Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for respiratory diseases: Current challenges and perspectives, March 31 – April 1, 2016, Tours, France

mAbs

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 999-1009

  Desoubeaux, Guillaume ^a,b,c   Reichert, Janice M ^d,e   Sleeman, Matthew ^f   Reckamp, Karen L ^g   Ryffel, Bernhard ^h,i   Adamczewski, Jörg P ^j   Sweeney, Theresa D ^k   Vanbever, Rita ^l   Diot, Patrice ^a,b,c   Owen, Caroline A ^m,n   Page, Clive ^o   Lerondel, Stéphanie ^p   Le Pape, Alain ^a,b,p   Heuze Vourc'h, Nathalie ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE TOURS   (France)

^b Université Franaois Rabelais   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF TOURS   (France)

^d Antibody Society   (United States)

^e Reichert Biotechnology Consulting LLC   (United States)

^f MEDIMMUNE   (United States)

^g CITY OF HOPE NATIONAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITÉ D'ORLÉANS   (France)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^j SANOFI   (France)

^k NEKTAR THERAPEUTICS   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^m BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

ⁿ LOVELACE RESPIRATORY RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^o KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^p TAAM CIPA   (France)

more..

Author keywords

animal models; Antibody therapeutics; infectious diseases; inhalation; innovation; respiratory diseases

Indexed keywords

DOCETAXEL; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 5; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 1; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NECITUMUMAB; NIVOLUMAB; PALIVIZUMAB; PANOBACUMAB; PEMBROLIZUMAB; PROGRAMMED DEATH 1 LIGAND 1; RAMUCIRUMAB; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR 2;

ASTHMA; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS; FRANCE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; NONHUMAN; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL THERAPY; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PROCEDURES; TRENDS;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; BIOLOGICAL THERAPY; HUMANS; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES;

EID: 84976597288     PISSN: 19420862     EISSN: 19420870     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1196521     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. J.M.Reichert. Antibodies to watch in 2016. mAbs 2016; 8:197-204; PMID:26651519; doi 10.1080/19420862.2015.1125583
2. S.Traub, A.Nikonova, A.Carruthers, R.Dunmore, K.A.Vousden, L.Gogsadze, W.Hao, Q.Zhu, K.Bernard, J.Zhu, et al. An anti-human ICAM-1 antibody inhibits rhinovirus-induced exacerbations of lung inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003520; PMID:23935498; doi 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003520
3. R.B.Turner, M.T.Wecker, G.Pohl, T.J.Witek, E.McNally, R.St George, B.Winther, F.G.Hayden. Efficacy of tremacamra, a soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, for experimental rhinovirus infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1999; 281:1797-804; PMID:10340366; doi 10.1001/jama.281.19.1797
4. J.Kearley, J.S.Silver, C.Sanden, Z.Liu, A.A.Berlin, N.White, M.Mori, T.-H.Pham, C.K.Ward, G.J.Criner, et al. Cigarette smoke silences innate lymphoid cell function and facilitates an exacerbated type I interleukin-33-dependent response to infection. Immunity 2015; 42:566-79; PMID:25786179; doi 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.011
5. E.S.Cohen, I.C.Scott, J.B.Majithiya, L.Rapley, B.P.Kemp, E.England, D.G.Rees, C.L.Overed-Sayer, J.Woods, N.J.Bond, et al. Oxidation of the alarmin IL-33 regulates ST2-dependent inflammation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8327; PMID:26365875; doi 10.1038/ncomms9327
6. M.P.Horn, A.W.Zuercher, M.A.Imboden, M.P.Rudolf, H.Lazar, H.Wu, N.Hoiby, S.C.Fas, A.B.Lang. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo characterization of the fully human monoclonal IgM antibody KBPA101 specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype IATS-O11. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:2338-44; PMID:20308370; doi 10.1128/AAC.01142-09
7. T.Secher, L.Fauconnier, A.Szade, O.Rutschi, S.C.Fas, B.Ryffel, M.P.Rudolf. Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11 LPS immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody panobacumab (KBPA101) confers protection in a murine model of acute lung infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1100-9; PMID:21393169; doi 10.1093/jac/dkr038
8. T.Secher, S.Fas, L.Fauconnier, M.Mathieu, O.Rutschi, B.Ryffel, M.Rudolf. The anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibody Panobacumab is efficacious on acute pneumonia in neutropenic mice and has additive effects with meropenem. PloS One 2013; 8:e73396; PMID:24023870; doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0073396
9. Y.-A.Que, H.Lazar, M.Wolff, B.François, P.-F.Laterre, E.Mercier, J.Garbino, J.-L.Pagani, J.-P.Revelly, E.Mus, et al. Assessment of panobacumab as adjunctive immunotherapy for the treatment of nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol 2014; 33:1861-7; doi 10.1007/s10096-014-2156-1
10. A.Sandler, R.Gray, M.C.Perry, J.Brahmer, J.H.Schiller, A.Dowlati, R.Lilenbaum, D.H.Johnson. Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2542-50; PMID:17167137; doi 10.1056/NEJMoa061884
11. M.Reck, J.von Pawel, P.Zatloukal, R.Ramlau, V.Gorbounova, V.Hirsh, N.Leighl, J.Mezger, V.Archer, N.Moore, et al. Phase III trial of cisplatin plus gemcitabine with either placebo or bevacizumab as first-line therapy for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: AVAil. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2009; 27:1227-34; doi 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.5466
12. E.B.Garon, T.-E.Ciuleanu, O.Arrieta, K.Prabhash, K.N.Syrigos, T.Goksel, K.Park, V.Gorbunova, R.D.Kowalyszyn, J.Pikiel, et al. Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel for second-line treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum-based therapy (REVEL): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Lond Engl 2014; 384:665-73; doi 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60845-X
13. N.Thatcher, F.R.Hirsch, A.V.Luft, A.Szczesna, T.E.Ciuleanu, M.Dediu, R.Ramlau, R.K.Galiulin, B.Bálint, G.Losonczy, et al. Necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin alone as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (SQUIRE): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:763-74; PMID:26045340; doi 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00021-2
14. L.Paz-Ares, J.Mezger, T.E.Ciuleanu, J.R.Fischer, J.von Pawel, M.Provencio, A.Kazarnowicz, G.Losonczy, G.de Castro, A.Szczesna, et al. Necitumumab plus pemetrexed and cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (INSPIRE): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:328-37; PMID:25701171; doi 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70046-X
15. J.Brahmer, K.L.Reckamp, P.Baas, L.Crin∫, W.E.E.Eberhardt, E.Poddubskaya, S.Antonia, A.Pluzanski, E.E.Vokes, E.Holgado, et al. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:123-35; PMID:26028407; doi 10.1056/NEJMoa1504627
16. H.Borghaei, L.Paz-Ares, L.Horn, D.R.Spigel, M.Steins, N.E.Ready, L.Q.Chow, E.E.Vokes, E.Felip, E.Holgado, et al. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1627-39; PMID:26412456; doi 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643
17. R.S.Herbst, P.Baas, D.-W.Kim, E.Felip, J.L.Pérez-Gracia, J.-Y.Han, J.Molina, J.-H.Kim, C.D.Arvis, M.-J.Ahn, et al. Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl 2016; 387:1540-50; doi 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7
18. E.B.Garon, N.A.Rizvi, R.Hui, N.Leighl, A.S.Balmanoukian, J.P.Eder, A.Patnaik, C.Aggarwal, M.Gubens, L.Horn, et al. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2018-28; PMID:25891174; doi 10.1056/NEJMoa1501824
19. L.Fehrenbacher, A.Spira, M.Ballinger, M.Kowanetz, J.Vansteenkiste, J.Mazieres, K.Park, D.Smith, A.Artal-Cortes, C.Lewanski, et al. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl 2016 Apr 30;387(10030):1837-46.
20. A.Verdoliva, P.Bellofiore, V.Rivieccio, S.Catello, M.Colombo, C.Albertoni, A.Rosi, B.Leoni, A.M.Anastasi, R.De Santis. Biochemical and biological characterization of a new oxidized avidin with enhanced tissue binding properties. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9090-9; PMID:20100839; doi 10.1074/jbc.M109.080457
21. R.De Santis, A.Rosi, A.M.Anastasi, C.Chiapparino, C.Albertoni, B.Leoni, A.Pelliccia, D.Santapaola, V.Carollo, E.Marra, et al. Efficacy of aerosol therapy of lung cancer correlates with EGFR paralysis induced by AvidinOX-anchored biotinylated Cetuximab. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9239-55; PMID:25238453; doi 10.18632/oncotarget.2409
22. M.Bruchard, C.Rebé, V.Derangère, D.Togbé, B.Ryffel, R.Boidot, E.Humblin, A.Hamman, F.Chalmin, H.Berger, et al. Corrigendum: The receptor NLRP3 is a transcriptional regulator of TH2 differentiation. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:1292; PMID:26580508; doi 10.1038/ni1215-1292a
23. A.-G.Besnard, D.Togbe, I.Couillin, Z.Tan, S.G.Zheng, F.Erard, M.Le Bert, V.Quesniaux, B.Ryffel. Inflammasome-IL-1-Th17 response in allergic lung inflammation. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:3-10; PMID:22147847; doi 10.1093/jmcb/mjr042
24. F.Madouri, N.Guillou, L.Fauconnier, T.Marchiol, N.Rouxel, P.Chenuet, A.Ledru, L.Apetoh, F.Ghiringhelli, M.Chamaillard, et al. Caspase-1 activation by NLRP3 inflammasome dampens IL-33-dependent house dust mite-induced allergic lung inflammation. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:351-65; PMID:25714839; doi 10.1093/jmcb/mjv012
25. B.Lamas, M.L.Richard, V.Leducq, H.-P.Pham, M.-L.Michel, G.Da Costa, C.Bridonneau, S.Jegou, T.W.Hoffmann, J.M.Natividad, et al. CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Nat Med 2016; 22(6):598-605; PMID:27158904; doi 10.1038/nm.4102
26. C.Michaudel, A.Couturier-Maillard, P.Chenuet, I.Maillet, C.Mura, I.Couillin, A.Gombault, V.F.Quesniaux, F.Huaux, B.Ryffel. Inflammasome, IL-1 and inflammation in ozone-induced lung injury. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 5:33-40; PMID:27168953
27. P.Roversi, B.Ryffel, D.Togbe, I.Maillet, M.Teixeira, N.Ahmat, G.C.Paesen, O.Lissina, W.Boland, K.Ploss, et al. Bifunctional lipocalin ameliorates murine immune complex-induced acute lung injury. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18789-802; PMID:23625922; doi 10.1074/jbc.M112.420331
28. S.J.Koussoroplis, G.Paulissen, D.Tyteca, H.Goldansaz, J.Todoroff, C.Barilly, C.Uyttenhove, J.Van Snick, D.Cataldo, R.Vanbever. PEGylation of antibody fragments greatly increases their local residence time following delivery to the respiratory tract. J Control Release Off J Control Release Soc 2014; 187:91-100; doi 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.021
29. M.-E.Goebeler, R.Bargou. Blinatumomab: a CD19/CD3 bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) with unique anti-tumor efficacy. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:1021-32; PMID:27050240; doi 10.3109/10428194.2016.1161185
30. A.Steinmetz, F.Vallée, C.Beil, C.Lange, N.Baurin, J.Beninga, C.Capdevila, C.Corvey, A.Dupuy, P.Ferrari, et al. CODV-Ig, a universal bispecific tetravalent and multifunctional immunoglobulin format for medical applications. mAbs 2016; 1-12; PMID:26984268; doi 10.1080/19420862.2016.1162932
31. K.Tamura, H.Kurihara, K.Yonemori, H.Tsuda, J.Suzuki, Y.Kono, N.Honda, M.Kodaira, H.Yamamoto, M.Yunokawa, et al. 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET imaging in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. J Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med 2013; 54:1869-75; doi 10.2967/jnumed.112.118612
32. E.C.F.Dijkers, J.G.W.Kosterink, A.P.Rademaker, L.R.Perk, G.A.M.S.van Dongen, J.Bart, J.R.de Jong, E.G.E.de Vries, M.N.Lub-de Hooge. Development and characterization of clinical-grade 89Zr-trastuzumab for HER2/neu immunoPET imaging. J Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med 2009; 50:974-81; doi 10.2967/jnumed.108.060392
33. R.B.J.Fick, J.A.Fox, P.M.Jardieu. Immunopharmacology. 2000 Jul 25; 48(3):307-10. Review; doi 10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00229-0
34. J.V.Fahy, D.W.Cockcroft, L.P.Boulet, H.H.Wong, F.Deschesnes, E.E.Davis, J.Ruppel, J.Q.Su, D.C.Adelman. Effect of aerosolized anti-IgE (E25) on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1023-7; PMID:10471635; doi 10.1164/ajrccm.160.3.9810012
35. L.Guilleminault, N.Azzopardi, C.Arnoult, J.Sobilo, V.Hervé, J.Montharu, A.Guillon, C.R.Andres, O.Hérault, A.Le Pape, et al. Fate of inhaled monoclonal antibodies after the deposition of aerosolized particles in the respiratory system. J Control Release 2014 Dec 28;196:344-54; PMID:25451545
36. D.Lightwood, V.O'Dowd, B.Carrington, V.Veverka, M.D.Carr, M.Tservistas, A.J.Henry, B.Smith, K.Tyson, S.Lamour, et al. The discovery, engineering and characterisation of a highly potent anti-human IL-13 fab fragment designed for administration by inhalation. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:577-93; PMID:23219467; doi 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.11.036
37. L.Detalle, T.Stohr, C.Palomo, P.A.Piedra, B.E.Gilbert, V.Mas, A.Millar, U.F.Power, C.Stortelers, K.Allosery, et al. Generation and Characterization of ALX-0171, a Potent Novel Therapeutic Nanobody for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6-13; doi 10.1128/AAC.01802-15
38. K.M.Murphy, P.Travers, M.Walport. Janeway's Immunobiology. Seven edition. New York: Garland Science; 2007.
39. G.Pelaia, A.Vatrella, R.Maselli. The potential of biologics for the treatment of asthma. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:958-72; PMID:23197041; doi 10.1038/nrd3792
40. A.L.Nelson, J.M.Reichert. Development trends for therapeutic antibody fragments. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27:331-7; PMID:19352366; doi 10.1038/nbt0409-331
41. A.Maillet, N.Congy-Jolivet, S.Le Guellec, L.Vecellio, S.Hamard, Y.Courty, A.Courtois, F.Gauthier, P.Diot, G.Thibault, et al. Aerodynamical, immunological and pharmacological properties of the anticancer antibody cetuximab following nebulization. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1318-26; PMID:18030605; doi 10.1007/s11095-007-9481-3
42. R.Respaud, D.Marchand, C.Parent, T.Pelat, P.Thullier, J.-F.Tournamille, M.-C.Viaud-Massuard, P.Diot, M.Si-Tahar, L.Vecellio, et al. Effect of formulation on the stability and aerosol performance of a nebulized antibody. mAbs 2014; 6:1347-55; PMID:25517319; doi 10.4161/mabs.29938
43. V.Hervé, N.Rabbe, L.Guilleminault, F.Paul, L.Schlick, N.Azzopardi, M.Duruisseaux, D.Fouquenet, J.Montharu, F.Redini, et al. VEGF neutralizing aerosol therapy in primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma with K-ras activating-mutations. mAbs 2014; 6:1638-48; doi 10.4161/mabs.34454
44. M.E.Laucho-Contreras, K.L.Taylor, R.Mahadeva, S.S.Boukedes, C.A.Owen. Automated measurement of pulmonary emphysema and small airway remodeling in cigarette smoke-exposed mice; Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jun;161(6):1957-62; PMID:25651034; doi 10.3791/52236
45. J.-H.Lee, D.-S.Lee, E.-K.Kim, K.-H.Choe, Y.-M.Oh, T.-S.Shim, S.-E.Kim, Y.-S.Lee, S.-D.Lee. Simvastatin inhibits cigarette smoking-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in rat lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:987-93; PMID:16002570; doi 10.1164/rccm.200501-041OC
46. P.A.Martorana, R.Beume, M.Lucattelli, L.Wollin, G.Lungarella. Roflumilast fully prevents emphysema in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:848-53; PMID:15961691; doi 10.1164/rccm.200411-1549OC
47. F.Polverino, M.Doyle-Eisele, J.McDonald, J.A.Wilder, C.Royer, M.Laucho-Contreras, E.M.Kelly, M.Divo, V.Pinto-Plata, J.Mauderly, et al. A novel nonhuman primate model of cigarette smoke-induced airway disease. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:741-55; PMID:25542772; doi 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.006
48. M.E.Laucho-Contreras, F.Polverino, K.Gupta, K.L.Taylor, E.Kelly, V.Pinto-Plata, M.Divo, N.Ashfaq, H.Petersen, B.Stripp, et al. Protective role for club cell secretory protein-16 (CC16) in the development of COPD. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1544-56; PMID:25700379; doi 10.1183/09031936.00134214
49. R.Lundgren, M.Söderberg, P.Hörstedt, R.Stenling. Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids. Eur Respir J 1988; 1:883-9; PMID:3224689
50. D.Spina, C.P.Page. Asthma – a need for a rethink?. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2002; 23:311-5; PMID:12119151; doi 10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02022-9
51. J.Van Schoor, G.F.Joos, R.A.Pauwels. Indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma: mechanisms, pharmacology and implications for clinical research. Eur Respir J 2000; 16:514-33; PMID:11028670; doi 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.016003514.x
52. S.D.Keir, D.Spina, G.Douglas, C.Herd, C.P.Page. Airway responsiveness in an allergic rabbit model. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011; 64:187-95; PMID:21854860; doi 10.1016/j.vascn.2011.08.003
53. E.M.Minshall, M.M.Riccio, C.M.Herd, G.J.Douglas, E.A.Seeds, M.G.McKenniff, M.Sasaki, D.Spina, C.P.Page. A novel animal model for investigating persistent airway hyperresponsiveness. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1993; 30:177-88; PMID:8123899; doi 10.1016/1056-8719(93)90015-7
54. S.Keir, C.Page, D.Spina. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by chronic treatment with albuterol: Role of sensory nerves. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110:388-94; PMID:12209084; doi 10.1067/mai.2002.126661
55. V.Boswell-Smith, D.Spina, A.W.Oxford, M.B.Comer, E.A.Seeds, C.P.Page. The pharmacology of two novel long-acting phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitors, RPL554 [9,10-dimethoxy-2(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)-3-(n-carbamoyl-2-aminoethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one] and RPL565 [6,7-dihydro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)-9,10-dimethoxy-4H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:840-8; PMID:16682455; doi 10.1124/jpet.105.099192
56. L.G.Franciosi, Z.Diamant, K.H.Banner, R.Zuiker, N.Morelli, I.M.C.Kamerling, M.L.de Kam, J.Burggraaf, A.F.Cohen, M.Cazzola, et al. Efficacy and safety of RPL554, a dual PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitor, in healthy volunteers and in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: findings from four clinical trials. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1:714-27; PMID:24429275; doi 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70187-5
57. C.Grandin, M.Lucas-Hourani, M.Clavel, F.Taborik, A.Vabret, F.Tangy, H.Contamin, P.-O.Vidalain. Evidence for an intranasal immune response to human respiratory syncytial virus infection in cynomolgus macaques. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:782-92; PMID:25537374; doi 10.1099/vir.0.000039
58. C.Grandin, M.-L.Hourani, Y.L.Janin, D.Dauzonne, H.Munier-Lehmann, A.Paturet, F.Taborik, A.Vabret, H.Contamin, F.Tangy, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in macaques is not suppressed by intranasal sprays of pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2016; 125:58-62; PMID:26593978; doi 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.11.006
59. M.Zeitlinger, M.Müller, C.Joukhadar. Lung microdialysis–a powerful tool for the determination of exogenous and endogenous compounds in the lower respiratory tract (mini-review). AAPS J 2005; 7:E600-608; PMID:16353939; doi 10.1208/aapsj070362
60. A.de la Peña, P.Liu, H.Derendorf. Microdialysis in peripheral tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2000; 45:189-216; doi 10.1016/S0169-409X(00)00106-X