The physical and mental health of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults: The role of key health indicators and risk and protective factors

Gerontologist

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 664-675

  Fredriksen Goldsen, Karen I ^a   Emlet, Charles A ^b   Kim, Hyun Jun ^a   Muraco, Anna ^c   Erosheva, Elena A ^a   Goldsen, Jayn ^a   Hoy Ellis, Charles P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c LOYOLA MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Depression; Disability; LGB; Minority health; Resilience

Indexed keywords

AGED; BISEXUALITY; COPING BEHAVIOR; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH STATUS INDICATOR; HUMAN; LESBIANISM; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUALITY; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; MINORITY HEALTH; PSYCHOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STIGMA; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY; ARTICLE; DISABILITY; LATERAL GENICULATE BODY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RESILIENCE; STATISTICS;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BISEXUALITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HOMOSEXUALITY, FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; MINORITY HEALTH; QUALITY OF LIFE; RESILIENCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL STIGMA; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; LGB; MINORITY HEALTH; RESILIENCE;

EID: 84881655269     PISSN: 00169013     EISSN: 17585341     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gns123     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical data analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley-Interscience.
2. Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10, 77-84.
3. Beeler, J. A., Rawls, T. W., Herdt, G., & Cohler, B. J. (1999). The needs of older lesbians and gay men in Chicago. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 9, 31-49. doi:10.1300/J041v09n01-02
4. Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 843-857. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00065-4
5. Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2010). Cigarette smoking and depression: Tests of causal linkages using a longitudinal birth cohort. British Journal of Psychiatry, 196, 440-446. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109. 065912
6. Brault, M. W. (2008). Americans with disabilities, 2005. Current population reports. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://accessinsights.com/p70-117.pdf
7. Butler, S. S. (2006). Older gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender persons. In B. Berkman (Ed.), The handbook of social work in health and aging (pp. 273-281). New York: Oxford University Press.
8. Cahill, S., South, K., & Spade, J. (2000). Outing age: Public policy issues affecting gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender elders. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994). Cigarette smoking among adults-United States, 1992, and changes in the definition of current cigarette smoking. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 43, 342-346. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr-wk/wk-cvol.html
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Overweight and obesity: Defining overweight and obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ obesity/defining.html
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Rationale for regular reporting on health disparities and inequalities-United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(Suppl.), 3-10. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ mmwr/mmwr-wk/wk-cvol.html
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, & Merck Company Foundation. (2007). The state of aging and health in America 2007. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Company Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/aging/ pdf/saha-2007.pdf
14. Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2007). The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 370-379. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa066082
15. Conron, K. J., Mimiaga, M. J., & Landers, S. J. (2010). A populationbased study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1953-1960. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.174169
16. D'Augelli, A., & Grossman, A. (2001). Disclosure of sexual orientation, victimization, and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 1008-1027. doi:10.1177/088626001016010003
17. Dilley, J. A., Simmons, K. W., Boysun, M. J., Pizacani, B. A., & Stark, M. J. (2010). Demonstrating the importance and feasibility of including sexual orientation in public health surveys: Health disparities in the Pacific Northwest. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 460-467. doi:10.2105/AJPH. 2007.130336
18. Emlet, C. A. (2007). Experiences of stigma in older adults living with HIV/AIDS: A mixed-methods analysis. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 21, 740-752. doi:10.1089/apc.2007.0010
19. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2007a). Caregiving with pride. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
20. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2007b). HIV/AIDS caregiving: Predictors of well-being and distress. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 18, 53-73. doi:10.1300/J041v18n03-04
21. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H.-J., Emlet, C. A., Muraco, A., Erosheva, E. A., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., et al. (2011). The aging and health report: Disparities and resilience among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. Seattle, WA: Institute for Multigenerational Health. Retrieved from http://depts.washington.edu/agepride/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2011/05/ Full-Report-FINAL.pdf
22. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., & Muraco, A. (2010). Aging and sexual orientation: A 25-year review of the literature. Research on Aging, 32, 372-413. doi:10.1177/0164027509360355
23. Grossman, A. H., D'Augelli, A. R., & O'Connell, T. S. (2001). Being lesbian, gay, bisexual, and 60 or older in North America. Journal of Lesbian & Gay Social Services, 13, 23-40. doi:10.1300/J041v13n04-05
24. Hatzenbuehler, M. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma "get under the skin"? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 707-730. doi:10.1037/a0016441
25. Herek, G., Gillis, J., & Cogan, J. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 32-43. doi:10.1037/a0014672
26. Hsu, H.-C., & Jones, B. L. (2012). Multiple trajectories of successful aging of older and younger cohorts. The Gerontologist. Advance online publication. doi:10.1093/geront/gns005
27. Hughes, M., & Waite, L. (2002). Health in household context: Living arrangements and health in late middle age. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 1-21. doi:10.2307/3090242
28. Institute of Medicine. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
29. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. (2010). Documentation of psychosocial constructs and composite variables in MIDUS II Project 1. Retrieved from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/cgi-bin/file?comp= none&study=4652&ds=1&file-id=1047483
30. Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., & Shahly, V. (2010). Age differences in major depression: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Psychological Medicine, 40, 225-237. doi:10.1017/S0033291709990213
31. Lang, D. W. (2008). Speaking out loud about bisexuality: Biphobia in the lesbian and gay community. Journal of Bisexuality, 8, 81-95. doi:10.1080/15299710802142259
32. Liu, H., Feng, T., & Rhodes, A. G. (2009). Assessment of the Chinese version of HIV and homosexuality related stigma scales. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 85, 65-69. doi:10.1136/sti.2008.032714
33. Logie, C., & Gadalla, T. M. (2009). Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 21, 742-753. doi:10.1080/09540120802511877
34. Luo, Y., Xu, J., Granberg, E., & Wentworth, W. M. (2011). A longitudinal study of social status, perceived discrimination, and physical and emotional health among older adults. Research on Aging, 34, 275-301. doi:10.1177/0164027511426151
35. Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Norman, G. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444. doi:10.1017/S0954579400005812
36. Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1869-1876. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91. 11.1869
37. Metlife Mature Market Institute, & American Society on Aging. (2010). Still out, still aging: The Metlife study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender baby boomers. New York: Metlife Mature Market Institute and American Society on Aging. Retrieved from http://www.metlife.com/mmi/research/still-out- still-aging.html#findings
38. Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674-697. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
39. Mohr, J., & Fassinger, R. (2000). Measuring dimensions of lesbian and gay male experience. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 33, 66-90.
40. Muraco, A., & Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2011). "That's what friends do": Informal caregiving for chronically ill midlife and older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 1073-1092. doi:10.1177/0265407511402419
41. Okoro, C. A., Strine, T. W., Young, S. L., Balluz, L. S., & Mokdad, A. H. (2005). Access to health care among older adults and receipt of preventive services: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002. Preventive Medicine, 40, 337-343. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.06.009
42. Pasco, J. A., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., Ng, F., Henry, M. J., Nicholson, G. C., et al. (2008). Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for major depressive disorder: Population-based study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 322-326. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046706
43. Pinel, E. C. (1999). Stigma consciousness: The psychological legacy of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 114-128. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.114
44. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306
45. Reynolds, S. L., Saito, Y., & Crimmins, E. M. (2005). The impact of obesity on active life expectancy in older American men and women. The Gerontologist, 45, 438-444. doi:10.1093/geront/45.4.438
46. Serovich, J. M. (2001). A test of two HIV disclosure theories. AIDS Education and Prevention, 13, 355-364. doi:10.1521/aeap.13.4.355.21424
47. Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science & Medicine, 32, 705-714. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91) 90150-B
48. Stephens, C., Alpass, F., Towers, A., & Stevenson, B. (2011). The effects of types of social networks, perceived social support, and loneliness on the health of older people: Accounting for the social context. Journal of Aging and Health, 23, 887-911. doi:10.1177/0898264311400189
49. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2006). Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-30, DHHS Publication No. SMA 06-4194). Rockville, MD. Retrieved from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/ 2k5nsduh/2k5results.pdf
50. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). Healthy People 2020 objectives: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=25
51. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy people 2010: Understanding and improving health (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Deptartment of Health and Human Services.
52. Vanable, P. A., Carey, M. P., Blair, D. C., & Littlewood, R. A. (2006). Impact of HIV-related stigma on health behaviors and psychological adjustment among HIV-positive men and women. AIDS and Behavior, 10, 473-482. doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9099-1
53. Vincent, G. A., & Velkoff, V. A. (2010). The next four decades, the older population in the United States: 2010 to 2050. Current population reports. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/ 2010pubs/p25-1138.pdf
54. Wallace, S. P., Cochran, S. D., Durazo, E. M., & Ford, C. L. (2011). The health of aging lesbian, gay and bisexual adults in California. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. Retrieved from http://www. healthpolicy.ucla.edu/pubs/files/aginglgbpb.pdf
55. Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., Dewey, J. E., & Gandek, B. (2001). How to score and interpret single-item health status measures: A manual for users of the SF-8 Health Survey. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric Incorporated.
56. Williams, D., & Mohammed, S. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32, 20-47. doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0
57. Yates, T. M., & Masten, A. S. (2004). Fostering the future: Resilience theory and the practice of positive psychology. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
58. Zaninotto, P., Falaschetti, E., & Sacker, A. (2009). Age trajectories of quality of life among older adults: Results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Quality of Life Research, 18, 1301-1309. doi:10.1007/s11136- 009-9543-6