Professional training as a strategy for staff development:A study in training transfer in the Lebanese context

European Journal of Training and Development

Volumn 36, Issue 2-3, 2012, Pages 158-178

  Garavan, Thomas N ^a   Dirani, Khalil M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Lebanon; Professional training programmes; Training; Training transfer; Work environment; Working conditions

Indexed keywords

EID: 84986146394     PISSN: 20469012     EISSN: 20469020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/03090591211204698     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Alvarez, K., Salas, E. and Garofano, C.M. (2004), “An integrated model of training evaluation and effectiveness”, Human Resource Development Review, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 385-416.
2. Argyris, C. and Schon, D. (1978), Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
3. Ashton, D. and Green, F. (1996), Education, Training and the Global Economy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
4. Baldwin, T. and Ford, J. (1988), “Transfer of training: a review and directions for future research”, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 41, pp. 63-105.
5. Baldwin, T.T. and Magjuka, R.J. (1991), “Organizational training and signals of importance: linking pre-training perceptions to intentions to transfer”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 2, pp. 25-36.
6. Barrie, J. and Pace, R.W. (1998), “Learning for organizational effectiveness: philosophy of education and human resource development”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 9 No. 39, pp. 39-54.
7. Bates, R.A. (2003), “Managers as transfer agents: improving learning transfer in organizations”, in Baldwin, T.T. and Holton, E.F. (Eds), Improving Learning Transfer in Organizations, Jossey Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA, pp. 243-70.
8. Blume, B., Ford, J., Baldwin, T. and Huang, J. (2010), “Transfer of training: a meta-analysis review”, Journal of Management, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 1065-105.
9. Buckley, R. and Caple, J. (2007), The Theory and Practice of Training, 5th ed., Kogan-Page, London.
10. Cascio, W.F. (2000), Costing Human Resources: The Financial Impact of Behavior in Organizations, 4th ed., South-Western, Cincinnati, OH.
11. Cheater, A.P. (1987), “The anthropologist as citizen: the diffracted self”, in Jackson, A. (Ed.), Anthropology at Home, Tavistock, London, pp. 164-79.
12. Cheng, E.W.L. and Hampson, I. (2008), “Transfer of training: a review and new insights”, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 10, pp. 327-41.
13. Cogner, J.A. (1992), “The brave new world of leadership training”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 19-30.
14. Cohen, D.J. (1990), “What motivates trainees?”, Training and Development Journal, Vol. 44 No. 11, pp. 91-3.
15. Colaizzi, P.F. (1978), “Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it”, in Valle, R.S. and King, M. (Eds), Existential Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
16. Colquitt, J.A., LePine, J.R. and Noe, R.A. (2000), “Trainee attributes and attitudes revisited: a meta-analysis of research on training motivation”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85 No. 5, pp. 678-707.
17. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G. (2009), Organization Development and Change, Thompson Southwestern, Mason, OH.
18. Dirani, K.M. (2006), “Exploring socio-cultural factors that influence HRD practices in Lebanon”, Human Resource Development International, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 85-98.
19. Dirani, K.M. (2007), “Individualism and collectivism: predictors for social patterns and cultural frameworks for international management and human resources development models”, Proceedings of the Academy of Human Resource Development, AHRD, Indianapolis, IN.
20. Dirani, K.M. (2011), “Training transfer and retention: measuring the effect of a professional training program as tool for staff development”, paper submitted to the 2011 University Forum of HRD Conference Proceedings, Gloucester.
21. Dirkx, J.M. (1997), “Human resource development as adult education: fostering the educative workplace”, in Rowden, R. (Ed.), Workplace Learning: Debating Five Critical Questions of Theory and Practice, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, pp. 41-7.
22. Dolezalek, H. (2004), “TRAINING annual industry report”, TRAINING Magazine, Vol. 42 No. 10, available at: www.trainingmag.com (accessed 24 September 2010).
23. Ericsson, K.A. and Charness, N. (1994), “Expert performance: its structure and acquisition”, American Psychologist, Vol. 49 No. 8, pp. 725-47.
24. Green, F. (1997), “Review of information on the benefits of training for employees”, Research Report No. 7, DfEE, Sheffield.
25. Hair, J.F. Jr, Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
26. Hawley, J.D. and Barnard, J.K. (2005), “Work environment characteristics and implications for training transfer: a case study of the nuclear power industry”, Human Resource Development International, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 65-80.
27. Heyes, J. and Stuart, M. (1996), “Does training matter? Employee experiences and attitudes”, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 7-21.
28. Hofstede, G. (1993), “Cultural constraints in management theories”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 81-94.
29. Holton, E.F. III (2005), “Holton's evaluation model: new evidence and construct elaborations”, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 37-54.
30. Holden, N.J. and Cooper, C. (1994), “Russian managers as learners: implications for theories of management learning”, Management Learning, Vol. 8, pp. 503-22.
31. Holton, E. and Baldwin, T. (2000), “Making transfer happen: an action perspective on learning transfer systems”, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 8, pp. 1-6.
32. Holton, E.F. III (1996), “The flawed four level evaluation model”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 7, pp. 5-21.
33. Holton, E.F. III, Bates, R.A. and Ruona, W.E.A. (2000), “Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 333-60.
34. Jabbra, J. (1989), Bureaucracy and Development in the Arab World, E.J. Brill, Leiden.
35. Kavanagh, M.J. (1998), “Transfer of training: a multi-stage model designed for practical use by organizations”, in Scholz, C. and Zentes, J. (Eds), Strategisches Euro-Management, Schaffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart, pp. 301-21.
36. Keep, E. (1989), “Corporate training: the vital component”, Human Resource Management, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 5-21.
37. Knowles, M.S. (1970), The Modern Practice of Adult Education: Andragogy versus Pedagogy, Follett, Chicago, IL.
38. Knowles, M.S., Holton, E.F. and Swanson, R.A. (1998), The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX.
39. Lance, C.E., Kavanagh, M.J. and Brink, K.E. (2002), “Retraining climate as a predictor of retraining success and as a moderator of the relationship between cross-job retraining time estimates and time to proficiency in the new job”, Group and Organization Management, Vol. 27, pp. 294-317.
40. Lang, D. and Wittig-Berman, U. (2000), “Managing work-related learning for employee and organizational growth”, S.A.M., Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 65 No. 4.
41. Lang, R. and Steger, T. (2002), “The odyssey of management knowledge to transforming societies: a critical review of a theoretical alternative”, Human Resource Development International, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 279-94.
42. Lincoln, Y.S. and Guba, E.G. (1985), Naturalistic Inquiry, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA.
43. Marquardt, M.J. (1995), Building the Learning Organization, Davis-Black, Palo Alto, CA.
44. Merriam, S.B. and Brockett, R.G. (1997), The Profession and Practice of Adult Education: An Introduction, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
45. Merriam, S.B. and Leahy, B. (2005), “Learning transfer: a review of the research in adult education and training”, Journal of Lifelong Learning, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 1-24.
46. Montesino, M.U. (2002), “Strategic alignment of training, transfer-enhancing behaviors, and training usage: a post training study”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 89-108.
47. Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. and Poter, L.W. (1979), “The measurement of organizational commitment”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 14, pp. 224-47.
48. Noe, R.A. (1986), “Trainees' attributes and attitudes: neglected influences on training effectiveness”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 736-49.
49. Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M. (2006), Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Irwin, Boston, MA.
50. Orpen, C. (1999), “The influence of the trainee environment on trainee motivation and perceived training quality”, International Journal of Training and Development, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 34-43.
51. Prais, S.J. (1995), Productivity, Education and Training: An International Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
52. Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P. (1995), Improving Performance: How to Manage the White Space on the Organization Chart, 2nd ed., Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
53. Russ-Eft, D. (2002), “A typology of training design and work environment factors affecting workplace learning and transfer”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 45-64.
54. Russ-Eft, D., Dickison, P. and Levine, R. (2010), “Taking the pulse of training transfer: instructor quality and EMT certification examination results”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 291-306.
55. Senge, P.M. (1990), The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY.
56. Swanson, R.A. (1995), “Human resource development: performance is the key”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 62 No. 2, pp. 207-13.
57. Tracey, J.B. and Tews, M.J. (2005), “Construct validity of a general training climate scale”, Organizational Research Methods, Vol. 8, pp. 353-74.
58. Tracey, J.B., Tannenbaum, S.I. and Kavanagh, M.J. (1995), “Applying trained skills on the job: the importance of the work environment”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 80, pp. 239-52.
59. Tziner, A., Haccoun, R.R. and Kadish, A. (1991), “Personal and situational characteristics influencing the effectiveness of transfer of training improvement strategies”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 64, pp. 167-77.
60. Velada, R. and Caetano, A. (2007), “Training transfer: the mediating role of perception of learning”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 31, pp. 283-96.
61. Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (1997), Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (Survey), Partners for the Learning Organization, Warwick, RI.
62. Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (Eds) (2003), “Make learning count! Diagnosing the earning culture in organizations”, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 5 No. 2.
63. Weiss, H.M. (1990), “Learning theory and industrial and organizational psychology”, in Dunnette, M.D. and Hough, L.M. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 1, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 171-221.
64. Wexley, K.N. and Latham, G.P. (2002), Developing and Training Human Resources in Organizations, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
65. Dirani, K.M. (2009), “Measuring the learning organization culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the Lebanese banking sector”, Human Resource Development International, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 189-208.
66. Holton, E.F. and Baldwin, T.T. (2003), Improving Learning Transfer in Organizations, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA.
67. Kolb, D.A. (1984), Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.