Effects of dietary threonine on performance, plasma parameters and immune function of growing pigs

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Volumn 78, Issue 3-4, 1999, Pages 179-188

  Defa, Li ^a   Changting, Xiao ^a   Shiyan, Qiao ^a   Jinhui, Zhang ^a   Johnson, E W ^b   Thacker, P A ^c  

^a CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b PMX Technologies   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Growing pigs; Growth performance; Immunity; Plasma constituents; Threonine

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032963837     PISSN: 03778401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00005-X     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Aschkenasy A. Prevention of the immunodepressive effects of excess dietary leucine by isoleucine and valine in the rat. J. Nutr. 109:1979;1214-1222.
2. Austic, R.E., Dietert, R.R., Sung, Y.L., Taylor, R.L., 1991. Amino acids in immune function. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf., pp. 109-114.
3. Bhargava K.K., Hanson R.P., Sunde M.L. Effects of threonine on growth and antibody production in chicks infected with Newcastle Disease Virus. Poult. Sci. 50:1971;710-713.
4. Cannon P.R. Antibodies and the protein reserves. J. Immunol. 44:1942;107-114.
5. Chandra, R.K., Newberne, P.M., 1977. Nutrition, Immunity and Infection: Mechanisms of Interactions. Plenum Press, New York, NY, NY, 246 pp.
6. Chandra R.K. Protein-energy malnutrition and immunological responses. J. Nutr. 122:1992;597-600.
7. Cohen R.S., Tanksley T.D. Limiting amino acids in sorghum for growing and finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 43:1976;1028-1034.
8. Coma J., Carrion D., Zimmerman D.R. Use of plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion to determine the lysine requirement of pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1995;472-481.
9. Conway D., Sauer W.C., den Hartog L.A., Huisman J. Studies on the threonine requirements of growing pigs based on the total, ileal and faecal digestible contents. Livest. Prod. Sci. 25:1990;105-120.
10. Crumpton M.J., Wilkinson J.M. Amino acid composition of human and rabbit g-globulins and of the fragments produced by reduction. Biochem. J. 88:1963;228-234.
11. Eckert T.E., Allee G.L. Limiting amino acids in milo for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 39:1974;694-698.
12. Fuller, M.F., Livingstone, R.M., Baird, B.A., Atkinson, T., 1979a. The optimal amino acid supplementation of barley for the growing pig 1. Response of nitrogen metabolism to progressive supplementation. Br. J. Nutr. 41, 321-331.
13. Fuller, M.F., Mennie, I., Crofts, R.M.J., 1979b. The optimal amino acid supplementation of barley for the growing pig 2. Optimal additions of lysine and threonine for growth. Br. J. Nutr. 41, 333-340.
14. Gatel F., Fekete J. Lysine and threonine balance and requirements for weaned piglets 10-25 kg liveweight fed cereal-based diets. Livest. Prod. Sci. 23:1989;195-206.
15. Gershoff S.N., Gill T.J., Simonian S.J., Steinberg A.I. Some effects of amino acid deficiencies on antibody formation in the rat. J. Nutr. 95:1968;184-189.
16. Gershwin, M.E., Beach, R.S., Hurley, L.S., 1985. Nutrition and Immunity. Academic Press, New York, NY, 417 pp.
17. Grosbach D.A., Lewis A.J., Peo E.R. An evaluation of threonine and isoleucine as the third and fourth limiting amino acids in corn for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 60:1985;487-494.
18. Hansen, J.A., Knabe, D.A., Burgoon, K.G., 1993a. Amino acid supplementation of low-protein sorghum-soybean meal diets for 5-20 kg swine. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 442-451.
19. Hansen, J.A., Knabe, D.A., Burgoon, K.G., 1993b. Amino acid supplementation of low-protein, sorghum-soybean meal diets for 20-50 kg swine. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 452-458.
20. Jose D.G., Good R.A. Quantitative effects of nutritional protein and calorie deficiency upon immune responses to tumors in mice. Cancer Res. 33:1973;807-812.
21. Keshavarz-Valian H., Alger N.E., Boissonneault G.A. Effects of p-aminobenzoic acid, methionine, threonine and protein levels on the susceptibility of mice to Plasmodium berghei. J. Nutr. 115:1985;1613-1620.
22. Lewis A.J., Peo E.R., Moser B.D., Crenshaw T.D. Lysine requirements of pigs weighing 5-15 kg fed practical diets with and without fat. J. Anim. Sci. 51:1980;361-366.
23. Mitchell J.R., Becker D.E., Jensen A.H., Harmon B.G., Norton H.W. Determination of amino acid needs of the young pig by nitrogen balance and plasma-free amino acids. J. Anim. Sci. 27:1968;1327-1331.
24. NRC (National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council), 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. No 2. Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 10th ed. NAS-NRC, Washington, DC, 189 pp.
25. Rosell V.L., Zimmerman D.R. Threonine requirement of pigs weighing 5-15 kg and the effect of excess methionine in diets marginal in threonine. J. Anim. Sci. 60:1985;480-486.
26. Russell L.E., Easter R.A., Gomez-Rojas V., Cromwell G.L., Stahly T.S. A note on the supplementation of low protein, maize-soya-bean meal diets with lysine, threonine and methionine for growing pigs. Anim. Prod. 42:1986;291-295.
27. Schutte J.B., Bosch M.W., Lenis N.P., de Jong J., van Diepen J.T.M. Amino acid requirements of pigs 2. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of young pigs. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 38:1990;597-607.
28. Smith E.L., Greene R.D. Further studies on the amino acid composition of immune proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 171:1947;355-362.
29. SAS (Statistical Analysis System Inc.), 1989. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 943 pp.
30. Tao, Y., Ying, C., Ni, Z., Li, J., Li, L., 1982. Clinical Biochemical Analysis, 2nd ed. Shanghai Scientific Technical Press, Shanghai, pp. 102-103.
31. Tenenhouse H.S., Deutsch H.F. Some physical-chemical properties of chicken gamma-globulins and their pepsin and papain digestion product. Immunochemistry. 3:1966;11-20.
32. Yang, S.X., 1993. Methods of Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Determination. Beijing Agricultural University Press, Beijing, China, 260 pp.
33. Yang, Hanchun, 1996. Veterinary Immunology. China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, China, 210 pp.
34. Yang, Hanchun, Zheng, Shijun, 1992. Experimental Techniques in Veterinary Immunology. Beijing Agricultural University Press, Beijing, China, 43 pp.