Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratioes and sanitary conditions on performance, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma-free threonine and lysine of weaned pigs

Animal Nutrition

Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 283-288

  Jayaraman, Balachandar ^a   Htoo, John ^b   Nyachoti, Charles Martin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Growth performance; Sanitation; Threonine:lysine ratio; Weaned pigs

Indexed keywords

EID: 84975762411     PISSN: 24056545     EISSN: 24056383     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.09.003     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Adeola, O., Lawrence, B.V., Cline, T.R., Availability of amino acids for 10- to 20- kilogram pigs: lysine and threonine in soybean meal. J Anim Sci 72 (1994), 2061–2067.
2. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official methods of analysis. 17th ed., 2000, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
3. Baker, D.H., Recent advances in use of the ideal protein concept for swine feed formulation. Asian-Aus J Anim Sci 13 (2000), 294–301.
4. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Guidelines on: the care and use of experimental animals in research, teaching and testing. 2009, CCAC, Ottawa, ON.
5. Coma, J., Carrion, D., Zimmerman, D.R., Use of plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion to determine the lysine requirement of pigs. J Anim Sci 73 (1995), 472–481.
6. Commission Directive, Establishing community methods for the determination of amino-acids, crude oils and fats, and olanquindox in feeding stuff and amending directive 71/393/EEC, Annex Part A: determination of amino acids. Off J Eur Comm L257 (1998), 14–23.
7. Commission Directive, Establishing community methods for the determination of vitamin A, vitamin E and Trp, Annex Part C: determination of tryptophan. Off J Eur Comm L174 (2000), 45–50.
8. Defa, L., Changting, X., Shiyan, Q., Jinhui, Z., Johnson, E.W., Thacker, P.A., Effects of dietary threonine on performance, plasma parameters and immune function of growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Tech 78 (1999), 179–188.
9. de Lange, C.F.M., Pluske, J., Gong, J., Nyachoti, C.M., Strategic use of feed ingredients and feed additives to stimulate gut health and development in young pigs. Livest Sci 134 (2010), 124–134.
10. Fernandez, J.A., Strathe, A., Dietary tryptophan and threonine supply to 28 days old weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Tech 154 (2009), 265–270.
11. Heo, J., Kim, J., Hansen, J.R., Mullan, B., Hampson, D., Pluske, J., Feeding a diet with decreased protein content reduces indices of protein fermentation and the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea in weaned pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci 87 (2009), 2833–2843.
12. James, B.W., Tokach, M.D., Goodband, R.D., Dritz, S.S., Nelssen, J.L., Usry, J.L., The optimal true ileal digestible threonine requirement for nursery pigs between 11 to 22 kg. J Anim Sci, 81, 2003, 42.
13. Kahindi, R.K., Htoo, J.K., Nyachoti, C.M., Effect of dietary lysine content and sanitation conditions on performance of weaned pigs fed antibiotic-free diets. Can J Anim Sci 94 (2014), 115–118.
14. Kahindi, R.K., Htoo, J.K., Nyachoti, C.M., The standardised ileal digestible lysine requirement of 7 to 16 kg weaned pigs fed antibiotic-free diet. AVTRW/BSAS/WPSA Conference - Innovation from animal science - Science into Practice University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, UK 29-30 April, 2014, 121.
15. Lee, C.L., Giles, R., Bryden, W.L., Downing, J.L., Owens, P.C., Kirby, A.C., et al. Performance and endocrine responses of group housed weaner pigs exposed to the air quality of a commercial environment. Livest Prod Sci 93 (2005), 255–262.
16. Le Floc'h, N., Jondreville, C., Matte, J.J., Seve, B., Importance of sanitary environment for growth performance and plasma nutrient homeostasis during the postweaning period in piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 60 (2006), 23–34.
17. Le Floc'h, N., Lebellago, L., Matte, J.J., Melchior, D., Seve, B., The effect of sanitary status degradation and dietary tryptophan content on growth rate and tryptophan metabolism in weaning pigs. J Anim Sci 87 (2009), 1686–1694.
18. Le Floc'h, N., Seve, B., Modification of protein and amino acid metabolism during inflammation and immune system activation. Livest Prod Sci 87 (2004), 37–45.
19. Lenehan, N.A., Tokach, M.D., Dritz, S.S., Goodband, R.D., Nelssen, J.L., Usry, J.L., et al. The optimal true ileal digestible lysine and threonine requirement for nursery pigs between 10 and 20 kg. J Anim Sci, 82, 2004, 293.
20. Llames, C.R., Fontaine, J., Determination of amino acids in feeds: collaborative study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 77 (1994), 1362–1402.
21. Marquardt, R.R., Jin, R.L., Kim, J.W., Fang, A., Frolich, A., Baidoo, S.K., Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 23 (1999), 283–288.
22. National Research Council, Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed., 2012, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
23. Nyachoti, C.M., Omogbenigun, F.O., Rademacher, M., Blank, G., Performance responses and indicators of gastrointestinal health in early-weaned pigs fed low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets. J Anim Sci 84 (2006), 125–134.
24. Ren, M., Liu, X.T., Wang, X., Zhang, G.Z., Qiao, S.Y., Zeng, X.F., Increasing levels of standardized ileal digestible threonine attenuates intestinal damage and immune response in E. coli K88+ challenge in weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Tech 195 (2014), 67–75.
25. Robbins, K.R., Saxton, A.M., Southern, L.L., Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. J Anim Sci 84 (2006), 155–165.
26. Ruth, M.R., Field, C.J., The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue. J Anim Sci Biotech, 4, 2013, 27.
27. Saldana, C.I., Knabe, D.A., Owen, K.Q., Burgoon, K.G., Gregg, E.J., Digestible threonine requirement of starter and finisher pigs. J Anim Sci 72 (1994), 144–150.
28. Shen, Y.B., Voilque, G., Kim, J.D., Odle, J., Kim, S.W., Effects of increasing tryptophan intake on growth and physiological changes in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 90 (2012), 2264–2275.
29. Trevisi, P., Simongiovanni, A., Casini, L., Mazzoni, M., Messori, S., Priori, D., et al. Effect of dietary threonine on weaned piglets susceptible or not to Escherichia coli K88, under E. coli K88 challenge. Book of abstracts of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, 29 August-2 September, 2011, 158 Stavanger.
30. Waguespack, A.M., Powell, S., Roux, M.L., Fruge, E.D., Bidner, T.D., Payne, R.L., et al. Technical note: effect of determining baseline plasma urea nitrogen concentrations on subsequent post-treatment plasma urea nitrogen concentrations in 20-59-kilogram pigs. J Anim Sci 89 (2011), 4116–4119.
31. Wang, X., Qiao, S.Y., Liu, M., Ma, Y.X., Effects of graded levels of true ileal digestible threonine on performance, serum parameters and immune function of 10-25 kg pigs. Anim Feed Sci Tech 129 (2006), 264–278.
32. Williams, N.H., Stahly, T.S., Zimmerman, D.R., Effect of chronic immune system activation on body nitrogen retention, partial efficiency of lysine utilization, and lysine needs of pigs. J Anim Sci 75 (1997), 2472–2480.
33. Zhang, Z.F., Kim, I.H., Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratios on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen and nitrogen balance in weaned pigs. J Appl Anim Res 42 (2014), 440–444.
34. Zhang, G.J., Xie, C.Y., Thacker, P.A., Htoo, J.K., Qiao, S.Y., Estimation of the ideal ratio of standardized ileal digestible threonine to lysine for growing pigs (22–50 kg) fed low crude protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Anim Feed Sci Tech 180 (2013), 83–91.