Type 2 Diabetes Medication Review

American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Volumn 351, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 342-355

  Sterrett, James J ^a   Bragg, Scott ^a   Weart, Charles Wayne ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Medications; Newer drugs; Pharmacotherapy; Systemic review; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; BIGUANIDE DERIVATIVE; BROMOCRIPTINE; COLESEVELAM; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN; SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2 INHIBITOR; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; INSULIN TREATMENT; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PHARMACEUTICAL CARE; PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SIDE EFFECT; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG UTILIZATION REVIEW; PROCEDURES; STANDARDS;

ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; COLESEVELAM HYDROCHLORIDE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG UTILIZATION REVIEW; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INSULIN;

EID: 84987617555     PISSN: 00029629     EISSN: 15382990     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.01.019     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. 1 Shaughnessy, A.F., Slawson, D.C., Bennett, J.H., Becoming an information master: a guidebook to the medical information jungle. J Fam Pract 39 (1994), 489–499.
2. 2 UK, Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:9131 (1998), 854–865.
3. 3 Ohkubo, Y., Kishikawa, H., Araki, E., et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 28:2 (1995), 103–117.
4. 4 Patel, A., MacMahon, S., Chalmers, J., et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358:24 (2008), 2560–2572.
5. 5 Ismail-Beigi, F., Craven, T., Banerji, M.A., et al. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet 376:9739 (2010), 419–430.
6. 6 Nathan, D.M., Cleary, P.A., Backlund, J.Y., et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 353:25 (2005), 2643–2653.
7. 7 Selvin, E., Marinopoulos, S., Berkenblit, G., et al. Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 141:6 (2004), 421–431.
8. 8 Holman, R.R., Paul, S.K., Matthews, D.R., et al. 10-Year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359 (2008), 1577–1589.
9. 9 Kooy, A., de Jager, J., Lehert, P., et al. Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 169:6 (2009), 616–625.
10. 10 Hayward, R.A., Reaven, P.D., Witala, W.L., et al. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 372 (2015), 2197–2206.
11. 11 Gaziano, JM, MD, MPH, Cincotta, AH, PHD, O'Connor, C.M., et al. Randomized clinical trial of quick-release Bromocriptine among patients with type 2 diabetes on overall safety and cardiovascular outcomes. Diabetes Care 33:7 (2010), 1503–1508.
12. 12 Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J.M., et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med, 2015, 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720.
13. 13 [Guideline] American Diabetes Association, Approaches to glycemic treatment. Sec. 7. In standards of medical care in diabetes—2016. Diabetes Care 39:suppl 1 (2016), S52–S59.
14. 14 Garber, A.J., Abrahamson, M.J., Barzilay, J.I., et al. AACE/ACE comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2015. Endocr Pract 21:4 (2015), 438–447.
15. 15 DeFronzo, R.A., Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 131 (1999), 281–303.
16. 16 Stang, M.R., Wysowski, D.K., Butler-Jones, D., Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users. Diabetes Care 22 (1999), 925–927.
17. 17 Salpeter, S.R., Greyber, E., Pasternak, G.A., et al. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(4), 2010, CD002967.
18. 18 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Glucophage XR (metformin hydrochloride) tablet. DailyMed [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2015]—Available from: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4a0166c7-7097-4e4a-9036-6c9a60d08fc6. Accessed September 24, 2015.
19. 19 Lipska, K.J., Bailey, C.J., Inzucchi, S.E., Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care 34:6 (2011), 1431–1437.
20. 20 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The management of type 2 diabetes: 2014 NICE Guidelines [Internet]. London, U.K., National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2014. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg87/. Accessed September 22, 2015.
21. 21 Harper W, Clement M, Goldenberg R, et al. Pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes: Canandian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: http://guidelines.diabetes.ca/browse/Chapter13. Accessed October 2, 2015.
22. 22 Hong, J., Zhang, Y., Lai, S., et al. Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes Care 36 (2013), 1304–1311.
23. 23 Boussageon, R., Supper, I., Bejan-Angoulvant, T., et al. Reappraisal of metformin efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Med, 9(4), 2012, e1001204.
24. 24 Ferrannini, E., The target of metformin in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 371:16 (2014), 1547–1548.
25. 25 GoodRx Inc, (2015). [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/goodrx/id485357017?mt=8. Accessed September 28, 2015.
26. 26 Niafar, M., Hai, F., Porhomayon, J., et al. The role of metformin on vitamin B12 deficiency: a meta-analysis review. Intern Emerg Med 10:1 (2015), 93–102.
27. 27 Langan, R.C., Zawistoski, K.J., Update on B12 deficiency. Am Fam Physician 83:12 (2011), 1425–1430.
28. 28 The Discovery of Insulin. Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/insulin/discovery-insulin.html. Accessed September 26, 2015.
29. 29 Standards of medical care in diabetes–2015. Diabetes Care 38:suppl 1 (2015), S1–S93.
30. 30 Kooy, A., Jager, J.D., Lehert, P., et al. Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 169:6 (2009), 616–625.
31. 31 Blonde, L., Merilainen, M., Karwe, V., et al. Patient-directed titration for achieving glycaemic goals using a once-daily basal insulin analogue: an assessment of two different fasting plasma glucose targets-the TITRATE study. Diabetes Obes Metab 11 (2009), 623–631.
32. 32 Toujeo U-300 [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC; 2015.
33. 33 Tresiba [package insert]. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk A/S; 2015.
34. 34 Ritzel, R., Roussel, R., Bolli, G.B., et al. Patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION 1, 2, and 3 studies: glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus glargine 100 U/mL in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 17 (2015), 859–867.
35. 35 Insulin Degludec and Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart [New Drug Applications]. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk Inc; 2015.
36. 36 Zinman, B., Philis-Tsimikas, A., Cariou, B., et al. Insulin degludec versus insulin glargine in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year, randomized, treat-to-target trial (BEGIN Once Long). Diabetes Care 35:12 (2012), 2464–2471.
37. 37 Rodbard, H.W., Visco, V.E., Andersen, H., et al. Treatment intensification with stepwise addition of prandial insulin aspart boluses compared with full basal-bolus therapy (FullSTEP Study): a randomised, treat-to-target clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2 (2014), 30–37.
38. 38 Sanofi-Aventis U.S. Afrezza. L.L.C. (Insulin human) inhalation powder. DailyMed [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2015]. Available from: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=76fb46f1-82db-40da-ba19-b3a7b0bd78ff. Accessed September 28, 2015.
39. 39 Reznik, Y., Cohen, O., Aronson, R., et al. Insulin pump treatment compared with multiple daily injections for treatment of type 2 diabetes (OpT2mise): a randomised open-label controlled trial. Lancet 384 (2014), 1265–1272.
40. 40 Byetta (exenatide) injection solution [package insert]. In. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc; Revised 2/2015.
41. 41 Bydureon (exenatide extended-release) injectable suspension [package insert]. In. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc; Revised 9/2015.
42. 42 Victoza (liraglutide) injection solution [package insert]. In. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk A/S; Revised 3/2015.
43. 43 Trulicity (dulaglutide) injection solution [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN:Eli Lilly & Co; Revised 3/2015.
44. 44 Tanzeum (albiglutide) injection [package insert]. GlaxoSmithKline LLC. Wilmington, DE. Revised 5/2015.
45. 45 Novo Nordisk Company Announcement. Novo Nordisk successfully completes second phase 3a trial with semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes. Available from: https://www.novonordisk.com/bin/getPDF.1954507.pdf. Published September 25, 2015. Accessed January 26, 2016.
46. 46 Buse, J.B., Nauck, M., Forst, T., et al. Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study. Lancet 381 (2013), 117–124.
47. 47 Buse, J.B., Rosenstock, J., Sesti, G., et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet 374 (2009), 39–47.
48. 48 Scott, D.A., Boye, K.S., Timlin, L., et al. A network meta-analysis to compare glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide once weekly or liraglutide once daily in comparison with insulin glargine, exenatide twice daily or placebo. Diabetes Obes Metab 15 (2013), 213–223.
49. 49 Dungan, K.M., Povedona, S.T., Forst, T., et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomized, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 384 (2014), 1349–1357.
50. 50 Saraiva, F.K., Sposito, A.C., Cardiovascular effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists cardiovascular diabetolgy. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 12, 2014, 142.
51. 51 Pfeffer MA, Lewis EF, Riddle MC, et al. The evaluation of lixisenatide in acute coronary syndrome—the results of the ELIXA trial. Symposium at the 75th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; Boston, MA; June 8, 2015.
52. 52 Egan, A.G., Blind, E., Dunder, K., et al. Pancreatic safety of incretin-based drugs-FDA and EMA assessment. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 794–797.
53. 53 Invokana (package insert). Titusville, NJ: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc; September 2015.
54. 54 Jardiance (package insert). Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim; June 2015.
55. 55 Farxiga (package insert). Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; March 2015.
56. 56 Cefalu, W.T., Leiter, L.A., Yoon, K., et al. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with (CANTATA-SU): 52 week results from a randomized, souble-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 382:9896 (2013), 941–950.
57. 57 Reilly, T.P., Graziano, M.J., Janovitz, E.B., et al. Carcinogenicity risk assessment supports the chronic safety of Dapagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Ther 5:1 (2014), 73–96, 10.1007/s13300-014-0053-3.
58. 58 Srivali, N., Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., et al. Acute pancreatitis in the use of canagliflozin: a rare side-effect of the novel therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Basic Clin Pharm 6:3 (2015), 101–102, 10.4103/0976-0105.160753.
59. 59 Chowdhary, M., Kabbani, A.A., Chhabra, A., Canagliflozin-induced pancreatitis: a rare side effect of a new drug. Ther Clin Risk Manag 11 (2015), 991–994, 10.2147/TCRM.S86641.
60. 60 FDA http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm459579.htm.
61. 61 Green, J., Bethel, A., Armstrong, P., et al. Effect of Sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373 (2015), 232–242.
62. 62 Scirica, B., Bhatt, D., Braunwald, E., et al. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 369 (2013), 1317–1326.
63. 63 Scirica, B., Braunwald, E., Raz, I., et al. Heart failure, Saxagliptin and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Randomized Trial. Circulation 130 (2014), 1579–1588.
64. 64 White, W., Cannon, C., Heller, S., et al. Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369 (2013), 1327–1335.
65. 65 Hampp, C., Borders-Hemphill, V., Money, D.G., et al. Use of antidiabetic drugs in the U.S., 2003-2012. Diabetes Care 37:5 (2014), 1367–1374.
66. 66 Hirst, J.A., Farmer, A.J., Dyar, A., et al. Estimating the effect of sulfonylurea on AbA1c in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 56 (2013), 973–984.
67. 67 Leese, G.P., Wang, J., Broomhall, J., et al. Frequency of severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency treatment in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based study of health service resource use. Diabetes Care 26:4 (2003), 1176–1180.
68. 68 Nissen, S.E., Wolski, K., Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 356 (2007), 2457–2471.
69. 69 Mahaffey, K.W., Hafley, G., Dickerson, S., et al. Results of a reevaluation of cardiovascular outcomes in the RECORD trial. Am Heart J 166 (2013), 240–249.
70. 70 Erdmann, E., Song, E., Spanheimer, R., et al. Observational follow-up of the PROactive study: a 6-year update. Diabetes Obes Metab 16 (2014), 63–74.
71. 71 Takeda Pharmaceuticals America Inc. Actos (pioglitazone hydrochloride) tablet. DailyMed [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2015]. Available from: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d2ddc491-88a9-4063-9150-443b4fa4330c. Accessed October 13, 2015.
72. 72 Ferwana, H., Firwana, B., Hasan, R., et al. Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of controlled studies. Diabet Med 30:9 (2013), 1026–1032.
73. 73 Mendes D, Alves C, Batel-Marques F. Number needed to harm in the post-marketing safety evaluation: results for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3874.
74. 74 Zhu, Z.N., Jiang, Y.F., Ding, T., Risk of fracture with thiazolidinediones: an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Bone 68 (2014), 115–123.
75. 75 Fong, D.S., Contreras, R., Glitazone use associated with diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 147 (2009), 583–586.
76. 76 Pijl, H., Ohashi, S., Matsuda, M., et al. Bromocriptine: a novel approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 23:8 (2000), 1154–1161.
77. 77 Hilaire C. STEPS: Bromocriptine Mesylate (Cycloset) for type 2 diabetes mellitus—American Family Physician. 2015. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0515/p718.html#afp20130515p718-b5. Accessed November 13, 2015.
78. 78 Aminorroaya, A., Janghorbani, M., Ramezani, M., et al. Does Bromocriptine improve glycemic control of obese type-2 diabetics?. Hormone Res 62:2 (2004), 55–59.
79. ®. Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp, Inc; November 13, 2015.
80. 80 Handelsman, Y., Role of bile acid sequestrants in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 34:suppl 2 (2011), S244–S250.
81. 81 Bays, H., Goldberg, R., Truitt, K., et al. Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin. Arch Intern Med, 168(18), 2008, 1975.
82. 82 Fonseca, V., Rosenstock, J., Wang, A., et al. Colesevelam HCl improves glycemic control and reduces LDL cholesterol in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on sulfonylurea-based therapy. Diabetes Care 31:8 (2008), 1479–1484.
83. 83 Goldberg, R., Efficacy and safety of Colesevelam in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control receiving insulin-based therapy. Arch Intern Med, 168(14), 2008, 1531.
84. 84 Ooi, C., Loke, S., Colesevelam for type 2 diabetes mellitus: an abridged Cochrane review. Diabet Med 31:1 (2013), 2–14.