Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2016, Issue 8, 2016, Pages

  Smith, Hazel A ^a   Becker, Genevieve E ^b  

^a OUR LADY S CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

^b BEST Services   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BABY FOOD; BREAST FEEDING; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD GROWTH; FLUID INTAKE; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT MORTALITY; NEWBORN; NEWBORN JAUNDICE; NEWBORN MORBIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; ADVERSE EFFECTS; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; DIETARY SUPPLEMENT; META ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TERM BIRTH; TIME FACTOR;

CARBOHYDRATE DIET; DRINKING WATER; GLUCOSE;

BREAST FEEDING; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; DRINKING WATER; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT FOOD; INFANT, NEWBORN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; TERM BIRTH; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84984662479     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006462.pub4     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Canahuati J, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Determinants of growth from birth to 12 months among breast-fed Honduran infants in relation to age of introduction of complementary foods. Pediatrics 1995;96(3 Pt 1):504-10.
2. Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Canahuati J, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Effects of age of introduction of complementary foods on infant breast milk intake, total energy intake, and growth: a randomised intervention study in Honduras. Lancet 1994;344(8918):288-93.
3. Cohen RJ, Rivera LL, Canahuati J, Brown KH, Dewey KG. Delaying the introduction of complementary food until 6 months does not affect appetite or mother's report of food acceptance of breast-fed infants from 6 to 12 months in a low income, Honduran population. Journal of Nutrition 1995;125(11):2787-92.
4. Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL. Effects of exclusive breastfeeding for four versus six months on maternal nutritional status and infant motor development: results of two randomized trials in Honduras. Journal of Nutrition 2001;131(2):262-7.
5. Perez-Escamilla R, Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL, Canahuati J, Dewey KG. Maternal anthropometric status and lactation performance in a low-income Honduran population: evidence for the role of infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1995;61:528-34.
6. Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months in Honduras: attitudes of mothers and barriers to compliance. Journal of Human Lactation 1999;15:9-18.
7. Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Brown KH. Exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months, with iron supplementation, maintains adequate micronutrient status among term, low-birthweight, breast-fed infants in Honduras. Journal of Nutrition 2004;134(5):1091-8.
8. Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL. Age of introduction of complementary foods and growth of term, low-birth-weight, breast-fed infants: a randomized intervention study in Honduras. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;69:679-86.
9. Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL. Effects of exclusive breastfeeding for four versus six months on maternal nutritional status and infant motor development: results of two randomised trials in Honduras. Journal of Nutrition 2001;131:262-7.
10. Flaherman VJ, Aby J, Burgos AE, Lee KA, Cabana MD, Newman TB. Effect of early limited formula on duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding in at-risk infants: an RCT. Pediatrics 2013;131(6):1059-65.
11. Jonsdottir OH. The effects of diet during the first six months of life on health outcomes in infancy and early childhood. [thesis] 2013.
12. Jonsdottir OH, Fewtrell MS, Gunnlaugsson G, Kleinman RE, Hibberd PL, Jonsdottir JM, et al. Initiation of complementary feeding and duration of total breastfeeding: unlimited access to lactation consultants versus routine care at the well-baby clinics. Breastfeeding Medicine 2014;9(4):196-202.
13. Jonsdottir OH, Kleinman RE, Wells JC, Fewtrell MS, Hibberd PL, Gunnlaugsson G, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4 versus 6 months and growth in early childhood. Acta Paediatrica 2014;103(1):105-11.
14. Jonsdottir OH, Thorsdottir I, Gunnlaugsson G, Fewtrell MS, Hibberd PL, Kleinman RE. Exclusive breastfeeding and developmental and behavioral status in early childhood. Nutrients 2013;5(11):4414-28.
15. Jonsdottir OH, Thorsdottir I, Hibberd PL, Fewtrell MS, Wells JC, Palsson GI, et al. Timing of the introduction of complementary foods in infancy: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2012;130(6):1038-45.
16. Wells JCK, Jonsdottir OH, Hibberd PL, Fewtrell MS, Thorsdottir I, Eaton S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of 4 compared with 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding in Iceland: Differences in breast-milk intake by stable-isotope probe. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012;96(1):73-9.
17. Lindfors A, Enocksson E. Development of atopic disease after early administration of cow milk formula. Allergy 1988;43:11-6.
18. Lindfors ATB, Danielsson L, Enocksson E, Johansson SGO, Westin S. Allergic symptoms up to 4-6 years of age in children given cow milk neonatally. Allergy 1992;47:207-11.
19. Martin-Calama J, Bunuel J, Valero MT, Labay M, Lasarte JJ, Valle F, et al. The effect of feeding glucose water to breastfeeding newborns on weight, body temperature, blood glucose, and breastfeeding duration. Journal of Human Lactation 1997;13:209-13.
20. Nicoll A, Ginsburg R, Tripp JH. Supplementary feeding and jaundice in newborns. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 1982;71:759-61.
21. Ojofeitimi EO, Elegbe IA. The effect of early initiation of colostrum feeding on proliferation of intestinal bacteria in neonates. Clinical Pediatrics 1982;21:39-42.
22. ISRCTN14254740 Early introduction of allergenic foods to induce tolerance in infants [Randomised controlled trial of early introduction of allergenic foods to induce tolerance in infants]. controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN14254740 Date first received: 31 March 2009.
23. Perkin MR, Logan K, Craven J, Marrs T, Radulovic S, Flohr C, et al. Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study: feasibility of an early allergenic food and impact on breastfeeding. Clinical and Translational Allergy 2015;5(Suppl 3):O6.
24. Perkin MR, Logan K, Marrs T, Radulovic S, Craven J, Flohr C, et al. Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study: feasibility of an early allergenic food introduction regimen. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016;137(5):1477-1486.e8.
25. Perkin MR, Logan K, Tseng A, Raji B, Ayis S, Peacock J, et al. Randomized trial of introduction of allergenic foods in breast-fed infants. New England Journal of Medicine 2016;374:1733-4. [DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1514210]
26. Schutzman DL, Hervada AR, Branca PA. Effect of water supplementation of full-term newborns on arrival of milk in the nursing mother. Clinical Pediatrics 1986;25(2):78-80.
27. Straňák Z, Feyereislova S, Černá M, Kollárová J, Feyereisl J. Limited amount of formula may facilitate breastfeeding: randomized, controlled trial to compare standard clinical practice versus limited supplemental feeding. PLoS One 2016;11(2):e0150053.
28. Bannert N, Lamme W. Influence of supplementary feeding on the breast feeding of newborns. Sozialpadiatrie und Kinderartzliche 1995;17:502-5.
29. Cameron SL, Heath AM, Gray AR, Churcher B, Davies RS, Newlands A, et al. Lactation consultant support from late pregnancy with an educational intervention at 4 months of age delays the introduction of complementary foods in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutrition 2015;145:1481-90.
30. Collins CT, Ryan P, Crowther CA, McPhee AJ, Paterson S, Hiller JE. Effect of bottles, cups, and dummies on breast feeding in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004;329(7459):193-8.
31. Corchia C, Ruiu M, Orzalesi M. Breast-feeding and hyperbilirubinemia in full-term newborn infants. Pediatrics 1985;75:617-8.
32. Cronenwett L, Stukel T, Kearney M, Barrett J, Covington C, Del Monte K, et al. Single daily bottle use in the early weeks postpartum and breastfeeding outcomes. Pediatrics 1992;90(5):760-6.
33. De Carvalho M, Hall M, Harvey DR. Effects of water supplementation on physiological jaundice in breast-fed babies. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1981;56:568-9.
34. deJong MH, Scharp-van der Linden VTM, Aalberse RC, Oosting J, Tijssen JGP, de Groot CJ. Randomised controlled trial of brief neonatal exposure to cows' milk on the development of atopy. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1998;79(2):126-30.
35. Nunes LM, Giugliani ER, Santo LC, de Oliveira LD. Reduction of unnecessary intake of water and herbal teas on breast-fed infants: a randomized clinical trial with adolescent mothers and grandmothers. Journal of Adolescent Health 2011;49(3):258-65.
36. de Oliveira LD, Giugliani ERJ, Santo LCDE, Nunes LM. Impact of a strategy to prevent the introduction of non-breast milk and complementary foods during the first 6 months of life: a randomized clinical trial with adolescent mothers and grandmothers. Early Human Development 2012;88(6):357-61.
37. Du Toit G. Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy, the LEAP Study. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;372:803-13.
38. NCT01330667 Effect of early limited formula on total serum bilirubin among newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01330667 Date first recieved: 23 February 2011.
39. French GM, Nicholson L, Skybo T, Klein EG, Schwirian PM, Murray-Johnson L, et al. An evaluation of mother-centered anticipatory guidance to reduce obesogenic infant feeding behaviors. Pediatrics 2012;130(3):e507-e517.
40. Gray-Donald K, Kramer MS, Munday S, Leduc DG. Effect of formula supplementation in the hospital on the duration of breast-feeding: a controlled clinical trial. Pediatrics 1985;75:514-8.
41. Howard CR, Howard FM, Lanphear B, Eberly S, DeBlieck EA, Oakes D, et al. Randomized clinical trial of pacifier use and bottle-feeding or cupfeeding and their effect on breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2003;111(3):511-8.
42. Howard CR, Howard FM, Lanphear BP, Eberly S, Oakes D, Lawrence RA. Complementary feeding methods for breastfed babies. A randomized trial of cup versus bottle and the effect on breastfeeding success. Pediatric Research 2001;49(4):161A.
43. Juvonen P, Mansson M, Andersson C, Jakobsson I. Allergy development and macromolecular absorption in infants with different feeding regimens during the first three days of life. A three-year prospective follow-up. Acta Paediatrica 1996;85(9):1047-52.
44. Kearney MH, Cronenwett LR, Barrett JA. Breast-feeding problems in the first week postpartum. Nursing Research 1990;39:90-5.
45. Kimani-Murage EW, Kyobutungi C, Ezeh AC, Wekesah F, Wanjohi M, Muriuki P, et al. Effectiveness of personalised, home-based nutritional counselling on infant feeding practices, morbidity and nutritional outcomes among infants in Nairobi slums: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2013;14:445.
46. Krebs NF, Sherlock LG, Westcott J, Culbertson D, Hambidge KM, Feazel LM, et al. Effects of different complementary feeding regimens on iron status and enteric microbiota in breastfed infants. Journal of Pediatrics 2013;163(2):416-23.
47. Ly CT, Diallo A, Simondon F, Simondon KB. Early short-term infant food supplementation, maternal weight loss and duration of breast-feeding: a randomised controlled trial in rural Senegal. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006;60(2):265-71.
48. Marinelli KA, Burke GS, Dodd VL. A comparison of the safety of cup feedings and bottle feedings in premature infants whose mothers intend to breastfeed. Journal of Perinatology 2001;21:350-5.
49. Mosley C, Whittle C, Hicks C. A pilot study to assess the viability of a randomised controlled trial of methods of supplementary feeding of breast-fed pre-term babies. Midwifery 2001;17:150-7.
50. Olaya A, Lawson M, Fewtrell S. Efficacy and safety of new complementary feeding guidelines with an emphasis on red meat consumption: a randomized trial in Bogota, Colombia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2013;98(4):983-93.
51. Rosegger H, Purstner P. Supplementation with fully adapted milk substitute or calorie-free tea in the first days of life. Effect on drinking behavior and some measurements in mature healthy newborns [Zufutterung von volladaptierter Kunstmilch oder kalorienlosem Tee in den ersten Lebenstagen. Effekt auf das Trinkverhalten und einige Messwerte beim reifen gesunden Neugeborenen.]. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 1985;97:411-4.
52. Rosegger H. Supplementation of 13% maltodextrine-solution vs fully adapted formula during the first four days of life: influence on some characteristics observed and measured in mature breast fed infants. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 1986;98:310-5.
53. Saarinen KM, Juntunen-Backman K, Järvenpää AL, Kuitunen P, Lope L, Renlund M, et al. Supplementary feeding in maternity hospitals and the risk of cow's milk allergy: A prospective study of 6209 infants. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999;104(2 Pt 1):457-61.
54. Sachdev HPS, Krishna J, Puri RK, Satyanarayana L, Kumar S. Water supplementation in exclusively breastfed infants during summer in the tropics. Lancet 1991;337:929-33.
55. Schiess SA, Grote V, Scaglioni S, Luque V, Martin F, Stolarczyk A, et al. Intake of energy providing liquids during the first year of life in five European countries. Clinical Nutrition 2010;29(6):726-32.
56. Schmitz J, Digeon B, Chastang C, Dupouy D, Leroux B, Robillard P, et al. Effects of brief early exposure to partially hydrolyzed and whole cow milk proteins. Journal of Pediatrics 1992;121:s85-9.
57. Kind C, Schubiger G, Schwarz U, Tonz O. Provision of supplementary fluids to breast fed infants and later breast feeding success. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology 2000;478:347-54.
58. Schubiger G, Schwarz U, Tonz O. UNICEF/WHO baby-friendly hospital initiative: Does the use of bottles and pacifiers in the neonatal nursery prevent successful breastfeeding?. European Journal of Pediatrics 1997;156:874-7.
59. Simondon KB, Gartner A, Berger J, Cornu A, Massamba JP, San Miguel JL, et al. Effect of early, short-term supplementation on weight and linear growth of 4-7-mo-old infants in developing countries: a four-country randomized trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1996;64(4):537-45.
60. Ziegler EE, Fomon SJ, Nelson SE, Jeter JM, Theuer RC. Dry cereals fortified with electrolytic iron or ferrous fumarate are equally effective in breast-fed infants. Journal of Nutrition 2011;141(2):243-8.
61. NCT02313181 Early limited formula for treating lactation concerns. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02313181 Date first received: 5 December 2014.
62. NCT02221167 Rx Milk study of donor milk supplementation to improve breastfeeding outcomes. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02221167 Date first received: 18 August 2014.
63. American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2012;129:e827-e841.
64. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. Clinical Protocol Number 3: hospital guidelines for the use of supplementary feedings in the healthy, term breastfed neonate. www.bfmed.org/Resources/Protocols.aspx (accessed 2011).
65. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. Educational objectives and skills for the physician with respect to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Medicine 2011;6(2):99-105.
66. Wight N, Marinelli KA, The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. ABM clinical protocol #1: guidelines for blood glucose monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in term and late-preterm neonates, revised 2014. Breastfeeding Medicine 2014;9(4):173-9.
67. Akuse RM, Obinya EA. Why healthcare workers give prelacteal feeds. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002;56(8):729-34.
68. Almroth S, Bidinger PD. No need for water supplementation for exclusively breast-fed infants under hot and arid conditions. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1990;84(4):602-4.
69. Amato M, Howald H, Von Muralt G. Interruption of breast-feeding versus phototherapy as treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in full term infants. Helvetica Paediatrica Acta 1985;40(2-3):127-31.
70. Arifeen S, Black RE, Antelman G, Gaqui A, Caulfield L, Becker S. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory disease and diarrhoea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums. Pediatrics 2001;108(4):E67.
71. Bai YK, Middlestadt SE, Joanne Peng CY, Fly AD. Psychosocial factors underlying the mothers decision to continue exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months: an elicitation study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2009;22(2):134-40.
72. Ballard O, Morrow AL. Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2013;60:49-74.
73. Biro MA, Sutherland GA, Yelland JS, Hardy P, Brown SJ. In-hospital formula supplementation of breastfed babies: a population based study. Birth 2011;38(4):302-10.
74. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis P, et al. Maternal and child under nutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2013;382:427-51.
75. Blomquist HK, Jonsbo F, Serenius F, Persson LA. Supplementary feeding in the maternity ward shortens the duration of breastfeeding. Acta Paediatrica 1994;83(11):1122-6.
76. Blyth R, Creedy D, Dennis CL, Moyle W, Pratt J, DeVries S. Effect of maternal confidence on breastfeeding duration: an application of breastfeeding self-efficacy theory. Birth 2004;29(4):278-84.
77. Boyle RJ, Ierodiakonou D, Khan T, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, et al. Hydrolysed formula and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease:systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2016;352:i974.
78. Brodribb W. Breastfeeding and Australian GP registrars - their knowledge and attitudes. Journal of Human Lactation 2008;24:422-30.
79. Brodribb W. Barriers to translating evidence-based breastfeeding information into practice. Acta Paediatrica 2011;100:486-90.
80. Brown K, Black R, DeRomana GL, DeKanashiro HC. Infant feeding practices and their relationship with diarrhoeal and other diseases in Huascar (Lima) Peru. Pediatrics 1989;83(1):31-40.
81. Chantry C, Howard C, Auinger P. Full breastfeeding duration and associated decrease in respiratory tract infection in US children. Pediatrics 2006;117(2):425-32.
82. Chantry CJ, Dewey KG, Peerson MS, Wagner EA, Nommsen-Rivers LA. In-hospital formula use increases early breastfeeding cessation among first-time mothers intending to exclusively breastfeed. Journal of Pediatrics 2014 [online ahead of print].
83. Chen A, Rogan WJ. Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States. Pediatrics 2004;113(5):e435-9.
84. Chezem J, Friesen C, Montgomery P, Fortman T, Clark H. Lactation duration: influences of human milk replacements and formula samples on women planning postpartum employment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 1998;27(6):646-51.
85. Cloherty M, Alexander J, Holloway I. Supplementing breast fed babies in the UK to protect their mothers from tiredness or distress. Midwifery 2004;20(2):194-204.
86. Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months in Honduras: attitudes of mothers and barriers to compliance. Journal of Human Lactation 1999;15:9-18.
87. DaMota K, Bañuelos J, Goldbronn J, Vera-Beccera LE, Heinig MJ. Maternal for in-hospital supplementation of healthy breastfed infants among low-income women. Journal of Human Lactation 2012;28:476-82.
88. Davies-Adetugbo AA, Adetugbo K, Orewole Y, Fabiyi AK. Breast-feeding promotion in a diarrhoea programme in rural communities. Journal of Diarrhoeal Disease Research 1997;15(3):161-6.
89. De Onis M, Garza C, Victora CG, Onyango AW, Frongillo EA, Martines J, et al. The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: planning, study design and methodology. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2004;25(Suppl 1):S15-S26.
90. Feachem R, Koblinsky M. Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal disease among young children: promotion of breastfeeding. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1984;62(2):271-91.
91. Furber C, Thompson A. 'Breaking the rules' in baby-feeding practice in the UK: deviance and good practice?. Midwifery 2006;22(4):365-76.
92. Furman L. Early limited formula Is not ready for prime time. Pediatrics 2013;131(6):1182-3.
93. Gagnon A, Leduc G, Waghorn K, Yang H, Platt R. In-hospital formula supplementation of healthy breastfeeding newborns. Journal of Human Lactation 2005;21(4):397-405.
94. Gielen A, Faden R, O'Campo P, Brown C, Paige D. Maternal employment during the early postpartum period: effects on initiation and continuation of breast-feeding. Pediatrics 1991;87(3):298-305.
95. Giovannini M, Riva E, Banderali G, Salvioni M, Radaelli G, Agostoni C. Exclusive versus predominant breastfeeding in Italian maternity wards and feeding practices through the first year of life. Journal of Human Lactation 2005;21(3):259-65.
96. Glover J, Sandilands M. Supplementation of breastfeeding infants and weight loss in hospital. Journal of Human Lactation 1990;6(4):163-6.
97. Graffy J. Mothers' attitudes to and experience of breast feeding: a primary care study. British Journal of General Practice 1992;42(355):61-4.
98. Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Peerson JM, Lonnerdal B, Dewey KG. Intake and growth of breast-fed and formula-fed infants in relation to the timing of introduction of complementary foods: the DARLING study. Acta Paediatrica 1993;82(12):999-1006.
99. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Higgins JPT, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
100. Hoddinott P, Pill R. Nobody actually tells you: a study of infant feeding. British Journal of Midwifery 1999;7(9):558-65.
101. Hormann E. Reducing the risk for formula-fed infants: examining the guidelines. Birth 2010;37(1):72-6.
102. Hornell A, Hofvander Y, Kylberg E. Solids and formula: association with pattern and duration of breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2001;107(3):e38.
103. Horta BL, Bahl R, Martines JC, Victora CG. Evidence on the long-term effects of breastfeeding: systematic reviews and meta-analysis. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2007.
104. Horta BL, Victora CG. Long-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic review. Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva 2013.
105. Horta BL, Victora CG. Short-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic review on the benefits of breastfeeding on diarrhoea and pneumonia mortality. Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva 2013.
106. Houston MJ, Howie PW, McNeilly AS. The effect of extra fluid intake by breast fed babies in hospital on the duration of breastfeeding. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 1984;2(1):42-8.
107. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Chew P, Magula N, DeVine D, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 153 (Prepared by Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center, under Contract No. 290-02-0022). Vol. AHRQ Publication No. 07-E007, Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007.
108. Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS, Bellagio Child Survival Study Group. How many child deaths can we prevent this year?. Lancet 2003;362(9377):65-71.
109. Kramer M, Guo T, Platt R, Sevkovskaya Z, Dzikovich I, Collet JP, et al. Infant growth and health outcomes associated with 3 compared with 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003;78(2):291-5.
110. Kramer M, Kakuma R. Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 8. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003517]
111. Kurinij N, Shiono PH. Early formula supplementation of breast-feeding. Pediatrics 1991;88(4):745-50.
112. Labbok M, Starling A. Definitions of breastfeeding: call for the development and use of consistent definitions in research and peer-reviewed literature. Breastfeeding Medicine 2012;7(6):397-402.
113. Ladomenou F, Kafatos A, Galanakis E. Risk factors related to intention to breastfeed, early weaning and suboptimal duration of breastfeeding. Acta Paediatrica 2007;96(10):1441-4.
114. Leon-Cava N, Lutter C, Ross J, Martin L. Quantifying the benefits of breastfeeding: a summary of the evidence. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC 2002.
115. McNiel ME, Labbok MH, Abrahams SW. What are the risks associated with formula feeding? A re-analysis and review. Birth 2010;37(1):50-8.
116. Merewood A. Of elves and ethics: first, do no harm. Journal of Human Lactation 2013;29(4):443.
117. Mulford C. Swimming upstream: breastfeeding care in a non-breastfeedtng culture. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 1995;24:464-74.
118. Noel-Weiss J, Rupp A, Cragg B, Bassett V, Woodend K. Randomized controlled trial to determine effects of prenatal breastfeeding workshop on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding duration. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2006;35(5):616-24.
119. Osborn LM, Bolus R. Breast feeding and jaundice in the first week of life. Journal of Family Practice 1985;20(5):475-80.
120. Quigley MA, Kelly YJ, Sacker A. Breastfeeding and hospitalisation for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millenium Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2007;119(4):E837-E842.
121. Renfrew MJ, Spiby H, D'Souza L, Wallace LM, Dyson L, McCormick F. Rethinking research in breast-feeding: a critique of the evidence base identified in a systematic review of interventions to promote and support breast-feeding. Public Health Nutrition 2007;10(7):726-32.
122. Renfrew MJ, McLoughlin M, McFadden A. Cleaning and sterilisation of infant feeding equipment: a systematic review. Public Health Nutrition 2008;11:1188-99.
123. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
124. Rollins NC, Bhandari N, Hajeebhoy N, Horton S, Lutter CK, Martines JC, et al. Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group. Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices?. Lancet 2016;387:491-504.
125. Sachs M, Dykes F, Carter B. Weight monitoring of breastfed babies in the United Kingdom - interpreting, explaining and intervening. Maternal and Child Nutrition 2006;2(1):3-18.
126. Smith H, Murphy M. The dangers of only telling half the story. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 2013;23(3):379-81.
127. Stewart CE, Sage ELM, Reynolds P. Supporting 'Baby Friendly': a quality improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2015;Epub ahead of print:0-0. [DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308950]
128. Steube A. Early, limited data for early, limited formula use. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine blog 2013. [http://bfmed.wordpress.com/2013/05/13/early-limited-data-for-early-limited-formula-use/]
129. Szajewska H, Horvath A, Koletzko B, Kalisz M. Effects of brief exposure to water, breast-milk substitutes, or other liquids on the success and duration of breastfeeding: a systematic review. Acta Paediatrica 2006;95(2):145-52.
130. Talayero JMP, Lizan-Garcia M, Otero Puime A, Muncharaz MJB, Soto BB, Sanchez-Palomares M, et al. Full breastfeeding and hospitalization as a result of infections in the first year of life. Pediatrics 2006;188(1):e92-e99.
131. Thulier D. Weighing the facts: a systematic review of expected patterns of weight loss in full-term, breastfed infants. Journal of Human Lactation 2016;32(1):28-34.
132. Turin CG, Ochoa TJ. The role of maternal breast milk in preventing infantile diarrhea in the developing world. Current Tropical Medicine Reports 2014;1(2):97-105.
133. WHO UNICEF. Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative, revised, updated and expanded for integrated care. World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9789241594950/en/index.htm) (accessed 2009).
134. Vail B, Prentice P, Dunger DB, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Ong KK. Age at weaning and infant growth: primary analysis and systematic review. Journal of Pediatrics 2015;167(2):317-24.
135. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, França GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet 2016;387(10017):475-490.
136. Wagner EA, Chantry CJ, Dewey KG, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Breastfeeding concerns at 3 and 7 days postpartum and feeding status at 2 months. Pediatrics 2013;132(4):e865-e875.
137. Wells JCK, Jonsdottir OH, Hibberd PL, Fewtrell MS, Thorsdottir I, Eaton S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of 4 compared with 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding in Iceland: differences in breast-milk intake by stable-isotope probe. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012;96(1):73-9.
138. WHO The World Health Organization multinational study of breast-feeding and lactational amenorrhea. III. Pregnancy during breast-feeding. World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Natural Regulation of Fertility. Fertility and Sterility 1999;72(3):431-40.
139. World Health Organization, UNICEF Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9241562218/en/index.html (accessed 24 August 2010).
140. World Health Organization. Safe Preparation, Storage and Handling of Powdered Infant Formula: Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.
141. World Health Organization, UNICEF, USAID, AED, UCDAVIS, IFPRI Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices, Part 1: Definitions. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9789241596664/en/index.html (accessed 24 August 2010).
142. World Health Organization/UNICEF. Global nutrition targets 2025: breastfeeding policy brief. WHO/NMH/NHD/14.7 Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
143. Williams AF. Hypoglycaemia of the newborn: review of the literature. World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/chd_97_1/en/) (accessed 2011).
144. Wilson AC, Forsyth JS, Greene SA, Irvine L, Hau C, Howie PW. Relation of infant diet to childhood health: seven year follow up of cohort of children in Dundee infant feeding study. BMJ 1998;316(7124):21-5.
145. Wong GWK. Preventing food allergy in infancy - early consumption or avoidance?. New England Journal of Medicine 2016;374(18):1783-4.
146. World Health Organization. Software for assessing growth and development of the world's children. Version 3.1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2010.
147. Wright CM, Parkinson KN. Postnatal weight loss in term infants: what is "normal" and do growth charts allow for it?. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2004;89(3):F254-F257.
148. Wright N, Marinelli KA. Academy of Breastfeeding (ABM) Protocol Committee. Protocol Number 1, Guidelines for glucose monitoring and treatment of hypoglycaemia in breastfed neonates. www.bfmed.org/Resources/Protocols.aspx (accessed 2011).
149. Yamauchi Y, Yamanouchi I. Breast-feeding frequency during the first 24 hours after birth in full-term neonates. Pediatrics 1990;86(2):171-5.
150. Yee CF, Chin R. Parental perception and attitudes on infant feeding practices and baby milk formula in East Malaysia. International Journal of Consumer Studies 2007;31(4):363-70.
151. Becker GE, Remmington S, Remmington T. Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006462.pub2]
152. Becker GE, Remmington T. Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006462.pub3]
153. Remmington S, Remmington T. Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006462]