Gas phase atmospheric bromine photochemistry

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 101, Issue D1, 1996, Pages 1505-1516

  Lary, D J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC BROMINE BUDGET; BROMINE; BROMINE CYCLE; GAS PHASE BROMINE; OZONE CATALYTIC LOSS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY;

EID: 0029731722     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/95JD02463     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anderson, D. E., The troposphere to stratosphere radiation field at twilight: A spherical model, Planet. Space Sci., 31 (12), 1,517-1,523, 1983.
2. Atkinson, R., D. L. Baulch, R. A. Cox, R. F. Hampson, J,A. Kerr and J. Troe, Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry - Supplement IV, IU-PAC subcommittee on gas kinetic data evaluation for atmospheric chemistry, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 21 (6), 1,125-1,568, 1992.
3. Baulch, D. L., J., Duxbury, S. J., Grant and D. C. Montague, Evaluated kinetic data for high temperature reactions. Volume 4 Homogeneous gas phase reactions of halogen and cyanide containing species, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 10, supplement 1,1-1, 1-721, 1981.
4. Berg, W. W., L. E. Heidt, W. Pollock, P. D. Sperry, R. J. Cicerone and E. S. Gladney, Brominated organic species in the Arctic atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 429-432, 1984.
5. 2, J. Geophys. Res., 100 (D8), 16,793-16,800, 1995.
6. Cicerone, R. J., L. E. Heidt and W. H. Pollock, Measurements of atmospheric methyl bromide and bromoform, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3,745-3,749, 1988.
7. 2, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 8, 425, 1976.
8. Crutzen, P. J., The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 320, 1970.
9. 2+M in the temperature range 263-343 K, Chem. Phys. Lett., 167 (5), 450-456, 1990.
10. DeMore, W. B., et al., Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, Evaluation Number 10, Jet Propul. Lab., Pasedena, Calif., Publ. 92-20, 1992.
11. DeMore, W. B., et al., Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, Evaluation Number 10, Jet Propul. Lab., Pasedena, Calif., Publication 94-26, 1994.
12. Fabian, P, R. Borchers and K. Kourtidis, Bromine-containing source gases during EASOE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21 (13), 1,219-1,222, 1994.
13. Fan, S. M. and LX J. Jacob, Surface ozone depletion in Arctic spring sustained by bromine reactions on aerosols, Nature, 359 (6395), 522-524, 1992.
14. Fisher, M. and D. J. Lary, Lagrangian four dimensional variational assimilation of chemical species, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121 (527), 1,681-1,704, 1995.
15. Garcia, R. R. and S. Solomon, A new numerical-model of the middle atmosphere: 2 - Ozone and related species, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D6), 12937-12951, 1994.
16. Gear, C. W., Numerical initial value problems in ordinary differential equations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs N.J., chap. 9, 1971.
17. Hanson, D. R. and A. R. Ravishankara, Heterogeneous chemistry of bromine species in sulphuric acid under stratospheric conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 385-388, 1995.
18. 2, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 15, 1,311-1,319, 1983.
19. Johnston, H. S., Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen oxide catalysts from supersonic transport exhausts, Science, 173, 517-522, 1971.
20. Kaye, J. A., S. A. Penkett and F. M., Ormond, Report on concentrations lifetimes and trends of CFCs halons and related species, NASA Ref. pub. 1339, 1994.
21. Lary, D. J. and J. A. Pyle, Diffuse radiation, twilight and photochemistry - I, J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 373-392, 1992.
22. Lary, D, J. and J. A. Pyle, Diffuse radiation, twilight and photochemistry - II, J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 393-406, 1992.
23. 2 on polar ozone photochemistry, J. Atmos. Chem., 21 (1), 61-79, 1995.
24. Lary, D. J., M. P., Chipperfield, R. Toumi and T. M. Lenton, Heterogeneous atmospheric bromine chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
25. 2, Chem. Phys. Lett., 69, 37-39, 1980.
26. McElroy, M. B., R. J. Salawitch, S. C. Wofsy, and J. A. Logan, , Reductions of antarctic ozone due to synergistic interactions of chlorine and bromine, Nature, 321 (6072), 759-762, 1986.
27. Meier, R. R., D. E. Anderson and M. Nicolet, The radiation field in the troposphere and stratosphere from 240 nm to 1000 nm: General analysis, Planet. Space Sci., 30 (9), 923-933, 1982.
28. 2 + BrO, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D11), 22,949-22,954, 1994.
29. Molina, M. J. and F. S. Rowland, Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine atom catalysed destruction of ozone, Nature, 249, 810-814, 1974.
30. Nicolet, M., R. R., Meier and D. E. Anderson, The radiation field in the troposphere and stratosphere from 240 nm to 1000 nm: Numerical analysis, Planet. Space Sci., 30 (9), 935-983, 1982.
31. 3P) + HOBr: Temperature dependence of the rate constant and importance of the reaction as an HOBr loss process, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22 (7), 827-830, 1995.
32. 2O, J. Phys. Chem., 99 (4), 1,143-1,150, 1995.
33. 2, Chemical Physics Letters, 77 (3), 476-479, 1981.
34. 2 reaction in the stratospheric chemistry of bromine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19 (23), 2,305-2,308, 1992.
35. Penkett, S. A., B. M. R., Jones, M. J., Rycroft and D. A., Simmons, An interhemispheric comparison of the concentrations of bromine compounds in the atmosphere, Nature, 318 (6046), 550-553, 1985.
36. Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling and B. P. Flannery, Numerical recipes in fortran - The art of scientific computing, 2nd. ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
37. Rasmussen, R. A. and M. A. K.Khalil, Gaseous bromine in the Arctic and Arctic haze, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11 (5), 433-436, 1984.
38. Reeves, C. E. and S. A.Penkett, An estimate of the anthropogenic contribution to methyl bromide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20 (15), 1563-1566, 1993.
39. Seery, D. J. and D. Britton, The continuous absorption spectra of chlorine, bromine, bromine chloride, iodine chloride and iodine bromide, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 2,263-2,266, 1964.
40. Singh, H. B., L. J. Salas and R. E. Stiles, Methyl halides in and over the Eastern Pacific (40°N-32°S), J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3,684-3,690, 1983.
41. Spencer, J. E. and F. S. Rowland, Bromine nitrate and its stratospheric significance, J. Phys. Chem., 82, 7-10, 1978.
42. Stoer, J. and R. Bulirsch, Introduction to numerical analysis, chap. 7, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980.
43. Stolarski, R. S. and R. J. Cicerone, Stratospheric chlorine: A possible sink for ozone, Canadian J. Chem., 52, 1,610-1,615, 1974.
44. 2 association reaction, temperature and pressure dependence in the falloff regime, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 25 (7), 521-537, 1993.
45. 2 → products over the temperature range 260-390 K, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 1,215-1,222, 1987.
46. 2 photolysis, Nature, 365, 37-39, 1993.
47. Yung, Y. L., J. P., Pinto, R. T., Watson and S. P. Sander, Atmospheric bromine and ozone perturbations in the lower stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 339-353, 1980.
48. World Meteorological Organisation, Scientific assessment of stratospheric ozone: 1988, WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Rep. 20, 1990.
49. World Meteorological Organisation, Scientific assessment of stratospheric ozone: 1991, WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Rep. 25, 1992.