Pre-dialysis serum sodium and mortality in a national incident hemodialysis cohort

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 992-1001

  Rhee, Connie M ^a   Ravel, Vanessa A ^a   Ayus, Juan Carlos ^b   Sim, John J ^c   Streja, Elani ^a,d   Mehrotra, Rajnish ^e   Amin, Alpesh N ^a   Nguyen, Danh V ^a   Brunelli, Steven M ^f   Kovesdy, Csaba P ^g,h   Kalantar Zadeh, Kamyar ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Renal Consultants of Houston   (United States)

^c KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^d VA LONG BEACH HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f DAVITA CLINICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^h VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

hemodialysis; hypernatremia; hyponatremia; mortality; sodium

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; NITROGEN; SODIUM; UREA;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HYPERNATREMIA; HYPONATREMIA; LABORATORY TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PATIENT CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFERENCE VALUE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; WEIGHT GAIN; BLOOD; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL TRIAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; PROCEDURES; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SURVIVAL RATE; TRENDS; UNITED STATES;

CAUSE OF DEATH; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERNATREMIA; HYPONATREMIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RENAL DIALYSIS; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SODIUM; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84975110822     PISSN: 09310509     EISSN: 14602385     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv341     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Angeli P, Wong F, Watson H et al. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: results of a patient population survey. Hepatology 2006; 44: 1535-1542
2. Bettari L, Fiuzat M, Shaw LK et al. Hyponatremia and long-term outcomes in chronic heart failure-an observational study from the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Diseases. J Card Fail 2012; 18: 74-81
3. Kovesdy CP, Lott EH, Lu JL et al. Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without congestive heart failure. Circulation 2012; 125: 677-684
4. Hoorn EJ, Zietse R. Hyponatremia and mortality: moving beyond associations. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62: 139-149
5. Liamis G, Rodenburg EM, HofmanAet al. Electrolyte disorders in community subjects: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Med 2013; 126: 256-263
6. Hecking M, Karaboyas A, Saran R et al. Predialysis serum sodium level, dialysate sodium, and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 59: 238-248
7. Hecking M, Karaboyas A, Saran R et al. Dialysate sodium concentration and the association with interdialytic weight gain, hospitalization, and mortality. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7: 92-100
8. Mc Causland FR, Brunelli SM,Waikar SS. Dialysate sodium, serum sodium and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 1613-1618
9. Nigwekar SU, Wenger J, Thadhani R et al. Hyponatremia, mineral metabolism, and mortality in incident maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62: 755-762
10. Sahin OZ, Asci G, Kircelli F et al. The impact of low serum sodium level on mortality depends on glycemic control. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42: 534-540
11. Waikar SS, Curhan GC, Brunelli SM. Mortality associated with low serum sodium concentration in maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Med 2011; 124: 77-84
12. Funk GC, Lindner G, DrumlWet al. Incidence and prognosis of dysnatremias present on ICU admission. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 304-311
13. Stelfox HT, Ahmed SB, Zygun D et al. Characterization of intensive care unit acquired hyponatremia and hypernatremia following cardiac surgery. Can J Anaesth 2010; 57: 650-658
14. Jovanovich A, Berl T. Mortality and serum sodium in CKD-yet another U shaped curve. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012; 8: 261-263
15. Hoorn EJ, Zietse R. Hyponatremia and mortality: how innocent is the bystander? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6: 951-953
16. Flythe JE, Curhan GC, Brunelli SM. Disentangling the ultrafiltration ratemortality association: the respective roles of session length and weight gain. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8: 1151-1161
17. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Regidor DL, Kovesdy CP et al. Fluid retention is associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Circulation 2009; 119: 671-679
18. Kimmel PL, Varela MP, Peterson RA et al. Interdialytic weight gain and survival in hemodialysis patients: effects of duration of ESRD and diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 1141-1151
19. Weiner DE, Brunelli SM, Hunt A et al. Improving clinical outcomes among hemodialysis patients: a proposal for a 'volume first' approach from the chief medical officers of US dialysis providers. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64: 685-695
20. Wizemann V, Wabel P, Chamney P et al. The mortality risk of overhydration in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24: 1574-1579
21. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rhee C, Sim JJ et al. Why cachexia kills: examining the causality of poor outcomes in wasting conditions. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2013; 4: 89-94
22. Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Why is protein-energy wasting associated with mortality in chronic kidney disease? Semin Nephrol 2009; 29: 3-14
23. Rambod M, Bross R, Zitterkoph J et al. Association of Malnutrition-Inflammation Score with quality of life and mortality in hemodialysis patients: a 5-year prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53: 298-309
24. Yamamoto T, Shimizu M, Morioka M et al. Role of angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of hyperdipsia in chronic renal failure. JAMA 1986; 256: 604-608
25. Kuttykrishnan S, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Arah OA et al. Predictors of treatment with dialysis modalities in observational studies for comparative effectiveness research. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30: 1208-1217
26. Dekker FW, de Mutsert R, van Dijk PC et al. Survival analysis: timedependent effects and time-varying risk factors. Kidney Int 2008; 74: 994-997
27. Ayus JC, Moritz ML. Bone disease as a new complication of hyponatremia: moving beyond brain injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5: 167-168
28. Ayus JC, Negri AL, Kalantar-Zadeh K et al. Is chronic hyponatremia a novel risk factor for hip fracture in the elderly? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 3725-3731
29. Kinsella S, Moran S, Sullivan MO et al. Hyponatremia independent of osteoporosis is associated with fracture occurrence. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5: 275-280
30. Renneboog B, MuschW, Vandemergel X et al. Mild chronic hyponatremia is associated with falls, unsteadiness, and attention deficits. Am J Med 2006; 119: 71 e71-e78
31. Barsony J, Manigrasso MB, Xu Q et al. Chronic hyponatremia exacerbates multiple manifestations of senescence in male rats. Age (Dordr) 2013; 35: 271-288
32. Verbalis JG, Barsony J, Sugimura Y et al. Hyponatremia-induced osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25: 554-563
33. Barsony J, Sugimura Y, Verbalis JG. Osteoclast response to low extracellular sodium and the mechanism of hyponatremia-induced bone loss. J Biol Chem 2011; 286: 10864-10875
34. Arieff AI. Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after elective surgery in healthy women. New Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1529-1535
35. Ayus JC, Achinger SG, Arieff A. Brain cell volume regulation in hyponatremia: role of sex, age, vasopressin, and hypoxia. Am J Physiol 2008; 295: F619-F624
36. Riggs JE. Neurologic manifestations of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Neurol Clin 1989; 7: 509-523
37. Movafagh S, Cleemann L, Morad M. Regulation of cardiac Ca(2+) channel by extracellular Na(+). Cell Calcium 2011; 49: 162-173
38. Trimarchi H, Gonzalez J, Olivero J. Hyponatremia-associated rhabdomyolysis. Nephron 1999; 82: 274-277
39. Ayus JC, Caputo D, Bazerque F et al. Treatment of hyponatremic encephalopathy with a 3% sodium chloride protocol: a case series. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65: 435-442
40. Kleinewietfeld M, Manzel A, Titze J et al. Sodium chloride drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells. Nature 2013; 496: 518-522
41. Mandai S, Kuwahara M, Kasagi Y et al. Lower serum sodium level predicts higher risk of infection-related hospitalization in maintenance hemodialysis patients: an observational cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14: 276
42. Burton JO, Jefferies HJ, Selby NM et al. Hemodialysis-induced cardiac injury: determinants and associated outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4: 914-920