gschwend, P.M.1    MacFarlane, J.K.2    Newman, K.A.3
  • 75
    • 0030207860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyliodide in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas and the tropical Atlantic Ocean: Evidence for photochemical production
    • Rappell JD, Wallace DWR (1996) Methyliodide in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas and the tropical Atlantic Ocean: evidence for photochemical production. Geophys Res Lett 23:2105-2108
    • (1996) Geophys Res Lett , vol.23 , pp. 2105-2108
    • Rappell, J.D.1    Wallace, D.W.R.2
  • 76
    • 0017589749 scopus 로고
    • Identification of methylbromidein urban air
    • Harsch DE, Rasmussen RA (1977) Identification of methylbromidein urban air.Anal Lett 10:1041-1047
    • (1977) Anal Lett , vol.10 , pp. 1041-1047
    • Harsch, D.E.1    Rasmussen, R.A.2
  • 77
    • 37049156063 scopus 로고
    • Studies in spectroscopy. III. the ultraviolet absorption spectra of halogen-containing aliphatic iodo-compounds, and the relative stability of free halogen containing alkyl radicals
    • Haszeldine RN (1953) Studies in spectroscopy. III. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of halogen-containing aliphatic iodo-compounds, and the relative stability of free halogen containing alkyl radicals. J Chem Soc 1953:1764-1771
    • (1953) J Chem Soc , vol.1953 , pp. 1764-1771
    • Haszeldine, R.N.1
  • 79
    • 0028333364 scopus 로고
    • Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHC13, and CH3Br
    • Hsu KJ, DeMore WB (1994) Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHC13, and CH3Br. Geophys Res Lett 21:805-808
    • (1994) Geophys Res Lett , vol.21 , pp. 805-808
    • Hsu, K.J.1    DeMore, W.B.2
  • 80
    • 0030199459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the degradation of methylbromidein sea water
    • Jeffers PM, Wolfe NL (1996) On the degradation of methylbromidein sea water. Geophys Res Lett 23:1773-1776
    • (1996) Geophys Res Lett , vol.23 , pp. 1773-1776
    • Jeffers, P.M.1    Wolfe, N.L.2
  • 81
    • 0031861281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green plants: A terrestrial sink for atmospheric CH3Br
    • Jeffers PM, Wolfe NL, Nzengung V (1998) Green plants: a terrestrial sink for atmospheric CH3Br. Geophys Res Lett 25:43-46
    • (1998) Geophys Res Lett , vol.25 , pp. 43-46
    • Jeffers, P.M.1    Wolfe, N.L.2    Nzengung, V.3
  • 82
    • 0001378573 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of reactions of CH30 2 and HOCH2CH2O 2 radicals produced by the photolysis of iodomethane and 2-iodoethanol
    • Jenkin ME, Cox RA (1991) Kinetics of reactions of CH30 2 and HOCH2CH2O 2 radicals produced by the photolysis of iodomethane and 2-iodoethanol. J Phys Chem 95: 3229-3237
    • (1991) J Phys Chem , vol.95 , pp. 3229-3237
    • Jenkin, M.E.1    Cox, R.A.2
  • 83
    • 0021850199 scopus 로고
    • Photochemical aspects of tropospheric iodine behaviour
    • Jenkin ME, Cox RA, Cancleland DE (1985) Photochemical aspects of tropospheric iodine behaviour. J Atmos Chem 2:359-375
    • (1985) J Atmos Chem , vol.2 , pp. 359-375
    • Jenkin, M.E.1    Cox, R.A.2    Cancleland, D.E.3
  • 84
    • 37049072196 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics and product study of the self-reactions of allyl and allyl peroxy radicals at 296 K
    • Jenkin ME, MurreHs TP, Shalliker SJ, Hayman GD (1993) Kinetics and product study of the self-reactions of allyl and allyl peroxy radicals at 296 K. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 89:433-446
    • (1993) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans , vol.89 , pp. 433-446
    • Jenkin, M.E.1    MurreHs, T.P.2    Shalliker, S.J.3    Hayman, G.D.4
  • 85
    • 84980258678 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic study of the reaction of chlorine atoms with CF31 and the reactions of CF3 radicals with O2, Cl2 and NO at 296 K
    • Kaiser EW, Wallington TJ, Hurley MD (1995) Kinetic study of the reaction of chlorine atoms with CF31 and the reactions of CF3 radicals with O2, Cl2 and NO at 296 K. Int J Chem Kinet 27:205-218
    • (1995) Int J Chem Kinet , vol.27 , pp. 205-218
    • Kaiser, E.W.1    Wallington, T.J.2    Hurley, M.D.3
  • 87
    • 0000579312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodissoeiation of alkyl iodides and CF31 at 304 nm: Relative populations of I(2P112) and 1(2P312) and dynamics of curve crossing
    • Kang WK, Jung KW, Kim DC, Jung KH (1996) Photodissoeiation of alkyl iodides and CF31 at 304 nm: relative populations of I(2P112) and 1(2P312) and dynamics of curve crossing. J Chem Phys 104:5815-5820
    • (1996) J Chem Phys , vol.104 , pp. 5815-5820
    • Kang, W.K.1    Jung, K.W.2    Kim, D.C.3    Jung, K.H.4
  • 88
    • 1842494214 scopus 로고
    • The trend ofbromochlorodifluoromethane and the concentrations of other bromine-containing gases at the South Pole
    • Khalil MAK, Rasmussen RA (1985) The trend ofbromochlorodifluoromethane and the concentrations of other bromine-containing gases at the South Pole. Antarc J US 15:206-207
    • (1985) Antarc J US , vol.15 , pp. 206-207
    • Khalil, M.A.K.1    Rasmussen, R.A.2
  • 89
    • 0027387154 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric methyl bromide: Trends and global mass balance
    • Khalil MAK, Rasmussen RA, Gunawardena R (1993) Atmospheric methyl bromide: trends and global mass balance. J Geophys Res 98:2887-2896
    • (1993) J Geophys Res , vol.98 , pp. 2887-2896
    • Khalil, M.A.K.1    Rasmussen, R.A.2    Gunawardena, R.3
  • 90
    • 0033784421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of methyl bromide supersaturations in the temperate North Atlantic Ocean
    • King DB, Butler JH, Montzka SA, Yvon-Lowis SA, Elkins JW (2000) Implications of methyl bromide supersaturations in the temperate North Atlantic Ocean. J Geophys Res 105:19, 763-19, 769
    • (2000) J Geophys Res , vol.105 , pp. 19763-19769
    • King, D.B.1    Butler, J.H.2    Montzka, S.A.3    Yvon-Lowis, S.A.4    Elkins, J.W.5
  • 91
    • 0031431051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of methylbromidein coastal seawater: Chemical and biological rates
    • King DB, Saltzman ES (1997) Removal of methylbromidein coastal seawater: chemical and biological rates. J Geophys Res 102:18, 715-18, 721
    • (1997) J Geophys Res , vol.102 , pp. 18715-18721
    • King, D.B.1    Saltzman, E.S.2
  • 92
    • 0027059867 scopus 로고
    • Biogenie volatile iodated hydrocarbons in the ocean
    • Klick S, AbrahamssanK (1992) Biogenie volatile iodated hydrocarbons in the ocean. J Geophys Res 97:12, 683-12, 687
    • (1992) J Geophys Res , vol.97 , pp. 12683-12687
    • Klick, S.1    Abrahamssan, K.2
  • 93
    • 0030235568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dibromomethane (CH2Br2) measurements at the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
    • Kourtidis K, Borchers R, Fabian P (1996) Dibromomethane (CH2Br2) measurements at the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Geophys Res Lett 23:2581-2584
    • (1996) Geophys Res Lett , vol.23 , pp. 2581-2584
    • Kourtidis, K.1    Borchers, R.2    Fabian, P.3
  • 94
    • 0032004651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical distribution of methylbromidein the stratosphere
    • Kourtidis K, Borchers R, Fabian P (1998) Vertical distribution of methylbromidein the stratosphere. Geophys Res Lett 25:505-508
    • (1998) Geophys Res Lett , vol.25 , pp. 505-508
    • Kourtidis, K.1    Borchers, R.2    Fabian, P.3
  • 95
    • 0022236349 scopus 로고
    • Lncreasing abundance of CBrClF2 in the atmosphere
    • Lal S, Borchers R, Fabian P, Kruger BC (1985) lncreasing abundance of CBrClF2 in the atmosphere. Nature 316:135-136
    • (1985) Nature , vol.316 , pp. 135-136
    • Lal, S.1    Borchers, R.2    Fabian, P.3    Kruger, B.C.4
  • 96
    • 0028669038 scopus 로고
    • Vertical distribution of methyl bromide over Hyderabad, India
    • Lal S, Borchers R, Fabian P, Patra PK, Subbaraya BH (1994) Vertical distribution of methyl bromide over Hyderabad, India. Tellus 46B:373-377
    • (1994) Tellus , vol.46 B , pp. 373-377
    • Lal, S.1    Borchers, R.2    Fabian, P.3    Patra, P.K.4    Subbaraya, B.H.5
  • 97
    • 0029731722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas phase atmospheric bromine photochemistry
    • Lary DJ (1996) Gas phase atmospheric bromine photochemistry. J Geophys Res 101: 1505-1516
    • (1996) J Geophys Res , vol.101 , pp. 1505-1516
    • Lary, D.J.1
  • 98
    • 0033784796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litter decomposition as a potential natural source of methyl bromide
    • Lee-Taylor JM, Holland EA (2000) Litter decomposition as a potential natural source of methyl bromide. J Geophys Res 105:8857-8864
    • (2000) J Geophys Res , vol.105 , pp. 8857-8864
    • Lee-Taylor, J.M.1    Holland, E.A.2
  • 102
    • 0001459936 scopus 로고
    • Halogenated hydrocarbons in and over the Atlantic
    • Lovelock JE, Maggs RJ, Wade RJ (1973) Halogenated hydrocarbons in and over the Atlantic. Nature 241:194-196
    • (1973) Nature , vol.241 , pp. 194-196
    • Lovelock, J.E.1    Maggs, R.J.2    Wade, R.J.3
  • 103
    • 0035866617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Michigan salmonids
    • Manchester-Neesvig JB, Valters K, Sonzogni WC (2001) Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Michigan salmonids. Environ Sei Technol 35:1072-1077
    • (2001) Environ Sei Technol , vol.35 , pp. 1072-1077
    • Manchester-Neesvig, J.B.1    Valters, K.2    Sonzogni, W.C.3
  • 104
    • 0031646346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring gas-phase chlorine atom concentrations: Rate constants for Cl+HN3, CF31, and C2F51
    • Manke GC II, Setser DW (1998) Measuring gas-phase chlorine atom concentrations: rate constants for Cl+HN3, CF31, and C2F51. J Phys Chem A 102:153-159
    • (1998) J Phys Chem A , vol.102 , pp. 153-159
    • Manke, I.I.G.C.1    Setser, D.W.2
  • 105
    • 0028179606 scopus 로고
    • Emission of methyl bromide from biomass burning
    • Mano S, Andreae MO (1994) Emission of methyl bromide from biomass burning. Seience 263:1255-1257
    • (1994) Seience , vol.263 , pp. 1255-1257
    • Mano, S.1    Andreae, M.O.2
  • 109
    • 0000556146 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet absorption cross sections of several brominated methanes and ethanes of atmospheric interest
    • Molina LT, Molina MJ, Rowland FS (1982) Ultraviolet absorption cross sections of several brominated methanes and ethanes of atmospheric interest. J Phys Chem 86:2672-2676
    • (1982) J Phys Chem , vol.86 , pp. 2672-2676
    • Molina, L.T.1    Molina, M.J.2    Rowland, F.S.3
  • 112
    • 0033562312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyliodidedistribution in the ocean and fluxes to the atmosphere
    • Moore RM, Groszko W (1999) Methyliodidedistribution in the ocean and fluxes to the atmosphere. J Geophys Res 104:11, 163-11, 171
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , pp. 11163-11171
    • Moore, R.M.1    Groszko, W.2
  • 113
    • 0027100771 scopus 로고
    • Chloro-iodomethane in N Atlantic waters: A potentially significant source of atmospheric iodine
    • Moore RM, Tokarczyk R (1992) Chloro-iodomethane in N Atlantic waters: a potentially significant source of atmospheric iodine. Geophys Res Lett 19:1779-1782
    • (1992) Geophys Res Lett , vol.19 , pp. 1779-1782
    • Moore, R.M.1    Tokarczyk, R.2
  • 114
    • 0030265169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between methyl bromide and chlorophyll a in high latitude ocean waters
    • Moore RM, Webb M (1996) The relationship between methyl bromide and chlorophyll a in high latitude ocean waters. Geophys Res Lett 23:2951-2954
    • (1996) Geophys Res Lett , vol.23 , pp. 2951-2954
    • Moore, R.M.1    Webb, M.2
  • 115
    • 0028604687 scopus 로고
    • Photochemical production of methyliodidein seawater
    • Moore RM, Zafiriou OC (1994) Photochemical production of methyliodidein seawater. J Geophys Res 99:16, 415-16, 420
    • (1994) J Geophys Res , vol.99 , pp. 16415-16420
    • Moore, R.M.1    Zafiriou, O.C.2
  • 116
    • 0001999339 scopus 로고
    • Temperature dependence (256-296 K) of the absorption cross-sections ofbromoform in the wavelength range 285-360 nm
    • In: Niki H, Becker KH (eds), Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Moortgat GK, Meiler R, Schneider W (1993) Temperature dependence (256-296 K) of the absorption cross-sections ofbromoform in the wavelength range 285-360 nm. In: Niki H, Becker KH (eds) The tropospheric chemistry of ozone in the polar regions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • (1993) The Tropospheric Chemistry of Ozone in the Polar Regions
    • Moortgat, G.K.1    Meiler, R.2    Schneider, W.3
  • 117
    • 33748609939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV-vis absorption cross-sections and atmospheric lifetimes of CH2Br2, CH212 and CH2Brl
    • Mössinger JC, Shallcross DE, Cox RA (1998) UV-vis absorption cross-sections and atmospheric lifetimes of CH2Br2, CH212 and CH2Brl. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 94: 1391-1396
    • (1998) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans , vol.94 , pp. 1391-1396
    • Mössinger, J.C.1    Shallcross, D.E.2    Cox, R.A.3
  • 119
    • 0034957280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation ofbromoform's contribution to stratospheric bromine
    • Nielsen JE, Douglass AR (2001) A simulation ofbromoform's contribution to stratospheric bromine. J Geophys Res 106:8089-8100
    • (2001) J Geophys Res , vol.106 , pp. 8089-8100
    • Nielsen, J.E.1    Douglass, A.R.2
  • 120
    • 0028410958 scopus 로고
    • Observations in eastern England of elevated methyl iodide concentrations in air of Atlantic origin
    • Oram DE, Penkett SA (1994) Observations in eastern England of elevated methyl iodide concentrations in air of Atlantic origin. Atmos Environ 28: 1159-117 4
    • (1994) Atmos Environ , vol.28 , pp. 1159-1174
    • Oram, D.E.1    Penkett, S.A.2
  • 121
    • 0028989107 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet absorption spectra of some Br-containing haloalkanes
    • Orkin VL, Kasimovskaya EE (1995) Ultraviolet absorption spectra of some Br-containing haloalkanes. J Atmos Chem 21: 1-11
    • (1995) J Atmos Chem , vol.21 , pp. 1-11
    • Orkin, V.L.1    Kasimovskaya, E.E.2
  • 122
    • 0031560522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric fate of chlorobromomethane: Rate constant for the reaction with OH, UV spectrum and water solubility
    • Orkin VL, Khamaganov VG, Guschin AG, Huie RE, Kurylo MJ (1997) Atmospheric fate of chlorobromomethane: rate constant for the reaction with OH, UV spectrum and water solubility. J Phys Chem A 101:17 4-178
    • (1997) J Phys Chem A , vol.101 , Issue.17 , pp. 4-178
    • Orkin, V.L.1    Khamaganov, V.G.2    Guschin, A.G.3    Huie, R.E.4    Kurylo, M.J.5
  • 123
    • 0030172036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric chemistry of CH2Br 2: Rate coefficients for its reaction with Cl atoms and OH and the chemistry of the CHBr20 radical
    • Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS, Wallington TJ, Dill M (1996) Atmospheric chemistry of CH2Br 2: rate coefficients for its reaction with Cl atoms and OH and the chemistry of the CHBr20 radical. Int J Chem Kinet 28:433-442
    • (1996) Int J Chem Kinet , vol.28 , pp. 433-442
    • Orlando, J.J.1    Tyndall, G.S.2    Wallington, T.J.3    Dill, M.4
  • 124
    • 0022190478 scopus 로고
    • An interhemispheric comparison of the concentrations of bromine compounds in the atmosphere
    • Penkett SA, Jones BMR, Rycroft MJ, Simmons DA (1985) An interhemispheric comparison of the concentrations of bromine compounds in the atmosphere. Nature 318:550-553
    • (1985) Nature , vol.318 , pp. 550-553
    • Penkett, S.A.1    Jones, B.M.R.2    Rycroft, M.J.3    Simmons, D.A.4
  • 125
    • 0019389948 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric measurements of CF 4 and other fluorocarbons containing the CF3 grouping
    • Penkett SA, Prosser NJD, Rasmussen RA, Khalil MAK (1981) Atmospheric measurements of CF 4 and other fluorocarbons containing the CF3 grouping. J Geophys Res 86:5172-5178
    • (1981) J Geophys Res , vol.86 , pp. 5172-5178
    • Penkett, S.A.1    Prosser, N.J.D.2    Rasmussen, R.A.3    Khalil, M.A.K.4
  • 127
    • 0000432560 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of solvation effects on short-time photodissociation dynamics of alkyl iodides
    • Phillips DL, Myers AB, Valentini JJ (1992) Investigation of solvation effects on short-time photodissociation dynamics of alkyl iodides. J Phys Chem 96:2039-2044
    • (1992) J Phys Chem , vol.96 , pp. 2039-2044
    • Phillips, D.L.1    Myers, A.B.2    Valentini, J.J.3
  • 128
    • 0029667070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oceans: A source or a sink of methyl bromide?
    • Pilinis C, King DB, Saltzman ES (1996) The oceans: a source or a sink of methyl bromide? Geophys Res Lett 23:817-820
    • (1996) Geophys Res Lett , vol.23 , pp. 817-820
    • Pilinis, C.1    King, D.B.2    Saltzman, E.S.3
  • 130
    • 0003071163 scopus 로고
    • The continuous absorption spectra of alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides and their quantal interpretation
    • Porret D, Goodeve CF (1938) The continuous absorption spectra of alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides and their quantal interpretation. Proc R Soc London A 165:31-42
    • (1938) Proc R Soc London A , vol.165 , pp. 31-42
    • Porret, D.1    Goodeve, C.F.2
  • 134
    • 0021428827 scopus 로고
    • Gaseous bromine in the Arctic and Arctic haze
    • Rasmussen RA, Khalil MAK (1984) Gaseous bromine in the Arctic and Arctic haze. Geophys Res Lett 11:433-436
    • (1984) Geophys Res Lett , vol.11 , pp. 433-436
    • Rasmussen, R.A.1    Khalil, M.A.K.2
  • 136
    • 33748635612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV absorption cross-sections and atmospheric photolysis rates of CF31, CH31, C 2H51 and CH2ICL
    • Rattigan OV, Shallcross DE, Cox RA (1997) UV absorption cross-sections and atmospheric photolysis rates of CF31, CH31, C2H51 and CH2ICL J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 93:2839-2846
    • (1997) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans , vol.93 , pp. 2839-2846
    • Rattigan, O.V.1    Shallcross, D.E.2    Cox, R.A.3
  • 138
    • 0026604042 scopus 로고
    • Bromo- and bromochloromethanes in the Antarctic atmosphere and the South Polar Sea
    • Reifenhäuser W, Heumann KG (1992) Bromo- and bromochloromethanes in the Antarctic atmosphere and the South Polar Sea. Chemosphere 24:1293-1300
    • (1992) Chemosphere , vol.24 , pp. 1293-1300
    • Reifenhäuser, W.1    Heumann, K.G.2
  • 139
    • 0026945839 scopus 로고
    • Determinations of methyliodidein the Antarctic atmosphere and the South Polar Sea
    • Reifenhäuser W, Heumann KG (1992) Determinations of methyliodidein the Antarctic atmosphere and the South Polar Sea. Atmos Environ 26A:2905-2912
    • (1992) Atmos Environ , vol.26 A , pp. 2905-2912
    • Reifenhäuser, W.1    Heumann, K.G.2
  • 140
    • 0034194529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What fate for brominated fire retardants?
    • Renner R (2000) What fate for brominated fire retardants? Environ Sei Technol 34: 223A-226A
    • (2000) Environ Sei Technol , vol.34 , pp. 223A-226A
    • Renner, R.1
  • 141
    • 0000274492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing Ievels of flame retardants found in North American environment
    • Renner R (2000) Increasing Ievels of flame retardants found in North American environment. Environ Sei Technol 34:452A-453A
    • (2000) Environ Sei Technol , vol.34 , pp. 452A-453A
    • Renner, R.1
  • 142
    • 0034779175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrubland fluxes of methyl bromide and methyl chloride
    • Rhew RC, Miller BR, Vollmer MK, Weiss RF (2001) Shrubland fluxes of methyl bromide and methyl chloride. J Geophys Res 106:20, 875-20, 882
    • (2001) J Geophys Res , vol.106 , pp. 20875-20882
    • Rhew, R.C.1    Miller, B.R.2    Vollmer, M.K.3    Weiss, R.F.4
  • 143
    • 0034688162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturalmethylbromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes
    • Rhew RC, Miller BR, Weiss RF (2000) Naturalmethylbromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes. Nature 403:292-295
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 292-295
    • Rhew, R.C.1    Miller, B.R.2    Weiss, R.F.3
  • 144
    • 84945101694 scopus 로고
    • Photodissoeiation of methyl chloride and methylbromidein the atmosphere
    • Robbins DE (1976) Photodissoeiation of methyl chloride and methylbromidein the atmosphere. Geophys Res Lett 3:213-216
    • (1976) Geophys Res Lett , vol.3 , pp. 213-216
    • Robbins, D.E.1
  • 145
    • 0001302377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature dependence of UV absorption cross sections and atmospheric implications of several alkyl iodides
    • Roehl CM, Burkholder JB, Moortgat GK, Ravishankara AR, Crutzen PJ (1997) Temperature dependence of UV absorption cross sections and atmospheric implications of several alkyl iodides. J Geophys Res 102:12, 819-12, 829
    • (1997) J Geophys Res , vol.102 , pp. 12819-12829
    • Roehl, C.M.1    Burkholder, J.B.2    Moortgat, G.K.3    Ravishankara, A.R.4    Crutzen, P.J.5
  • 146
    • 0029663112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The budgets of ethane and tetrachloroethene: Is there evidence for an impact of reactions with chlorine atoms in the troposphere?
    • Rudolph J, Koppmann R, Plass-Dülmer C (1996) The budgets of ethane and tetrachloroethene: is there evidence for an impact of reactions with chlorine atoms in the troposphere? Atmos Environ 30:1887-1894
    • (1996) Atmos Environ , vol.30 , pp. 1887-1894
    • Rudolph, J.1    Koppmann, R.2    Plass-Dülmer, C.3
  • 148
    • 0006131306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological production of methyl bromide by cultures of marine phytoplankton
    • Saemundsdottir S, Matrai PA (1998) Biological production of methyl bromide by cultures of marine phytoplankton. Linmol Oceanogr 43:81-87
    • (1998) Linmol Oceanogr , vol.43 , pp. 81-87
    • Saemundsdottir, S.1    Matrai, P.A.2
  • 149
    • 0030251382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of methyl chloride and methylbromidein laboratory cultures of marine phytoplankton
    • Scarratt MG, Moore RM (1996) Production of methyl chloride and methylbromidein laboratory cultures of marine phytoplankton. Mar Chem 54:263-272
    • (1996) Mar Chem , vol.54 , pp. 263-272
    • Scarratt, M.G.1    Moore, R.M.2
  • 153
    • 0000842431 scopus 로고
    • Photolysis of CH212 and 1, 1-C2H412
    • Schmitt G, Comes FJ (1980) Photolysis of CH212 and 1, 1-C2H412. J Photoehern 14:107-123
    • (1980) J Photoehern , vol.14 , pp. 107-123
    • Schmitt, G.1    Comes, F.J.2
  • 158
    • 0027388203 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the atmospheric sources and sinks of methyl bromide
    • Singh HB, Kanakidou M (1993) An investigation of the atmospheric sources and sinks of methyl bromide. Geophys Res Lett 20:133-136
    • (1993) Geophys Res Lett , vol.20 , pp. 133-136
    • Singh, H.B.1    Kanakidou, M.2
  • 159
    • 0017573503 scopus 로고
    • Urban-nonurban relationships of halocarbons, SF6, N20 and other atmospheric trace constituents
    • Singh HB, Salas L, Shigeishi H, Crawford A (1977) Urban-nonurban relationships of halocarbons, SF6, N20 and other atmospheric trace constituents. Atmos Environ 11: 819-829
    • (1977) Atmos Environ , vol.11 , pp. 819-829
    • Singh, H.B.1    Salas, L.2    Shigeishi, H.3    Crawford, A.4
  • 160
    • 0020738432 scopus 로고
    • Selected man-made halogenated chemieals in the air and oceanic environment
    • Singh HB, Salas LJ, Stiles RE (1983) Selected man-made halogenated chemieals in the air and oceanic environment. J Geophys Res 88:3675-3683
    • (1983) J Geophys Res , vol.88 , pp. 3675-3683
    • Singh, H.B.1    Salas, L.J.2    Stiles, R.E.3
  • 161
    • 0021055660 scopus 로고
    • Methylhalides in and over the Eastern Pacific (40°N-320S)
    • Singh HB, Salas LJ, Stiles RE (1983) Methylhalides in and over the Eastern Pacific (40°N-320S). J Geophys Res 88:3684-3690
    • (1983) J Geophys Res , vol.88 , pp. 3684-3690
    • Singh, H.B.1    Salas, L.J.2    Stiles, R.E.3
  • 163
    • 0345683619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive bromine compounds
    • In: Fabian P, Singh ON (eds), volume 4E. Reactive halogen compounds in the atmosphere. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Singh ON, Fabian P (1999) Reactive bromine compounds.In: Fabian P, Singh ON (eds) The handbook of environmental chemistry, volume 4E. Reactive halogen compounds in the atmosphere. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 1-41
    • (1999) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , pp. 1-41
    • Singh, O.N.1    Fabian, P.2
  • 164
    • 0024251196 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of atmospheric BrOx radicals in the tropical and mid-latitude atmosphere
    • Singh ON, Horchers R, Fabian P, Lal S, Subbaraya BH (1988) Measurements of atmospheric BrOx radicals in the tropical and mid-latitude atmosphere. Nature 334:593-595
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 593-595
    • Singh, O.N.1    Horchers, R.2    Fabian, P.3    Lal, S.4    Subbaraya, B.H.5
  • 167
    • 0035866648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations and spatial variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other organohalogen compounds in Great Lakes air
    • Strandberg B, Dodder NG, Basu I, Hites RA (2001) Concentrations and spatial variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other organohalogen compounds in Great Lakes air. Environ Sei Technol 35:1079-1083
    • (2001) Environ Sei Technol , vol.35 , pp. 1079-1083
    • Strandberg, B.1    Dodder, N.G.2    Basu, I.3    Hites, R.A.4
  • 170
    • 0001884566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate constants for the reactions ofOH with 1- and 2-bromopropane
    • Teton S, BoudaliAE, MelloukiA (1996) Rate constants for the reactions ofOH with 1- and 2-bromopropane. J Chim Phys 93:274-282
    • (1996) J Chim Phys , vol.93 , pp. 274-282
    • Teton, S.1    Boudali, A.E.2    Mellouki, A.3
  • 172
    • 0027606994 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of 0(1 D) reactions with bromocarbons
    • Thompson JE, Ravishankara AR (1993) Kinetics of 0(1 D) reactions with bromocarbons. Int J Chem Kinet 25:479-487
    • (1993) Int J Chem Kinet , vol.25 , pp. 479-487
    • Thompson, J.E.1    Ravishankara, A.R.2
  • 173
    • 0035675086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylbromide loss rate constants in the North Pacific Ocean
    • Tokarczyk R, Goodwin KD, Saltzman ES (2001) Methylbromide loss rate constants in the North Pacific Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 28:4429-4433
    • (2001) Geophys Res Lett , vol.28 , pp. 4429-4433
    • Tokarczyk, R.1    Goodwin, K.D.2    Saltzman, E.S.3
  • 174
    • 0034929568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylbromide loss rates in surface water ofthe North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Eastern Pacific Ocean (8°-45°N)
    • Tokarczyk R, Saltzman ES (2001) Methylbromide loss rates in surface water ofthe North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Eastern Pacific Ocean (8°-45°N). J Geophys Res 106:9843-9851
    • (2001) J Geophys Res , vol.106 , pp. 9843-9851
    • Tokarczyk, R.1    Saltzman, E.S.2
  • 175
    • 0033401502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wetlands: A potentially significant source of atmospheric methyl bromide and methyl chloride
    • Varner RK, Crill PM, Talbot RW (1999) Wetlands: a potentially significant source of atmospheric methyl bromide and methyl chloride. Geophys Res Lett 26:2433-2436
    • (1999) Geophys Res Lett , vol.26 , pp. 2433-2436
    • Varner, R.K.1    Crill, P.M.2    Talbot, R.W.3
  • 176
    • 0033559294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the uptake of atmospheric methyl bromide by agricultural soils
    • Varner RK, Crill PM, Talbot RW, Shorter JH (1999) An estimate of the uptake of atmospheric methyl bromide by agricultural soils. Geophys Res Lett 26:727-730
    • (1999) Geophys Res Lett , vol.26 , pp. 727-730
    • Varner, R.K.1    Crill, P.M.2    Talbot, R.W.3    Shorter, J.H.4
  • 177
    • 0001374275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine compounds in the atmosphere
    • In: Fabian P, Singh ON (eds), vol 4e. Reactive halogen compounds in the atmosphere. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    • Vogt R (1999) Iodine compounds in the atmosphere. In: Fabian P, Singh ON (eds) The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol4e. Reactive halogen compounds in the atmosphere. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 114-127
    • (1999) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , pp. 114-127
    • Vogt, R.1
  • 178
    • 0033049169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine chemistry and its role in halogen activation and ozone loss in the marine boundary layer: A model study
    • Vogt R, Sander R, Crutzen PJ (1999) Iodine chemistry and its role in halogen activation and ozone loss in the marine boundary layer: a model study. J Atmos Chem 32:375-395
    • (1999) J Atmos Chem , vol.32 , pp. 375-395
    • Vogt, R.1    Sander, R.2    Crutzen, P.J.3
  • 179
    • 0031839341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution ofHalon-1211 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the 1994 total bromine budget
    • Wamsley PR et al. (1998) Distribution ofHalon-1211 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the 1994 total bromine budget. J Geophys Res 103:1513-1526
    • (1998) J Geophys Res , vol.103 , pp. 1513-1526
    • Wamsley, P.R.1
  • 181
    • 0031443165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redueing methyl bromide emission with a high barrier plastic film and reduced dosage
    • Wang D, Yates SR, Ernst FF, Gan J, Jury WA (1997) Redueing methyl bromide emission with a high barrier plastic film and reduced dosage. Environ Sei Technol 31:3686-3691
    • (1997) Environ Sei Technol , vol.31 , pp. 3686-3691
    • Wang, D.1    Yates, S.R.2    Ernst, F.F.3    Gan, J.4    Jury, W.A.5
  • 183
    • 0033590327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylbromide emissions from agricultural field fumigations in California
    • Williams J, Wang NY, Cicerone RJ (1999) Methylbromide emissions from agricultural field fumigations in California. J Geophys Res 104:30, 087-30, 096
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , pp. 30087-30096
    • Williams, J.1    Wang, N.Y.2    Cicerone, R.J.3
  • 184
    • 0029729850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocarbon and halocarbon measurements as photochemical and dynamical indicators of atmospheric hydroxyl, atomic chlorine, and vertical mixing obtained during Lagrangian flights
    • Wingenter OW, Kubo MK, Blake NJ, Smith TW Jr, Blake DR, Rowland FS (1996) Hydrocarbon and halocarbon measurements as photochemical and dynamical indicators of atmospheric hydroxyl, atomic chlorine, and vertical mixing obtained during Lagrangian flights. J Geophys Res 101:4331-4340
    • (1996) J Geophys Res , vol.101 , pp. 4331-4340
    • Wingenter, O.W.1    Kubo, M.K.2    Blake, N.J.3    Smith, T.W.4    Blake, D.R.5    Rowland, F.S.6
  • 185
    • 0032148172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of tropospheric methyl bromide concentrations: Constraints on anthropogenic input
    • Wingenter OW, Wang CJL, Blake DR, Rowland FS (1998) Seasonal variation of tropospheric methyl bromide concentrations: constraints on anthropogenic input. Geophys Res Lett 25:2797-2800
    • (1998) Geophys Res Lett , vol.25 , pp. 2797-2800
    • Wingenter, O.W.1    Wang, C.J.L.2    Blake, D.R.3    Rowland, F.S.4
  • 186
    • 0030782704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil as a terrestrial sink for methyl bromide fumigant: Preliminary results
    • Woodrow JE, LeNoir JS, Seiber JN (1997) Soil as a terrestrial sink for methyl bromide fumigant: preliminary results. Chemosphere 35:2543-2551
    • (1997) Chemosphere , vol.35 , pp. 2543-2551
    • Woodrow, J.E.1    LeNoir, J.S.2    Seiber, J.N.3
  • 187
    • 0033136249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion: Updated evaluation of ozone depletion potentials for chlorobromomethane (CH2ClBr) and 1-bromo-propane (CH2BrCH2CH3)
    • Wuebbles DJ, Kotamarthi R, Patten KO (1999) Discussion: updated evaluation of ozone depletion potentials for chlorobromomethane (CH2ClBr) and 1-bromo-propane (CH2BrCH2CH3).Atmos Environ 33:1641-1643
    • (1999) Atmos Environ , vol.33 , pp. 1641-1643
    • Wuebbles, D.J.1    Kotamarthi, R.2    Patten, K.O.3
  • 188
    • 0028974486 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric methyl bromide (CH3Br) from agricultural soil fumigations
    • Yagi K, Williams J, Wang N-Y, Cicerone RJ (1995) Atmospheric methyl bromide (CH3Br) from agricultural soil fumigations. Seience 267:1979-1981
    • (1995) Seience , vol.267 , pp. 1979-1981
    • Yagi, K.1    Williams, J.2    Wang, N.-Y.3    Cicerone, R.J.4
  • 189
    • 0030618514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylbromide emissions from agricultural fields: Bare-soil, deep injection
    • Yates SR, Wang D, Ernst FF, Gan J (1997) Methylbromide emissions from agricultural fields: bare-soil, deep injection. Environ Sei Technol 31: 1136-1143
    • (1997) Environ Sei Technol , vol.31 , pp. 1136-1143
    • Yates, S.R.1    Wang, D.2    Ernst, F.F.3    Gan, J.4
  • 191
    • 0001671052 scopus 로고
    • Serial gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric measurements of some volatile organic compounds in the Arctic atmosphere during the 1992 Polar Sunrise Experiment
    • Yokouchi Y, Akimoto H, Barrie LA, Bottenheim JW, Anlauf K, Jobson BT (1994) Serial gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric measurements of some volatile organic compounds in the Arctic atmosphere during the 1992 Polar Sunrise Experiment. J Geophys Res 99:25, 3 79-25, 389
    • (1994) J Geophys Res , vol.99 , pp. 25379-25389
    • Yokouchi, Y.1    Akimoto, H.2    Barrie, L.A.3    Bottenheim, J.W.4    Anlauf, K.5    Jobson, B.T.6
  • 192
    • 0029663088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seasonal variation of selected natural and anthropogenic halocarbons in the Arctic troposphere
    • Yokouchi Y, Barrie LA, Toom D, Akimoto H (1996) The seasonal variation of selected natural and anthropogenic halocarbons in the Arctic troposphere. Atmos Environ 30:1723-1727
    • (1996) Atmos Environ , vol.30 , pp. 1723-1727
    • Yokouchi, Y.1    Barrie, L.A.2    Toom, D.3    Akimoto, H.4
  • 194
    • 0030683602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, bromoform, and dibromomethane over the ocean (east and southeast Asian seas and the western Paeific)
    • Yokouchi Y, Mukai H, Yamamoto H, Otsuk A, Saitoh C, Nojiri Y (1997) Distribution of methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, bromoform, and dibromomethane over the ocean (east and southeast Asian seas and the western Paeific). J Geophys Res 102:8805-8809
    • (1997) J Geophys Res , vol.102 , pp. 8805-8809
    • Yokouchi, Y.1    Mukai, H.2    Yamamoto, H.3    Otsuk, A.4    Saitoh, C.5    Nojiri, Y.6
  • 195
    • 0034925063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric methyl iodide: High correlation with surface seawater temperature and its implications on the seato- air flux
    • Yokouchi Y, Nojiri Y, Barrie LA, Toom-Sauntry D, Fujinuma Y (2001) Atmospheric methyl iodide: high correlation with surface seawater temperature and its implications on the seato- air flux. J Geophys Res 106:12, 661-12, 668
    • (2001) J Geophys Res , vol.106 , pp. 12661-12668
    • Yokouchi, Y.1    Nojiri, Y.2    Barrie, L.A.3    Toom-Sauntry, D.4    Fujinuma, Y.5
  • 196
    • 0029769750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved estimate of the oceanic lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br
    • Yvon SA, Butler JH (1996) An improved estimate of the oceanic lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br. Geophys Res Lett 23:53-56
    • (1996) Geophys Res Lett , vol.23 , pp. 53-56
    • Yvon, S.A.1    Butler, J.H.2
  • 197
    • 0031148142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential effect of oceanic biological degradation on the lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br
    • Yvon-Lewis SA, Butler JH (1997) The potential effect of oceanic biological degradation on the lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br. Geophys Res Lett 24:1227-1230
    • (1997) Geophys Res Lett , vol.24 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Yvon-Lewis, S.A.1    Butler, J.H.2
  • 198
    • 0000447756 scopus 로고
    • Photochemistryofhalogens in the marine atmosphere
    • Zafiriou OC (1974) Photochemistryofhalogens in the marine atmosphere.J Geophys Res 79:2730-2732
    • (1974) J Geophys Res , vol.79 , pp. 2730-2732
    • Zafiriou, O.C.1
  • 199
    • 0030686629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of the reaction ofhydroxyl radicals with CH2Br2 and its implications in the atmosphere
    • Zhang D, Zhong J, Qui L (1997) Kinetics of the reaction ofhydroxyl radicals with CH2Br2 and its implications in the atmosphere. J Atmos Chem 27:209-215
    • (1997) J Atmos Chem , vol.27 , pp. 209-215
    • Zhang, D.1    Zhong, J.2    Qui, L.3
  • 200
    • 0027086116 scopus 로고
    • A temperature dependent kinetic study of the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with CH3Br
    • Zhang Z, Saini RD, Kurylo MJ, Huie RE (1992) A temperature dependent kinetic study of the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with CH3Br. Geophys Res Lett 19:2413-2416
    • (1992) Geophys Res Lett , vol.19 , pp. 2413-2416
    • Zhang, Z.1    Saini, R.D.2    Kurylo, M.J.3    Huie, R.E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.