A qualitative exploration of U.K. prisoners' experiences of substance misuse and mental health difficulties, and the breaking free health and justice interventions

Journal of Drug Issues

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 198-215

  Elison, Sarah ^a   Weston, Samantha ^b   Dugdale, Stephanie ^a   Ward, Jonathan ^a   Davies, Glyn ^a  

^a Breaking Free Group   (United Kingdom)

^b KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Computer assisted therapy; Prisons; Substance misuse

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER ASSISTED THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; JUSTICE; MENTAL HEALTH; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRISON; PRISONER; SUBSTANCE USE;

EID: 84978786279     PISSN: 00220426     EISSN: 19451369     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022042616630013     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 174-186.
2. Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, J. S. (2006). The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime & Delinquency, 52, 7-27.
3. Beck, A. T., Wright, F. D., Newman, C. F., & Liese, B. S. (2001). Cognitive therapy of substance abuse. New York, NY: Guilford Press
4. Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. New York, NY: Guilford Press
5. Best, D., & Laudet, A. (2010). The potential of recovery capital. London, England: Royal Society of Arts
6. Boden, J. M., & Fergusson, D. M. (2011). Alcohol and depression. Addiction, 106, 906-914.
7. Bolton, J. M., Robinson, J., & Sareen, J. (2009). Self-medication of mood disorders with alcohol and drugs in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of affective disorders, 115, 367-375.
8. Brady, K. T., & Sinha, R. (2005). Co-occurring mental and substance use disorders: The neurobiological effects of chronic stress. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1483-1493.
9. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
10. Brookman, F., & Edwards, J. (2014). The links between mephedrone use, violence and other harms in South Wales. Glamorgan, University of South Wales
11. Budd, T., Collier, P., Mhlanga, B., Sharp, C., & Weir, G. (2005). Levels of self-report offending and drug use among offenders: Findings from the criminality surveys. London, England: Research Development and Statistics Directorate, Home Office
12. Burns, J. K. (2013). Pathways from cannabis to psychosis: A review of the evidence. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4(128), e1-e12.
13. Butler, T., Indig, D., Allnutt, S., & Mamoon, H. (2011). Co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorder among Australian prisoners. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30, 188-194.
14. Butzin, C. A., Martin, S. S., & Inciardi, J. A. (2005). Treatment during transition from prison to community and subsequent illicit drug use. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 28, 351-358.
15. Butzin, C. A., O'Connell, D. J., Martin, S. S., & Inciardi, J. A. (2006). Effect of drug treatment during work release on new arrests and incarcerations. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, 557-565.
16. Chen, C.-Y., Storr, C. L., & Anthony, J. C. (2009). Early-onset drug use and risk for drug dependence problems. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 319-322.
17. Cloud, W., & Granfield, R. (2008). Conceptualizing recovery capital: Expansion of a theoretical construct. Substance Use & Misuse, 43, 1971-1986.
18. Davies, G., Elison, S., Ward, J., & Laudet, A. (2015). The role of lifestyle in perpetuating substance dependence: A new explanatory model, The Lifestyle Balance Model. Substance Abuse, Treatment, Prevention and Policy, 10(2), e1-e8.
19. Deas, D., & Brown, E. (2006). Adolescent substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidities. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 18-23.
20. Department of Health. (2009). The Bradley report: Lord Bradley's review of people with mental health problems or learning disabilities in the criminal justice system. London, England: Author
21. Drake, R. E., Mueser, K. T., & Brunette, M. F. (2007). Management of persons with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder: Program implications. World Psychiatry, 6(3), 131-136.
22. Elison, S., Davies, G., & Ward, J. (2015a). An outcomes evaluation of computerized treatment for problem drinking using Breaking Free Online. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 33, 185-196.
23. Elison, S., Davies, G., & Ward, J. (2015b). Sub-group analyses of a heterogeneous sample of service users accessing computer-assisted therapy for substance dependence using Breaking Free Online. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2(2), e1-e13.
24. Elison, S., Humphreys, L., Ward, J., & Davies, G. (2013). A pilot outcomes evaluation for computerassisted therapy for substance misuse-An evaluation of Breaking Free Online. Journal of Substance Use, 19(4), 1-6.
25. Elison, S., Ward, J., Davies, G., Lidbetter, N., Dagley, M., & Hulme, D. (2014). An outcomes study of eTherapy for dual diagnosis using Breaking Free Online. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 7, 52-62.
26. Elison, S., Ward, J., Davies, G., & Moody, M. (2014). Implementation of computer-assisted therapy for substance misuse: A qualitative study of Breaking Free Online using Roger's diffusion of innovation theory. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 14, 207-218.
27. Elison, S., Weston, S., Davies, G., Dugdale, S., & Ward, J. (2015). Findings from mixed-methods feasibility and effectiveness evaluations of the "Breaking Free Online" treatment and recovery programme for substance misuse in prisons. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 1-10.
28. Enoch, M.-A. (2011). The role of early life stress as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence. Psychopharmacology, 214, 17-31.
29. Fazel, S., Bains, P., & Doll, H. (2006). Substance abuse and dependence in prisoners: A systematic review. Addiction, 101, 181-191.
30. Gardner, G. (2001). Unreliable memories and other contingencies: Problems with biographical knowledge. Qualitative Research, 1, 185-204.
31. Gilchrist, E., Johnson, R., Takriti, R., Weston, S., Beech, A., & Kebbell, M. (2003). Findings 217: Domestic violence offenders: Characteristics and offending related needs. London, England: Home Office
32. Grella, C. E., Stein, J. A., & Greenwell, L. (2005). Associations among childhood trauma, adolescent problem behaviors, and adverse adult outcomes in substance-abusing women offenders. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19, 43-53.
33. Guest, C., & Holland, M. (2011). Co-existing mental health and substance use and alcohol difficulties-Why do we persist with the term "dual diagnosis" within mental health services? Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 4, 162-172.
34. Hall, W. (1996). Methadone maintenance treatment as a crime control measure (BOCSAR NSW Crime and Justice Bulletins). Sydney, Australia: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research
35. Hamilton, I. (2014). The 10 most important debates surrounding dual diagnosis. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 7, 118-128.
36. Health and Social Care Information Centre. (2014). Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England-2013. London, England: National Statistics Authority. Retrieved from http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB14579
37. Hibell, B., Guttormsson, U., Ahlstrom, S., Balakireva, O., Bjarnason, T., Kokkevi, A., & Kraus, L. (2011). The 2011 ESPAD Report: Substance use among students in 36 European countries. Stockholm, Sweden: The Swedish Council for Informaiton on Alcohol and Other Drugs
38. Hogan, L., Elison, S., Davies, G., & Ward, J. (2015). Effectiveness of the pillars of recovery group and key working program for service users with a dual diagnosis of substance dependence and concurrent mental health problems: An initial outcomes evaluation. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 10, 125-140.
39. Hughes, E., Wanigaratne, S., Gournay, K., Johnson, S., Thornicroft, G., Finch, E., Smith, N. (2008). Training in dual diagnosis interventions (the COMO Study): Randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 8, Article 12.
40. Johnson, R. J., Ross, M. W., Taylor, W. C., Williams, M. L., Carvajal, R. I., & Peters, R. J. (2006). Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among incarcerated males in county jail. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30, 75-86.
41. Josselson, R. (2011). Narrative research: Constructing, deconstructing, and reconstructing story. In F. J Wertz, K. Charmaz, L. M. McMullen, R. Josselson, R. Anderson, & E. McSpadden (Eds.), Five ways of doing qualitative analysis (pp. 224-242). New York, NY: Guildford Press
42. Khantzian, E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: A reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 4, 231-244.
43. Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking "big" personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 768-821.
44. Marlatt, G. A., Bowen, S., Chawla, N., & Witkiewitz, K. (2010). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance abusers: Therapist training and therapeutic relationships. In S. F. Hick & T. Bien (Eds.), Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship (pp. 107-121). New York, NY: Guildford Press
45. Mathews, M., Tesar, G. E., & Muzina, D. J. (2013). Schizophrenia and acute psychosis. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Clinic Centre for Continuing Education
46. McKay, J. R. (2001). Effectiveness of continuing care interventions for substance abusers: Implications for the study of long-term treatment effects. Evaluation Review, 25, 211-232.
47. McKay, J. R. (2009). Continuing care research: What we have learned and where we are going. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 36, 131-145.
48. McLaren, J. A., Silins, E., Hutchinson, D., Mattick, R. P., & Hall, W. (2010). Assessing evidence for a causal link between cannabis and psychosis: A review of cohort studies. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21, 10-19.
49. McMurran, M. (2006). Drug and alcohol programmes: Concept, theory and practice. In C. Hollins & E. Palmer (Eds.), Offending behaviour programmes: Development, application and controversies (pp. 179-207). Chichester, UK: John Wiley
50. McSweeney, T., & Hough, M. (2006). Supporting offenders with multiple needs: Lessons for the "mixed economy" model of service provision. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 6, 107-125.
51. Moore, T. H., Zammit, S., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., & Lewis, G. (2007). Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: A systematic review. The Lancet, 370, 319-328.
52. Mumola, C., & Karberg, J. (2004). Drug use and dependence, state and federal prisoners 2004 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Program
53. National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse. (2009). Breaking the link: The role of drug treatment in tackling crime. London, England: National Health Services
54. Neale, J., Allen, D., & Coombes, L. (2005). Qualitative research methods within the addictions. Addiction, 100, 1584-1593.
55. National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse. (2010). Routes to recovery: Psychosocial interventions for drug misuse: A framework and toolkit for implementing NICE-recommended treatment interventions. London, England: Centre for Outcomes, Research and Effectiveness
56. Nunkoosing, K. (2005). The problems with interviews. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 698-706.
57. Parker, H. (2005). Normalization as a barometer: Recreational drug use and the consumption of leisure by younger Britons. Addiction Research & Theory, 13, 205-215.
58. Parker, H., Williams, L., & Aldridge, J. (2002). The normalization of "sensible" recreational drug use: Further evidence from the North West England longitudinal study. Sociology, 36, 941-964.
59. Peleg-Oren, N., & Teichman, M. (2006). Young children of parents with substance use disorders (SUD): A review of the literature and implications for social work practice. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 6, 49-61.
60. Popovici, I., French, M. T., & McKay, J. R. (2008). Economic evaluation of continuing care interventions in the treatment of substance abuse: Recommendations for future research. Evaluation Review, 32, 547-568.
61. Prison Reform Trust. (2011). Bromley briefings prison factfile. London, England: Author
62. Robinson, J., Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., & Bolton, J. M. (2011). Role of self-medication in the development of comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders: A longitudinal investigation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 800-807.
63. Rosengard, A., Laing, I., Ridley, J., & Hunter, S. (2007). A literature review on multiple and complex needs. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Social Research
64. Rutherford, M., & Duggan, S. (2009). Meeting complex health needs in prisons. Public Health, 123, 415-418.
65. Seddon, T. (2010). Drugs and crime. In J. Barlow (Ed.), The implications of research, policy and practice (pp. 146-154). London, England: Jessica Kingsley
66. Sigurdsson, J. F., & Gudjonsson, G. H. (1995). Personality characteristics of drug-dependent offenders. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 33-38.
67. Singleton, N., Farrell, M., & Meltzer, H. (1999). Substance misuse among prisoners in England and Wales. London, England: Office for National Statistics
68. Tiet, Q. Q., & Mausbach, B. (2007). Treatments for patients with dual diagnosis: A review. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 31, 513-536.
69. Torrens, M., Mestre-Pintó, J., & Domingo-Salvany, A. (2015). Comorbidity of substance use and mental disorders in Europe. Lisbon, Portugal: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).
70. Tripp, J. C., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., Avery, M. L., & Bracken, K. L. (2015). PTSD symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and alcohol-related consequences among college students with a trauma history. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 11, 107-117.
71. Vinkers, D. J., de Beurs, E., Barendregt, M., Rinne, T., & Hoek, H. W. (2011). The relationship between mental disorders and different types of crime. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 21, 307-320.
72. Wahlstrom, L. C., Scott, J. P., Tuliao, A. P., Di Lillo, D., & McChargue, D. E. (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and aggressive behavior among incarcerated methamphetamine users. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 11, 118-127.
73. Whiteley, C., Mitcheson, L., & Hernen, J. (2012). The contribution of clinical psychologists to recoveryorientated drug and alcohol treatment systems (The British Psychological Society, Ed.). Leicester, UK: Business Process Services
74. Wickrama, K. A. S., Conger, R. D., & Abraham, W. T. (2005). Early adversity and later health: The intergenerational transmission of adversity through mental disorder and physical illness. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 60(Special Issue 2), S125-S129.
75. Wiesner, M., Kim, H. K., & Capaldi, D. M. (2005). Developmental trajectories of offending: Validation and prediction to young adult alcohol use, drug use, and depressive symptoms. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 251-270.
76. Williams, I. (2009). Offender health and social care: A review of the evidence on inter-agency collaboration. Health and Social Care in the Community, 17, 573-580.
77. Williams, L. (2013). Changing lives, changing drug journeys. London, England: Routledge
78. World Health Organization. (2007). Health in prisons: A WHO guide to the essentials in prison health. Copenhagen, Denmark: The Regional Office of the World Health Organization
79. Young, S., Wells, J., & Gudjonsson, G. (2011). Predictors of offending among prisoners: The role of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25, 1524-1532.