E-cigarette puffing patterns associated with high and low nicotine e-liquid strength: Effects on toxicant and carcinogen exposure

BMC Public Health

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Cox, Sharon ^a   Kośmider, Leon ^b   McRobbie, Hayden ^c   Goniewicz, Maciej ^d   Kimber, Catherine ^e   Doig, Mira ^f   Dawkins, Lynne ^a  

^a LONDON SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (Poland)

^c QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^f ABS Laboratories Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Carcinogens; E cigarettes; E liquids; Electronic cigarette; ENDS; Nicotine; Puffing patterns; Puffing topography; Toxicants

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; NICOTINE;

ADDICTION; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; EXPOSURE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; URINE;

BEHAVIOR, ADDICTIVE; BIOMARKERS; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; NICOTINE; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 84987984969     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3653-1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Action on Smoking and Health (ASH). Ash fact sheet: Use of electronic cigarettes (vapourisers) among adults in Great Britain. 2016. www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH-891.pdf. Accessed 26 Aug 2016.
2. Herning RI, Jones RT, Bachman J, Mines AH. Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;18:187-9.
3. Strasser AA, Lerman C, Sanborn PM, Pickworth WB, Feldman EA. New lower nicotine cigarettes can produce compensatory smoking and increased carbon monoxide exposure. Drug Alc Depend. 2007;86:294-300.
4. Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Self titration of nicotine: evidence from the Scottish Heart Health Study. Addiction. 1993;88:821-30.
5. Ashton H, Watson DW. Puffing frequency and nicotine intake in cigarette smokers. Br Med J. 1970;3:679-81.
6. Benowitz NL, Jacob P. Nicotine and carbon monoxide intake from high and low yield cigarettes. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984;36:265-70.
7. Smith CJ, Perfetti TA, Garg R, Hansch C. IARC carcinogens reported in cigarette mainstream smoke and their calculated log P values. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003;41:807-17.
8. Lee YH, Gawron M, Goniewicz ML. Changes in puffing behavior among smokers who switched from tobacco to electronic cigarettes. Addict Behav. 2015;9:1-4.
9. Hua M, Yip H, Talbot P. Mining data on usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) from YouTube videos. Tob Control. 2013;22(2):103-6.
10. Ramôa CP, Hiler MM, Spindle TR, Lopez AA, Karaoghlanian N, Lipato T, Breland AB, Shihadeh A, Eissenberg T. Electronic cigarette nicotine delivery can exceed that of combustible cigarettes: a preliminary report. Tob Control. 2015;25(e1):e6-9.
11. Dawkins, Lynne E., et al. "Self-titration by experienced e-cigarette users: blood nicotine delivery and subjective effects." Psychopharmacology. 2016;233:1-9.
12. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosminder L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23(2):133-9.
13. Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Fik M, Knysak J, Zaciera M, Kurek J, Goniewicz ML. Carbonyl Compounds in Electronic Cigarette Vapors: Effects of Nicotine Solvent and Battery Output Voltage. Nic Tob Res. 2014;16(10):1319-26. 16.
14. Farsalinos KE, Voudris V, Poulas K. E cigarettes generate high levels of aldehydes only in 'dry puff'conditions. Addiction. 2015;110(8):1352-6.
15. Farsalinos KE, Kistler KA, Gillman G, Voudris V. Evaluation of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosol for the presence of selected inhalation toxins. Nic Tob Res. 2015;17(2):168-74.
16. Jensen RP, Luo W, Pankow JF, Strongin RM, Peyton DH. Hidden formaldehyde in e-cigarette aerosols. NEJM. 2015;372(4):392-4.
17. Schripp T, Markewitz D, Uhde E, Salthammer T. Does e cigarette consumption cause passive vaping? Indoor Air. 2013;23(1):25-31.
18. Dawkins L, Kimber C, Puwanesarasa Y, Soar K. First versus second generation electronic cigarettes: predictors of choice and effects on urge to smoke and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction. 2015;110(4):669-77.
19. Dawkins L, Corcoran O. Acute electronic cigarette use: nicotine delivery and subjective effects in regular users. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014;231(2):401-7.
20. Talih S, Balhas Z, Eissenberg T, Salman R, Karaoghlanian N, El Hellani A, Baalbaki R, Saliba N, Shihadeh A. Effects of user puff topography, device voltage, and liquid nicotine concentration on electronic cigarette nicotine yield: measurements and model predictions. Nic Tob Res. 2015;17(2):150-7.
21. Robinson RJ, Hensel EC, Morabito PN, Roundtree KA. Electronic Cigarette Topography in the Natural Environment. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):1-14.
22. Kosimider, L, Madej, D, Gawron, M, Sobczak, A. Influence of electronic cigarettes puffing regimes on amount of vaporized liquid. (In press).
23. West R, Hajek P. Evaluation of the mood and physical symptoms scale (MPSS) to assess cigarette withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004;177:195-99.
24. Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Prokopowicz A, Kurek J, Zaciera M, Knysak J, Smith D, Goniewicz ML. Cherry-flavoured electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalation irritant, benzaldehyde. Thorax. 2016;71(4):376-7.
25. Kośmider L, Sobczak A, Szołtysek-Bołdys I, Prokopowicz A, Skórka A, Abdulafeez O, Koszowski B. Assessment of nicotine concentration in electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquids and precision of dosing to aerosol. Przegl Lek. 2015;72(10):500-4.
26. Czogala J, Goniewicz ML, Fidelus B, Zielinska-Danch W, Travers MJ, Sobczak A. Secondhand exposure to vapors from electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(6):655-62.
27. Goniewicz ML, Kuma T, Gawron M, Knysak J, Kosmider L. Nicotine levels in electronic cigarettes. Nic Tob Res. 2013;15(1):158-66.
28. HSE EH40/2005 Workplace exposure limits. http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/media/departmental/healthsafetyenvironment/EH40-2011.pdf. Accessed 14 Sep 2016.
29. Behar RZ, Talbot P. Puffing topography and nicotine intake of electronic cigarette users. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117222.
30. Spindle TR, Breland AB, Karaoghlanian NV, Shihadeh AL, Eissenberg T. Preliminary results of an examination of electronic cigarette user puff topography: the effect of a mouthpiece-based topography measurement device on plasma nicotine and subjective effects. Nic Tob Res. 2014;19:ntu186.
31. Jarvis MJ, Russell MAH, Benowitz NL, Feyerabend C. Elimination of continine from body fuild: Implications for noninvasive measurement of tobacco smoke exposure. AJPH. 1988;78(6):696-8.
32. Etter JF, Due TV, Perneger TV. Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers. AJEP. 2000;151(3):251-8.