Reducing obesity among lesbian women: Recommendations for culturally tailored interventions

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 361-376

  Mason, Tyler B ^a   Lewis, Robin J ^a  

^a OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cultural sensitivity; Culturally tailored interventions; Lesbian; Obesity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84982226622     PISSN: 23290382     EISSN: 23290390     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000074     Document Type: Article

References (142)

1. Aaron, D. J., & Hughes, T. L. (2007). Association of childhood sexual abuse with obesity in a community sample of lesbians. Obesity, 15, 1023-1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.634
2. Aaron, D. J., Markovic, N., Danielson, M. E., Honnold, J. A., Janosky, J. E., & Schmidt, N. J. (2001). Behavioral risk factors for disease and preventive health practices among lesbians. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 972-975. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.6.972
3. Agurs-Collins, T. D., Kumanyika, S. K., Ten Have, T. R., & Adams-Campbell, L. L. (1997). A randomized controlled trial of weight reduction and exercise for diabetes management in older African-American subjects. Diabetes Care, 20, 1503-1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.10.1503
4. Appel, L. J., Clark, J. M., Yeh, H. C., Wang, N. Y., Coughlin, J. W., Daumit, G.,... Brancati, F. L. (2011). Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 1959-1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1108660
5. Arif, A. A., & Rohrer, J. E. (2005). Patterns of alcohol drinking and its association with obesity: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. BMC Public Health, 5, 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-5-126
6. Austin, E. L., & Irwin, J. A. (2010). Health behaviors and health care utilization of southern lesbians. Women's Health Issues, 20, 178-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2010.01.002
7. Austin, S. B., Ziyadeh, N. J., Corliss, H. L., Haines, J., Rockett, H. R., Wypij, D., & Field, A. E. (2009). Sexual orientation disparities in weight status in adolescence: Findings from a prospective study. Obesity, 17, 1776-1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.72
8. Austin, S. B., Ziyadeh, N. J., Corliss, H. L., Rosario, M., Wypij, D., Haines, J.,... Field, A. E. (2009). Sexual orientation disparities in purging and binge eating from early to late adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 238-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/jjadohealth.2009.02.001
9. Austin, S. B., Ziyadeh, N, Kahn, J. A., Camargo, C. A., Jr., Colditz, G. A., & Field, A. E. (2004). Sexual orientation, weight concerns, and eatingdisordered behaviors in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1115-1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000131139.93862.10
10. Balsam, K. F., Rothblum, E. D., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2005). Victimization over the life span: A comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 477-487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.477
11. Bauer, G. R., & Wayne, L. D. (2005). Cultural sensitivity and research involving sexual minorities. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 37, 45-47.
12. Beren, S. E., Hayden, H. A., Wilfley, D. E., & Grilo, C. M. (1996). The influence of sexual orientation on body dissatisfaction in adult men and women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 20, 135-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199609)20:2<135::AID-EAT3>3.0.CO;2-H
13. Berlan, E. D., Corliss, H. L., Field, A. E., Goodman, E., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Sexual orientation and bullying among adolescents in the growing up today study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, 366-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.015
14. Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., & Ananeh-Firempong, O., II. (2003). Defining cultural competence: A practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Reports, 118, 293-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3549 (04) 50253-4
15. Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Hinderliter, A., Watkins, L. L., Craighead, L., Lin, P. H.,... Sherwood, A. (2010). Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: The ENCORE study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, 126-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.470
16. Boehmer, U., & Bowen, D. J. (2009). Examining factors linked to overweight and obesity in women of different sexual orientations. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory, 48, 357-361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.003
17. Boehmer, U., Bowen, D. J., & Bauer, G. R. (2007). Overweight and obesity in sexual-minority women: Evidence from population-based data. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1134-1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH2006.088419
18. Boehmer, U., Miao, X., & Ozonoff, A. (2011). Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation. Cancer, 117, 3796-3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25950
19. Bostwick, W. B., Boyd, C. J., Hughes, T. L., & McCabe, S. E. (2010). Dimensions of sexual orientation and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 468-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.152942
20. Bowen, D. J., Balsam, K. F., Diergaarde, B., Russo, M., & Escamilla, G. M. (2006). Healthy eating, exercise, and weight: Impressions of sexual minority women. Women & Health, 44, 79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J013v44n01-05
21. Bowen, D. J., Balsam, K. F., & Ender, S. R. (2008). A review of obesity issues in sexual minority women. Obesity, 16, 221-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.34
22. Bowen, D. J., Powers, D., & Greenlee, H. (2006). Effects of breast cancer risk counseling for sexual minority women. Health Care for Women International, 27, 59-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399330500377119
23. Bradford, J., Ryan, C, & Rothblum, E. D. (1994). National Lesbian Health Care Survey: Implications for mental health care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 228-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.228
24. Brand, P. A., Rothblum, E. D., & Solomon, L. J. (1992). A comparison of lesbians, gay men, and heterosexuals on weight and restrained eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 253-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X (199204) 11:3<253::AID-EAT2260110308>3.0. CO;2-J
25. Brittain, D. R., Dinger, M. K., & Hutchinson, S. R. (2013). Sociodemographic and lesbian-specific factors associated with physical activity among adult lesbians. Women's Health Issues, 23, e103-e108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2012.12.001
26. Brown, A., Hassard, J., Fernbach, M., Szabo, E., & Wakefield, M. (2003). Lesbians' experiences of cervical screening. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 14, 128-132.
27. Brown, W. J., Hockey, R., & Dobson, A. J. (2010). Effects of having a baby on weight gain. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38, 163-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.09.044
28. Carter, L. W., II, Mollen, D., & Smith, N. G. (2014). Locus of control, minority stress, and psychological distress among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 169-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034593
29. Case, P., Austin, S. B., Hunter, D. J., Manson, J. E., Malspeis, S., Willett, W. C, & Spiegelman, D. (2004). Sexual orientation, health risk factors, and physical functioning in the Nurses' Health Study II. Journal of Women's Health, 13, 1033-1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2004.13.1033
30. Cassidy, M. A., & Hughes, T. L. (1997). Lesbian health: Barriers to care. In B. J. McElmurry & R. S. Parker (Eds.), Annual review of women's health (Vol. 3, pp. 67-87). New York, NY: National League for Nursing Press.
31. Cecchini, M., Sassi, F., Lauer, J. A., Lee, Y. Y., Guajardo-Barron, V., & Chisholm, D. (2010). Tackling of unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity: Health effects and cost-effectiveness. The Lancet, 376, 1775-1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (10) 61514-0
32. Chakraborty, S. (2014). Analysis of NHANES 1999-2002 data reveals noteworthy association of alcohol consumption with obesity. Annals of Gastroenterology, 27, 250-257.
33. Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2007). The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 370-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa066082
34. Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2007). Physical health complaints among lesbians, gay men, and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals: Results from the California Quality of Life Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 2048-2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.087254
35. Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2009). Burden of psychiatric morbidity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in the California Quality of Life Survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 647-658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016501
36. Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2012). Risk of breast cancer mortality among women cohabiting with same sex partners: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2003. Journal of Women's Health, 21, 528-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2011.3134
37. Conron, K. J., Mimiaga, M. J., & Landers, S. J. (2010). A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1953-1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.174169
38. Copeland, J., Hall, W., Didcott, P., & Biggs, V. (1993). A comparison of a specialist women's alcohol and other drug treatment service with two traditional mixed-sex services: Client characteristics and treatment outcome. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 32, 81-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716 (93) 90025-L
39. Davids, C. M., & Green, M. A. (2011). A preliminary investigation of body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptomatology with bisexual individuals. Sex Roles, 65, 533-547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-9963-y
40. Diamant, A. L., & Wold, C. (2003). Sexual orientation and variation in physical and mental health status among women. Journal of Women's Health, 12, 41-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/154099903321154130
41. Dibble, S. L., Eliason, M. J., & Crawford, B. (2012). Correlates of wellbeing among African American lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 59, 820-838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2012.694763
42. Dibble, S. L., & Roberts, S. A. (2003). Improving cancer screening among lesbians over 50: Results of a pilot study. Oncology Nursing Forum, 30, E71-E79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/03. ONF. E71-E79
43. Drabble, L., Midanik, L. T., & Trocki, K. (2005). Reports of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems among homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual respondents: Results from the 2000 National Alcohol Survey. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66, 111-120.
44. Drabble, L., & Underhill, B. (2002). Effective interventions and treatment for lesbians. In S. L. Straussner & S. Brown (Eds.), Handbook for addiction treatment for women: Theory and practice (pp. 399-422). New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.
45. Epstein, D. E., Sherwood, A., Smith, P. J., Craighead, L., Caccia, C., Lin, P. H.,... Blumenthal, J. A. (2012). Determinants and consequences of adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet in African-American and white adults with high blood pressure: Results from the ENCORE trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112, 1763-1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.07.007
46. Fallon, E. A., Harris, B. S., & Johnson, P. (2014). Prevalence of body dissatisfaction among a United States adult sample. Eating Behaviors, 15, 151-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.11.007
47. Felitti, V. J., & Williams, S. A. (1998). Long term follow-up and analysis of over one hundred patients who have lost over 100 pounds. The Permanente Journal, 2, 12-21.
48. Fingerhut, A. W., Peplau, L. A., & Gable, S. L. (2010). Identity, minority stress and psychological well-being among gay men and lesbians. Psychology and Sexuality, 1, 101-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2010.484592
49. Fingerhut, A. W., Peplau, L. A., & Ghavami, N. (2005). A dual-identity framework for understanding lesbian experience. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 129-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00175.x
50. Fitzgibbon, M. L., Stolley, M. R., Ganschow, P., Schiffer, L., Wells, A., Simon, N., & Dyer, A. (2005). Results of a faith-based weight loss intervention for black women. Journal of the National Medical Association, 97, 1393-1402.
51. Fitzgibbon, M. L., Stolley, M. R., Schiffer, L., Sanchez-Johnsen, L. A. P., Wells, A. M., & Dyer, A. (2005). A combined breast health/weight loss intervention for Black women. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory, 40, 373-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.06.018
52. Flegal, K. M., Graubard, B. I., Williamson, D. F., & Gail, M. H. (2005). Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 1861-1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.15.1861
53. Fobair, P., Koopman, C., DiMiceli, S., O'Hanlan, K., Butler, L. D., Classen, C.,... Spiegel, D. (2002). Psychosocial intervention for lesbians with primary breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 11, 427-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon. 624
54. Fogel, S. C., Calman, L., & Magrini, D. (2012). Lesbians' and bisexual women's definition of health. Journal of Homosexuality, 59, 851-863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2012.694768
55. Fogel, S., Young, L., Dietrich, M., & Blakemore, D. (2012). Weight loss and related behavior changes among lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 59, 689-702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2012.673937
56. Fogel, S., Young, L., & McPherson, J. B. (2009). The experience of group weight loss efforts among lesbians. Women & Health, 49, 540-554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630240903424012
57. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Emlet, C. A., Kim, H. J., Muraco, A., Erosheva, E. A., Goldsen, J., & Hoy-Ellis, C. P. (2013). The physical and mental health of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults: The role of key health indicators and risk and protective factors. The Gerontologist, 53, 664-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns123
58. Haefner, D. P., & Kirscht, J. P. (1970). Motivational and behavioral effects of modifying health beliefs. Public Health Reports, 85, 478-484. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4593885
59. Hagobian, T. A., & Phelan, S. (2013). Lifestyle interventions to reduce obesity and diabetes. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 7, 84-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827612449600
60. Haines, M. E., Erchull, M. J., Liss, M., Turner, D. L., Nelson, J. A., Ramsey, L. R., & Hurt, M. M. (2008). Predictors and effects of selfobjectification in lesbians. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 181-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00422.x
61. Hanley, S., & McLaren, S. (2014). Sense of belonging to layers of lesbian community weakens the link between body Image dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms. Psychology of Women Quarterly. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684314522420
62. Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma "get under the skin"? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 707-730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016441
63. Heffernan, K. (1994). Sexual orientation as a factor in risk for binge eating and bulimia nervosa: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16, 335-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X (199412) 16:4<335::AID-EAT2260160403 >3.0. CO;2-C
64. Heffernan, K. (1996). Eating disorders and weight concern among lesbians. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19, 127-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI) 1098-108X (199603) 19:2 < 127::AID-EAT3>3.0. CO;2-P
65. Hughes, T. L., Johnson, T., & Wilsnack, S. C. (2001). Sexual assault and alcohol abuse: A comparison of lesbians and heterosexual women. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 515-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3289 (01) 00095-5
66. Institute of Medicine. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
67. Johnson, S. S., Paiva, A. L., Cummins, C. O., Johnson, J. L., Dyment, S. J., Wright, J. A.,... Sherman, K. (2008). Transtheoretical model-based multiple behavior intervention for weight management: Effectiveness on a population basis. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory, 46, 238-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.09.010
68. Joshua, M. D. (2002). A model for the development of disordered eating among lesbians (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Information & Learning.
69. Jun, H. J., Corliss, H. L., Nichols, L. P., Pazaris, M. J., Spiegelman, D., & Austin, S. B. (2012). Adult body mass index trajectories and sexual orientation: The Nurses' Health Study II. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42, 348-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.011
70. King, T. K, Clark, M. M., & Pera, V. (1996). History of sexual abuse and obesity treatment outcome. Addictive Behaviors, 21, 283-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603 (95) 00058-5
71. Koff, E., Lucas, M., Migliorini, R., & Grossmith, S. (2010). Women and body dissatisfaction: Does sexual orientation make a difference? Body Image, 7, 255-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.03.001
72. Kozee, H. B., & Tylka, T. L. (2006). A test of objectification theory with lesbian women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 348-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00310.x
73. Kreuter, M. W., Lukwago, S. N, Bucholtz, R. D., Clark, E. M., & Sanders-Thompson, V. (2003). Achieving cultural appropriateness in health promotion programs: Targeted and tailored approaches. Health Education & Behavior, 30, 133-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198102251021
74. Laird, J. (1996). Invisible ties: Lesbians and their families of origin. In J. Laird & R. J. Green (Eds.), Lesbians and gays in couples and families (pp. 89-122). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
75. Lehavot, K, & Simoni, J. M. (2011a). The impact of minority stress on mental health and substance use among sexual minority women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 159-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022839
76. Lehavot, K, & Simoni, J. M. (2011b). Victimization, smoking, and chronic physical health problems among sexual minority women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 42, 269-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-011-9289-6
77. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=25
78. Lewis, R. J., Derlega, V. J., Clarke, E. G., Kuang, J. C, Jacobs, A. M., & McElligott, M. D. (2005). An expressive writing intervention to cope with lesbian-related stress: The moderating effects of openness about sexual orientation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 149-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00177.x
79. Lewis, R. J., Milletich, R. J., Kelley, M. L., & Woody, A. (2012). Minority stress, substance use, and intimate partner violence among sexual minority women. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 247-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.02.004
80. Lick, D. J., Durso, L. E., & Johnson, K. L. (2013). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 521-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691613497965
81. Lindtner, C, Scherer, T., Zielinski, E., Filatova, N, Fasshauer, M., Tonks, N. K,... Buettner, C. (2013). Binge drinking induces whole-body insulin resistance by impairing hypothalamic insulin action. Science TranslationalMedicine, 5, 170ra14-170ra14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3005123
82. Ludwig, M. R., & Brownell, K. D. (1999). Lesbians, bisexual women, and body image: An investigation of gender roles and social group affiliation. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25, 89-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI) 1098-108X (199901) 25:1< 89::AID-EAT11>3.0. CO;2-T
83. Markey, C. N, & Markey, P. M. (2014). Gender, sexual orientation, and romantic partner influence on body image: An examination of heterosexual and lesbian women and their partners. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31, 162-177.
84. Masini, B. E., & Barrett, H. A. (2008). Social support as a predictor of psychological and physical well-being and lifestyle in lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults aged 50 and over. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services: Issues in Practice, Policy & Research, 20, 91-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538720802179013
85. Mason, T. B., & Lewis, R. J. (2014). Minority stress, depression, relationship quality, and alcohol-use: Association with overweight and obesity among partnered young adult lesbians. Manuscript submitted for publication.
86. Mason, T. B., & Lewis, R. J. (in press). Minority stress and binge eating among lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of Homosexuality.
87. Matthews, A. K, Hughes, T. L., Johnson, T., Razzano, L. A., & Cassidy, R. (2002). Prediction of depressive distress in a community sample of women: The role of sexual orientation. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1131-1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.92.7.1131
88. Matthews, A. K, Li, C. C, Kuhns, L. M., Tasker, T. B., & Cesario, J. A. (2013). Results from a community-based smoking cessation treatment program for LGBT smokers. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/984508
89. Mautner Project. (2011). Lesbian overweight and obesity research. Retrieved from http://www.mautnerproject.org/education/Mautner-Obesity-Study-Report-1-25-11.pdf
90. Mayer, K. H., Bradford, J. B., Makadon, H. J., Stall, R., Goldhammer, H., & Landers, S. (2008). Sexual and gender minority health: What we know and what needs to be done. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 989-995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.127811
91. McCabe, S. E., Bostwick, W. B., Hughes, T. L., West, B. T., & Boyd, C. J. (2010). The relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the united states. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1946-1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.163147
92. McDowell, T., Wallace, E. V., Tillery, D., & Cencula, L. (2011). African Americans tackling obesity through church-based interventions. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1, 1-5.
93. Mereish, E. H. (2014). The weight of discrimination: The relationship between heterosexist discrimination and obesity among lesbian women. [Advance online publication]. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000056
94. Messinger, A. M. (2014). Marking 35 years of research on same-sex intimate partner violence: Lessons and new directions. In D. Peterson & V. R. Panfil (Eds.), Handbook of LGBT communities, crime, and justice (pp. 65-85). New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9188-04
95. Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674-697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
96. Morrison, L. A., Larkspur, L., Calibuso, M. J., & Brown, S. (2010). Women's attitudes about menstruation and associated health and behavioral characteristics. American Journal of Health Behavior, 34, 90-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.34.1.11
97. Nawyn, S. J., Richman, J. A., Rospenda, K. M., & Hughes, T. L. (2000). Sexual identity and alcohol-related outcomes: Contributions of workplace harassment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 11, 289-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3289 (00) 00028-6
98. Newcomb, M. E., & Mustanski, B. (2010). Internalized homophobia and internalizing mental health problems: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 1019-1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.07.003
99. Noll, J. G., Zeller, M. H, Trickett, P. K., & Putnam, F. W. (2007). Obesity risk for female victims of childhood sexual abuse: A prospective study. Pediatrics, 120, e61-e67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3058
100. Nutrition and weight status. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=29
101. Nyitray, A., Corran, R., Altman, K., Chikani, V., & Negrón, E. V. (2006). Tobacco use and interventions among Arizona lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. Retrieved from http://azdhs.gov/tobaccofreeaz/reports/pdf/05-lgbt-survey.pdf
102. Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307, 483-490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.40
103. Owens, L. K., Hughes, T. L., & Owens-Nicholson, D. (2002). The effects of sexual orientation on body image and attitudes about eating and weight. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7, 15-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J155v07n01-02
104. Patrick, K., Raab, F., Adams, M. A., Dillon, L., Zabinski, M., Rock, C. L.,... Norman, G. J. (2009). A text message-based intervention for weight loss: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11, e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1100
105. Peplau, L. A., & Fingerhut, A. W. (2007). The close relationships of lesbians and gay men. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 10.1-1.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev. psych.58.110405.085701
106. Picot, A. K. (2006). The relationship among community affiliation, selfesteem, and eating disorder symptomatology in gay and lesbian individuals (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Information & Learning.
107. Platzer, H., & James, T. (2000). Lesbians' experiences of healthcare. Journal of Research in Nursing, 5, 194-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136140960000500305
108. Polimeni, A. M., Austin, S. B., & Kavanagh, A. M. (2009). Sexual orientation and weight, body image, and weight control practices among young Australian women. Journal of Women's Health, 18, 355-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.0765
109. Poston, W. S., Reeves, R. S., Haddock, C. K., Stormer, S., Balasubramanyam, A., Satterwhite, O.,... Foreyt, J. P. (2003). Weight loss in obese Mexican Americans treated for 1-year with orlistat and lifestyle modification. International Journal of Obesity, 27, 1486-1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802439
110. Reczek, C. (2012). The promotion of unhealthy habits in gay, lesbian, and straight intimate partnerships. Social Science & Medicine, 75, 1114-1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.019
111. Resnicow, K., Baranowski, T., Ahluwalia, J. S., & Braithwaite, R. L. (1999). Cultural sensitivity in public health: Defined and demystified. Ethnicity & Disease, 9, 10-21.
112. Riggle, E. D. B., Whitman, J. S., Olson, A., Rostosky, S. S., & Strong, S. (2008). The positive aspects of being a lesbian or gay man. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39, 210-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.39.2.210
113. Roberts, S. A., Dibble, S. L., Nussey, B., & Casey, K. (2003). Cardiovascular disease risk in lesbian women. Women's Health Issues, 13, 167-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1049-3867 (03) 00041-0
114. Roberts, S. J., Stuart-Shor, E. M., & Oppenheimer, R. A. (2010). Lesbians' attitudes and beliefs regarding overweight and weight reduction. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 1986-1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03182.x
115. Rogers, T. L., Emanuel, K., & Bradford, J. (2002). Sexual minorities seeking services. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7, 127-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J155v07n01-09
116. Ross, L. E., Doctor, F., Dimito, A., Kuehl, D., & Armstrong, M. S. (2008). Can talking about oppression reduce depression? Modified CBT group treatment for LGBT people with depression. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services: Issues in Practice, Policy & Research, 19, 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J041v19n01-01
117. Rothman, E. F., Exner, D., & Baughman, A. L. (2011). The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12, 55-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838010390707
118. Sbrocco, T., Carter, M. M., Lewis, E. L., Vaughn, N. A., Kalupa, K. L., King, S.,... Cintrón, J. A. (2005). Church-based obesity treatment for African-American women improves adherence. Ethnicity & Disease, 15, 246-255.
119. Seaver, M. R., Freund, K. M., Wright, L. M., Tjia, J., & Frayne, S. M. (2008). Healthcare preferences among lesbians: A focus group analysis. Journal of Women's Health, 17, 215-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.0083
120. Seo, D. C., & Sa, J. (2008). A meta-analysis of psycho-behavioral obesity interventions among US multiethnic and minority adults. Preventive Medicine, 47, 573-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.010
121. Share, T. L., & Mintz, L. B. (2002). Differences between lesbians and heterosexual women in disordered eating and related attitudes. Journal of Homosexuality, 42, 89-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J082v42n04-06
122. Smith, H. A., Markovic, N., Danielson, M. E., Matthews, A., Youk, A., Talbott, E. O.,... Hughes, T. (2010). Sexual abuse, sexual orientation, and obesity in women. Journal of Women's Health, 19, 1525-1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2009.1763
123. Steele, L. S., Tinmouth, J. M., & Lu, A. (2006). Regular health care use by lesbians: A path analysis of predictive factors. Family Practice, 23, 631-636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cml030
124. St. Pierre, M. (2013). Coming out in primary healthcare: An empirical investigation of a model of predictors and health outcomes of lesbian disclosure. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Information & Learning.
125. Strong, S. M., Williamson, D. A., Netemeyer, R. G., & Geer, J. H. (2000). Eating disorders symptoms and concerns about body differ as a function of gender and sexual orientation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 240-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp. 2000.19.2.240
126. Struble, C. B., Lindley, L. L., Montgomery, K., Hardin, J., & Burcin, M. (2010). Overweight and obesity in lesbian and bisexual college women. Journal of American College Health, 59, 51-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2010.483703
127. Suter, P. M., & Tremblay, A. (2005). Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for weight gain and obesity? Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 42, 197-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408360590913542
128. Szymanski, D. M. (2009). Examining potential moderators of the link between heterosexist events and gay and bisexual men's psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 142-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.56.1.142
129. Szymanski, D. M., & Owens, G. P. (2008). Do coping styles moderate or mediate the relationship between internalized heterosexism and sexual minority women's psychological distress? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 95-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00410.x
130. Tang, H., Greenwood, G. L., Cowling, D. W., Lloyd, J. C., Roeseler, A. G., & Bal, D. G. (2004). Cigarette smoking among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: How serious a problem? (United States). Cancer Causes & Control, 15, 797-803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CACO.0000043430.32410.69
131. Thayer, A. N. (2010). Community matters: The exploration of overweight and obesity within the lesbian population (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Information & Learning.
132. Valanis, B. G., Bowen, D. J., Bassford, T., Whitlock, E., Charney, P., & Carter, R. A. (2000). Sexual orientation and health: Comparisons in the women's health initiative sample. Archives of Family Medicine, 9, 843-853.
133. Wagenbach, P. (2004). Lesbian body image and eating issues. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 15, 205-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J056v15n04-04
134. Walls, N. E., & Wisneski, H. (2010). Evaluation of smoking cessation classes for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. Journal of Social Service Research, 37, 99-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.524531
135. Walters, M. L., Chen, J., & Breiding, M. J. (2013). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 findings on victimization by sexual orientation. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/nisvs/specialreports.html
136. White, J. C, & Dull, V. T. (1997). Health risk factors and health-seeking behavior in lesbians. Journal of Women's Health, 6, 103-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1997.6.103
137. Wilson, B. D. M., & Miller, R. L. (2003). Examining strategies for culturally grounded HIV prevention: A review. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15, 184-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap. 15.3.184.23838
138. Wing, R. R., & Jeffery, R. W. (1999). Benefits of recruiting participants with friends and increasing social support for weight loss and maintenance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 132-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.1.132
139. Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., Thompson, K. M., Redlin, J., Demuth, G.,... Haseltine, B. (2001). Eating disturbance and sexual trauma in childhood and adulthood. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 401-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.1101
140. Yancey, A. K., Cochran, S. D., Corliss, H. L., & Mays, V. M. (2003). Correlates of overweight and obesity among lesbian and bisexual women. Preventive Medicine, 36, 676-683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435 (03) 00020-3
141. Zaritsky, E., & Dibble, S. L. (2010). Risk factors for reproductive and breast cancers among older lesbians. Journal of Women's Health, 19, 125-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1094
142. Zhang, H, Neelarambam, K., Schwenke, T. J., Rhodes, M. N., Pittman, D. M., & Kaslow, N. J. (2013). Mediators of a culturally-sensitive intervention for suicidal African American women. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 20, 401-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10880-013-9373-0