메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 2833-2843

Feeding a diet with decreased protein content reduces indices of protein fermentation and the incidence of postweaning diarrhea in weaned pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli

Author keywords

Escherichia coli; Infection; Low protein; Pig; Postweaning diarrhea; Production

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; VOLATILE FATTY ACID;

EID: 70249133718     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1274     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (129)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0004202155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AOAC., 16th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Washington, DC
    • AOAC. 1997. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Washington, DC.
    • (1997) Official Methods of Analysis
  • 2
    • 34247510241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the fermentation end-product profile in the gut of piglets during post-colostrum suckling period
    • Awati, A., S. D'Urso, B. A. Williams, M. Bosch, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2007. Changes in the fermentation end-product profile in the gut of piglets during post-colostrum suckling period. Livest. Sci. 108:156-158.
    • (2007) Livest. Sci. , vol.108 , pp. 156-158
    • Awati, A.1    D'urso, S.2    Williams, B.A.3    Bosch, M.4    Verstegen, M.W.A.5
  • 3
    • 0000054097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding
    • Bach Knudsen, K. E. 1997. Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67:319-338.
    • (1997) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.67 , pp. 319-338
    • Bach Knudsen, K.E.1
  • 4
    • 0000041648 scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary nutrient density, level of feed intake and weaning age on young pigs. II. Apparent nutrient digestibility and incidence and severity of diarrhea
    • Ball, R. O., and F. X. Aherne. 1987. Influence of dietary nutrient density, level of feed intake and weaning age on young pigs. II. Apparent nutrient digestibility and incidence and severity of diarrhea. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 67:1105-1115.
    • (1987) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1105-1115
    • Ball, R.O.1    Aherne, F.X.2
  • 5
    • 33845277116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets
    • Bikker, P., A. Dirkzwager, J. Fledderus, P. Trevisi, I. le Huerou-Luron, J. P. Lalles, and A. Awati. 2006. The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 84:3337-3345.
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 3337-3345
    • Bikker, P.1    Dirkzwager, A.2    Fledderus, J.3    Trevisi, P.4    le Huerou-Luron, I.5    Lalles, J.P.6    Awati, A.7
  • 6
    • 34247638599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of weaning age, diet composition, and categorisation of creep feed intake by piglets on diarrhoea and performance after weaning
    • Callesen, J., D. Halas, F. Thorup, K. E. Bach Knudsen, J. C. Kim, B. P. Mullan, D. J. Hampson, R. H. Wilson, and J. R. Pluske. 2007. The effects of weaning age, diet composition, and categorisation of creep feed intake by piglets on diarrhoea and performance after weaning. Livest. Sci. 108:120-123.
    • (2007) Livest. Sci. , vol.108 , pp. 120-123
    • Callesen, J.1    Halas, D.2    Thorup, F.3    Bach Knudsen, K.E.4    Kim, J.C.5    Mullan, B.P.6    Hampson, D.J.7    Wilson, R.H.8    Pluske, J.R.9
  • 7
    • 0029363788 scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma urea concentration can be used to determine protein requirements of two populations of pigs with different protein accretion rates
    • Chen, H.-Y., P. S. Miller, A. J. Lewis, C. K. Wolverton, and W. W. Stroup. 1995. Changes in plasma urea concentration can be used to determine protein requirements of two populations of pigs with different protein accretion rates. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2631-2639.
    • (1995) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.73 , pp. 2631-2639
    • Chen, H.-Y.1    Miller, P.S.2    Lewis, A.J.3    Wolverton, C.K.4    Stroup, W.W.5
  • 8
    • 0026929983 scopus 로고
    • Ideal amino acid pattern for 10-kilogram pigs
    • Chung, T. K., and D. H. Baker. 1992. Ideal amino acid pattern for 10-kilogram pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3102-3111.
    • (1992) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 3102-3111
    • Chung, T.K.1    Baker, D.H.2
  • 9
    • 0034568121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acid analysis using precolumn derivatisation with 6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate
    • in, No. 159. C. Cooper, N. Packer, and K. Williams, ed. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
    • Cohen, S. A. 2001. Amino acid analysis using precolumn derivatisation with 6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. Pages 39-47 in Methods in Molecular Biology No. 159. C. Cooper, N. Packer, and K. Williams, ed. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
    • (2001) Methods in Molecular Biology , pp. 39-47
    • Cohen, S.A.1
  • 10
    • 0029448352 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of rate of lean tissue growth and other factors to concentration of urea in plasma of pigs
    • Coma, J., D. R. Zimmerman, and D. Carrion. 1995. Relationship of rate of lean tissue growth and other factors to concentration of urea in plasma of pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3649-3656.
    • (1995) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.73 , pp. 3649-3656
    • Coma, J.1    Zimmerman, D.R.2    Carrion, D.3
  • 12
    • 33748577356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cyadox and olaquindox on intestinal mucosal immunity and on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli in piglets
    • Ding, M. X., Y. L. Wang, H. L. Zhu, and Z. H. Yuan. 2006. Effects of cyadox and olaquindox on intestinal mucosal immunity and on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli in piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2367-2373.
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 2367-2373
    • Ding, M.X.1    Wang, Y.L.2    Zhu, H.L.3    Yuan, Z.H.4
  • 13
    • 72649101540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal bacteria and their influence on swine growth
    • in, 2nd ed. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Gaskins, H. R. 2001. Intestinal bacteria and their influence on swine growth. Pages 585-608 in Swine Nutrition. 2nd ed. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    • (2001) Swine Nutrition , pp. 585-608
    • Gaskins, H.R.1
  • 14
    • 0001614178 scopus 로고
    • Postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhoea in pigs
    • in, C. L. Gyles, ed. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK
    • Hampson, D. J. 1994. Postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhoea in pigs. Pages 171-191 in Escherichia coli in domestic animals and humans. C. L. Gyles, ed. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
    • (1994) Escherichia Coli in Domestic Animals and Humans , pp. 171-191
    • Hampson, D.J.1
  • 15
    • 0027546565 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid supplementation of low-protein sorghum-soybean meal diets for 5- to 20-kilogram swine
    • Hansen, J. A., D. A. Knabe, and K. G. Burgoon. 1993. Amino acid supplementation of low-protein sorghum-soybean meal diets for 5- to 20-kilogram swine. J. Anim. Sci. 71:452-458.
    • (1993) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.71 , pp. 452-458
    • Hansen, J.A.1    Knabe, D.A.2    Burgoon, K.G.3
  • 16
    • 50949096800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of feeding low protein diets on plasma urea nitrogen, faecal ammonia nitrogen, the incidence of diarrhoea and performance after weaning
    • Heo, J. M., J. C. Kim, C. F. Hansen, B. P. Mullan, D. J. Hampson, and J. R. Pluske. 2008. Effects of feeding low protein diets on plasma urea nitrogen, faecal ammonia nitrogen, the incidence of diarrhoea and performance after weaning. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 62:343-358.
    • (2008) Arch. Anim. Nutr. , vol.62 , pp. 343-358
    • Heo, J.M.1    Kim, J.C.2    Hansen, C.F.3    Mullan, B.P.4    Hampson, D.J.5    Pluske, J.R.6
  • 17
    • 3343004784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of cereal non-starch polysaccharides and enzyme supplementation on digestion site and gut environment in weaned piglets
    • Högberg, A., and J. E. Lindberg. 2004. Influence of cereal non-starch polysaccharides and enzyme supplementation on digestion site and gut environment in weaned piglets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 116:113-128.
    • (2004) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.116 , pp. 113-128
    • Högberg, A.1    Lindberg, J.E.2
  • 18
    • 37049025152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and formation of microbial metabolites in ileal and cecal digesta of early-weaned pigs
    • Htoo, J. K., B. A. Araiza, W. C. Sauer, M. Rademacher, Y. Zhang, M. Cervantes, and R. T. Zijlstra. 2007. Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and formation of microbial metabolites in ileal and cecal digesta of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 85:3303-3312.
    • (2007) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.85 , pp. 3303-3312
    • Htoo, J.K.1    Araiza, B.A.2    Sauer, W.C.3    Rademacher, M.4    Zhang, Y.5    Cervantes, M.6    Zijlstra, R.T.7
  • 19
    • 53549113335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of feeding fermentable proteins and carbohydrates on growth performance, gut health and gastrointestinal function of newly weaned pigs
    • Jeaurond, E. A., M. Rademacher, J. R. Pluske, C. H. Zhu, and C. F. M. de Lange. 2008. Impact of feeding fermentable proteins and carbohydrates on growth performance, gut health and gastrointestinal function of newly weaned pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88:271-281.
    • (2008) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.88 , pp. 271-281
    • Jeaurond, E.A.1    Rademacher, M.2    Pluske, J.R.3    Zhu, C.H.4    de Lange, C.F.M.5
  • 20
    • 0002820742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible ways of modifying type and amount of products from microbial fermentation in the gut
    • in, A. Piva, K. E. Bach Knudsen, and J.-E. Lindberg, ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK
    • Jensen, B. B. 2001. Possible ways of modifying type and amount of products from microbial fermentation in the gut. Pages 181-200 in Gut Environment of Pigs. A. Piva, K. E. Bach Knudsen, and J.-E. Lindberg, ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK.
    • (2001) Gut Environment of Pigs , pp. 181-200
    • Jensen, B.B.1
  • 21
    • 45549091085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of oat hulls to an extruded rice-based diet for weaner pigs ameliorates the incidence of diarrhoea and reduces indices of protein fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract
    • Kim, J. C., B. P. Mullan, H. D. J. Hampson, and J. R. Pluske. 2008. Addition of oat hulls to an extruded rice-based diet for weaner pigs ameliorates the incidence of diarrhoea and reduces indices of protein fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract. Br. J. Nutr. 99:1217-1225.
    • (2008) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.99 , pp. 1217-1225
    • Kim, J.C.1    Mullan, B.P.2    Hampson, H.D.J.3    Pluske, J.R.4
  • 22
    • 0036339403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance and utilization of dietary energy and amino acids in piglets fed low protein diets
    • Le Bellego, L., and J. Noblet. 2002. Performance and utilization of dietary energy and amino acids in piglets fed low protein diets. Livest. Prod. Sci. 76:45-58.
    • (2002) Livest. Prod. Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 45-58
    • le Bellego, L.1    Noblet, J.2
  • 23
    • 0025766792 scopus 로고
    • Colon mucosal cell damage by ammonia in rats
    • Lin, H. C., and W. J. Visek. 1991. Colon mucosal cell damage by ammonia in rats. J. Nutr. 121:887-893.
    • (1991) J. Nutr. , vol.121 , pp. 887-893
    • Lin, H.C.1    Visek, W.J.2
  • 24
    • 0007402605 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and metabolism of proteins
    • in, 2nd ed. M. C. Linder, ed. Appleton & Lange, Stamford, CT
    • Linder, M. C. 1991. Nutrition and metabolism of proteins. Pages 87-109 in Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism with Clinical Applications. 2nd ed. M. C. Linder, ed. Appleton & Lange, Stamford, CT.
    • (1991) Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism with Clinical Applications , pp. 87-109
    • Linder, M.C.1
  • 25
    • 55849093277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoleucine and valine supplementation of a low-protein corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet for piglets: Growth performance and nitrogen balance
    • Lordelo, M. M., A. M. Gaspar, L. Le Bellego, and J. P. B. Freire. 2008. Isoleucine and valine supplementation of a low-protein corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet for piglets: Growth performance and nitrogen balance. J. Anim. Sci. 86:2936-2941.
    • (2008) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 2936-2941
    • Lordelo, M.M.1    Gaspar, A.M.2    le Bellego, L.3    Freire, J.P.B.4
  • 26
    • 0026652318 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of short-chain fatty acid production from protein by human intestinal bacteria based on branched-chain fatty acid measurements
    • Macfarlane, G. T., G. R. Gibson, E. Beatty, and J. H. Cummings. 1992. Estimation of short-chain fatty acid production from protein by human intestinal bacteria based on branched-chain fatty acid measurements. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 101:81-88.
    • (1992) FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. , vol.101 , pp. 81-88
    • Macfarlane, G.T.1    Gibson, G.R.2    Beatty, E.3    Cummings, J.H.4
  • 27
    • 0034653510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental models of porcine post-weaning colibacillosis and their relationship to post-weaning diarrhoea and digestive disorders as encountered in the field
    • Madec, F., N. Bridoux, S. Bounaix, R. Cariolet, Y. Duval-Iflah, D. J. Hampson, and A. Jestin. 2000. Experimental models of porcine post-weaning colibacillosis and their relationship to post-weaning diarrhoea and digestive disorders as encountered in the field. Vet. Microbiol. 72:295-310.
    • (2000) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.72 , pp. 295-310
    • Madec, F.1    Bridoux, N.2    Bounaix, S.3    Cariolet, R.4    Duval-Iflah, Y.5    Hampson, D.J.6    Jestin, A.7
  • 28
    • 0032940289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets
    • Marquardt, R. R., L. Z. Jin, J. W. Kim, L. Fang, A. A. Frohlich, and S. K. Baidoo. 1999. Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 23:283-288.
    • (1999) FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. , vol.23 , pp. 283-288
    • Marquardt, R.R.1    Jin, L.Z.2    Kim, J.W.3    Fang, L.4    Frohlich, A.A.5    Baidoo, S.K.6
  • 29
    • 33645002714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of oat hulls in diets for young pigs based on cooked maize or cooked rice
    • Mateos, G. G., F. Martin, M. A. Latorre, B. Vicente, and R. Lazaro. 2006. Inclusion of oat hulls in diets for young pigs based on cooked maize or cooked rice. Anim. Sci. 82:57-63.
    • (2006) Anim. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 57-63
    • Mateos, G.G.1    Martin, F.2    Latorre, M.A.3    Vicente, B.4    Lazaro, R.5
  • 30
    • 0032197363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting order of amino acids in a low protein corn-soybean meal-whey-based diet for nursery pigs
    • Mavromichalis, I., D. M. Webel, J. L. Emmert, R. L. Moser, and D. H. Baker. 1998. Limiting order of amino acids in a low protein corn-soybean meal-whey-based diet for nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2833-2837.
    • (1998) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 2833-2837
    • Mavromichalis, I.1    Webel, D.M.2    Emmert, J.L.3    Moser, R.L.4    Baker, D.H.5
  • 31
    • 0034762269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing viscosity of the intestinal contents alters small intestinal structure and intestinal growth, and stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in newly-weaned pigs
    • McDonald, D. E., D. W. Pethick, B. P. Mullan, and D. J. Hampson. 2001. Increasing viscosity of the intestinal contents alters small intestinal structure and intestinal growth, and stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in newly-weaned pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 86:487-498.
    • (2001) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.86 , pp. 487-498
    • McDonald, D.E.1    Pethick, D.W.2    Mullan, B.P.3    Hampson, D.J.4
  • 33
    • 0001738882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein metabolism in the growing pigs
    • in, I. Kyriazakis, ed. CAB Publ., Wallingford, Oxon, UK
    • Moughan, P. J. 1999. Protein metabolism in the growing pigs. Pages 299-331 in A Quantitative Biology of the Pig. I. Kyriazakis, ed. CAB Publ., Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
    • (1999) A Quantitative Biology of the Pig , pp. 299-331
    • Moughan, P.J.1
  • 34
    • 0011176308 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological, structural and functional changes of the small intestine of the pigs at weaning
    • Nabuurs, M. J. 1995. Microbiological, structural and functional changes of the small intestine of the pigs at weaning. Pig News Inf. 16:393N-397N.
    • (1995) Pig News Inf. , vol.16
    • Nabuurs, M.J.1
  • 35
    • 0002704944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weaning piglets as a model for studying pathophysiology of diarrhoea
    • Nabuurs, M. J. 1998. Weaning piglets as a model for studying pathophysiology of diarrhoea. Vet. Q. 20:42-45.
    • (1998) Vet. Q. , vol.20 , pp. 42-45
    • Nabuurs, M.J.1
  • 36
    • 0027636024 scopus 로고
    • Villus height and crypt depth in weaned pigs reared under various circumstances in The Netherlands
    • Nabuurs, M. J. A., A. Hoogendoorn, E. J. van der Molen, and A. L. van Osta. 1993. Villus height and crypt depth in weaned pigs reared under various circumstances in The Netherlands. Res. Vet. Sci. 55:78-84.
    • (1993) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 78-84
    • Nabuurs, M.J.A.1    Hoogendoorn, A.2    van der Molen, E.J.3    van Osta, A.L.4
  • 37
    • 84994317513 scopus 로고
    • Comparative observations on selected probiotics and olaquindox as feed additives for piglets around weaning. 2. Effect on villous length and crypt depth in the jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon
    • Nousiainen, J. T. 1991. Comparative observations on selected probiotics and olaquindox as feed additives for piglets around weaning. 2. Effect on villous length and crypt depth in the jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.) 66:224-230.
    • (1991) J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.) , vol.66 , pp. 224-230
    • Nousiainen, J.T.1
  • 38
    • 70249151040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRC., 10th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC
    • NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1998) Nutrient Requirements of Swine
  • 39
    • 33744945948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance responses and indicators of gastrointestinal health in early-weaned pigs fed low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets
    • Nyachoti, C. M., F. O. Omogbenigun, M. Rademacher, and G. Blank. 2006. Performance responses and indicators of gastrointestinal health in early-weaned pigs fed low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets. J. Anim. Sci. 84:125-134.
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 125-134
    • Nyachoti, C.M.1    Omogbenigun, F.O.2    Rademacher, M.3    Blank, G.4
  • 40
    • 0032886313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy piglets after weaning
    • Osek, J. 1999. Prevalence of virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy piglets after weaning. Vet. Microbiol. 68:209-217.
    • (1999) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.68 , pp. 209-217
    • Osek, J.1
  • 41
    • 0344662162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of early-weaned pigs to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88) challenge when fed diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma or pea protein isolate plus egg yolk antibody, zinc oxide, fumaric acid, or antibiotic
    • Owusu-Asiedu, A., C. M. Nyachoti, and R. R. Marquardt. 2003. Response of early-weaned pigs to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88) challenge when fed diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma or pea protein isolate plus egg yolk antibody, zinc oxide, fumaric acid, or antibiotic. J. Anim. Sci. 81:1790-1798.
    • (2003) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.81 , pp. 1790-1798
    • Owusu-Asiedu, A.1    Nyachoti, C.M.2    Marquardt, R.R.3
  • 43
    • 0030061710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactitol enhances short-chain fatty acid and gas production by swine cecal microflora to a great extent when fermenting low rather than high fibre diets
    • Piva, A., A., E. Panciroli, Meola, and A. Formigoni. 1996. Lactitol enhances short-chain fatty acid and gas production by swine cecal microflora to a great extent when fermenting low rather than high fibre diets. J. Nutr. 126:280-289.
    • (1996) J. Nutr. , vol.126 , pp. 280-289
    • Piva, A.A.1    Panciroli, E.2    Meola3    Formigoni, A.4
  • 44
    • 0002428211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-starch polysaccharides in the diets of young weaned piglets
    • in, M. A. Varley and J. Wiseman, ed. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK
    • Pluske, J. R., J.-C. Kim, D. E. McDonald, D. W. Pethick, and D. J. Hampson. 2001. Non-starch polysaccharides in the diets of young weaned piglets. Pages 81-112 in The Weaner Pig. M. A. Varley and J. Wiseman, ed. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
    • (2001) The Weaner Pig , pp. 81-112
    • Pluske, J.R.1    Kim, J.-C.2    McDonald, D.E.3    Pethick, D.W.4    Hampson, D.J.5
  • 45
    • 0036895864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional influences on some major enteric bacterial diseases of pigs
    • Pluske, J. R., D. W. Pethick, D. E. Hopwood, and D. J. Hampson. 2002. Nutritional influences on some major enteric bacterial diseases of pigs. Nutr. Res. Rev. 15:333-371.
    • (2002) Nutr. Res. Rev. , vol.15 , pp. 333-371
    • Pluske, J.R.1    Pethick, D.W.2    Hopwood, D.E.3    Hampson, D.J.4
  • 46
    • 0033116198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of retrogradation and amylose/amylopectin ratio of starches on carbohydrate fermentation and microbial populations in the porcine colon
    • Reid, C.-A., and K. Hillman. 1999. The effects of retrogradation and amylose/amylopectin ratio of starches on carbohydrate fermentation and microbial populations in the porcine colon. Anim. Sci. 68:503-510.
    • (1999) Anim. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 503-510
    • Reid, C.-A.1    Hillman, K.2
  • 48
    • 33750066020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence factor gene profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from clinically healthy pigs
    • Schierack, P., H. Steinruck, S. Kleta, and W. Vahjen. 2006. Virulence factor gene profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from clinically healthy pigs. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:6680-6686.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.72 , pp. 6680-6686
    • Schierack, P.1    Steinruck, H.2    Kleta, S.3    Vahjen, W.4
  • 49
    • 0010152624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of immune system activation on growth and optimal dietary regimens of pigs
    • in, P. C. Garnsworthy, J. Wiseman, and W. Haresign, ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK
    • Stahly, T. 1996. Impact of immune system activation on growth and optimal dietary regimens of pigs. Pages 197-206 in Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. P. C. Garnsworthy, J. Wiseman, and W. Haresign, ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK.
    • (1996) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition , pp. 197-206
    • Stahly, T.1
  • 50
    • 56249090719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of duration of manual restraint during blood sampling on plasma cortisol levels in calves
    • Stilwell, G. G., C. R. de Carvalho, M. S. Lima, and D. M. Broom. 2008. The effect of duration of manual restraint during blood sampling on plasma cortisol levels in calves. Anim. Welf. 17:383-385.
    • (2008) Anim. Welf. , vol.17 , pp. 383-385
    • Stilwell, G.G.1    de Carvalho, C.R.2    Lima, M.S.3    Broom, D.M.4
  • 51
    • 85194409583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimising nutrient digestion, absorption and gut barrier function in monogastrics: Reality or illusion?
    • in, M. C. Blok, H. A. Vahl, L. de Lange, A. E. van de Braak, G. Hemke, and M. Hessing, ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, UK
    • van der Klis, J. D., and A. J. M. Jansman. 2002. Optimising nutrient digestion, absorption and gut barrier function in monogastrics: Reality or illusion? Pages 15-36 in Nutrition and health of the gastrointestinal tract. M. C. Blok, H. A. Vahl, L. de Lange, A. E. van de Braak, G. Hemke, and M. Hessing, ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, UK.
    • (2002) Nutrition and Health of the Gastrointestinal Tract , pp. 15-36
    • van der Klis, J.D.1    Jansman, A.J.M.2
  • 52
    • 0021236759 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia: Its effects on biological systems, metabolic hormones, and reproduction
    • Visek, W. J. 1984. Ammonia: Its effects on biological systems, metabolic hormones, and reproduction. J. Dairy Sci. 67:481-498.
    • (1984) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 481-498
    • Visek, W.J.1
  • 53
    • 33947332625 scopus 로고
    • Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia
    • Weatherburn, M. W. 1967. Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal. Chem. (Wash.) 39:971-974.
    • (1967) Anal. Chem. (Wash.) , vol.39 , pp. 971-974
    • Weatherburn, M.W.1
  • 54
    • 33745183529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary protein supply on the performance and risk of post-weaning enteric disorders in newly weaned pigs
    • Wellock, I. J., P. D. Fortomaris, J. G. M. Houdijk, and I. Kyriazakis. 2006. The effect of dietary protein supply on the performance and risk of post-weaning enteric disorders in newly weaned pigs. Anim. Sci. 82:327-335.
    • (2006) Anim. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 327-335
    • Wellock, I.J.1    Fortomaris, P.D.2    Houdijk, J.G.M.3    Kyriazakis, I.4
  • 55
    • 43649085491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichi coli infection on newly weaned pigs: Health
    • Wellock, I. J., P. D. Fortomaris, J. G. M. Houdijk, and I. Kyriazakis. 2008a. Effect of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichi coli infection on newly weaned pigs: Health. Animal 2:834-842.
    • (2008) Animal , vol.2 , pp. 834-842
    • Wellock, I.J.1    Fortomaris, P.D.2    Houdijk, J.G.M.3    Kyriazakis, I.4
  • 56
    • 43649099798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichi coli infection on newly weaned pigs: Performance
    • Wellock, I. J., P. D. Fortomaris, J. G. M. Houdijk, and I. Kyriazakis. 2008b. Effect of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichi coli infection on newly weaned pigs: Performance. Animal 2:825-833.
    • (2008) Animal , vol.2 , pp. 825-833
    • Wellock, I.J.1    Fortomaris, P.D.2    Houdijk, J.G.M.3    Kyriazakis, I.4
  • 57
    • 0036719281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of feeder-trough space and variation in body weight within a pen of pigs on performance in a wean-to-finish production system
    • Wolter, B. F., M. Ellis, S. E. Curtis, E. N. Parr, and A. M. Webel. 2002. Effects of feeder-trough space and variation in body weight within a pen of pigs on performance in a wean-to-finish production system. J. Anim. Sci. 80:2241-2246.
    • (2002) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.80 , pp. 2241-2246
    • Wolter, B.F.1    Ellis, M.2    Curtis, S.E.3    Parr, E.N.4    Webel, A.M.5
  • 58
    • 0032212877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fiber stimulates the extra-renal route of nitrogen excretion in partially nephrectomised rats
    • Younes, H., K. A. Garleb, S. R. Behr, C. Demigne, and C. Remesy. 1998. Dietary fiber stimulates the extra-renal route of nitrogen excretion in partially nephrectomised rats. J. Nutr. Biochem. 9:613-620.
    • (1998) J. Nutr. Biochem. , vol.9 , pp. 613-620
    • Younes, H.1    Garleb, K.A.2    Behr, S.R.3    Demigne, C.4    Remesy, C.5
  • 59
    • 42049110148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance and intestinal development in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning
    • Yue, L. Y., and S. Y. Qiao. 2008. Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance and intestinal development in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning. Livest. Sci. 115:144-152.
    • (2008) Livest. Sci. , vol.115 , pp. 144-152
    • Yue, L.Y.1    Qiao, S.Y.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.